어머니의 형제대우, 형제 상호작용, 그리고 또래 유능성의 관계

기현주,김희진 한국유아교육학회 2004 유아교육연구 Vol.24 No.4

본 연구는 첫째가 유아교육기관에 다니는 유아기 형제를 대상으로 어머니의 형제대우와 형제 상호작용 혹은 또래 유능성간 관계, 그리고 형제 상호작용과 또래 유능성간 관계를 알아보았다. 어머니의 형제대우 행동과 형제 상호작용은 관찰을, 형제대우 행동에 대한 어머니 인식과 또래 유능성은 질문지를 통하여 자료를 수집하였다. 그 결과 전반적으로 어머니의 형제대우는 형제 상호작용 혹은 또래 유능성과 유의한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 형제 상호작용과 또래 유능성간 관계도 유의한 것으로 나타났다. This research poses the following questions: What is the relationship between a mother's differential treatment of siblings and sibling interaction? What is the relationship between maternal differential treatment of siblings and peer competence? What is the relationship between the interaction of siblings and peer competence? To answer these questions, researchers observed 40 sibling pairs and their mothers from Seoul and Gyunggi province. The findings of the study are: First, the more maternal differential treatment behaviors of an affirmative or supportive nature, the less affirmative sibling interactions and the more negative interactions; the more maternal differential treatment behaviors in negative or controllable behavior, the more were affirmative sibling interactions and the less negative sibling interactions. And the more perceptions there were of maternal differential treatment in first sibling control, the fewer instances there were of affirmative sibling interactions and the more instances of negative sibling interaction; the more maternal differential treatment was perceived as second sibling control, the less instances there were of negative sibling interaction. Second, the more maternal affirmative behaviors there were to the first sibling, the higher was the first sibling's peer competence. The more maternal negative behaviors there were, the lower was the first sibling's peer competence. The more maternal differential affirmative behaviors there were to the second sibling, the lower was the first sibling's aggression and/or nervousness. And the more maternal differential treatment was perceived as second sibling control, the higher was the first sibling's peer competence. Third, generally the more affirmative were sibling interactions, the higher were the first sibling's peer competence. The more negative responses to affirmative behavior were sibling interactions, the lower was the first sibling's peer competence. The more submissions to the negative initial behavior were sibling interactions, the lower was the first sibling's competence.

그림 동화책에 묘사된 형제 관계의 특성

박화윤,안라리 한국유아교육학회 2003 유아교육연구 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 그림 동화책 300권 중 형제 관계가 이야기의 중심으로 전개된 46권을 대상으로 등장인물의 형제 구성요인, 형제 이야기가 전개되는 상황, 형제 관계의 특성을 알아보았다. 연구 결과 다수의 그림 동화책이 인간을 등장시킨 맏이와 막내 등 2인의 남매관계와 부모부재 상황에서 형제간의 상호작용을 묘사하였다. 형제 관계의 질적 특성은 긍정적 주제가 대부분으로 온정/애정이 많았고 어울림, 갈등 조절도 나타났으며 부정적 주제에서도 괴로움, 통제, 경쟁이 나타나 형제간 상호작용의 질적 특성이 다양하게 묘사되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 다양한 형제간의 상호관계를 간접적으로 경험할 수 있는 유아 도서의 활용 및 창작에의 방향에 시사점을 준다. The purpose of this study was to examine the qualitative characteristics of sibling relationships in young children's literature. In order to achieve the aforementioned purpose, the following two research questions was suggested: 1. What were factors that were constructed with the sibling relationships in young children's literature? 2. What was the situation of sibling interaction described in the young children's literature? 3. How was described the sibling interaction in young children's literature? The subjects of this study were 46 volumes published in Korea. To analyse sibling relationships in young children's literature, the PNTSI(Positive and Negative Themes of Sibling Interaction) of Stoker, Dunn & Plomin(1989) was used. After 10 years, the PNTSI(Positive and Negative Themes of Sibling Interaction) was used by Kramer, Noorman & Brockman's(1999) research. The data analysis was processed by frequency and percentage. The results of analysis are as follows: 1. In young children's literature, the number of male main character outnumbered that of female main character. And first and last sibling outnumbered that of second or third sibling. The main character was almost illustrated as human character. Brothers, sisters and brothers were depicted more often than sisters and the siblings almost compose of two. 2. In young children's literature; the situation of sibling interactions were descriptive three main event. The main situation were parent's absent, birth of new born baby and sickness of sibling. 3. In young children's literature, the positive interactions were descriptive more often than the negative interactions. The warmth/affective was highest and conflict management was lowest in positive sibling interactions. The agonism was highest, the next was rivarly and control in negative sibling interactions.

어머니가 인식한 형제관계와 형제 및 형제 또래의 낯선 동성 유아와의 상호작용 간의 관련성

김언경 ( Eon Kyung Kim ),김희진 ( Hee Jin Kim ) 미래유아교육학회 2014 미래유아교육학회지 Vol.21 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 어머니가 인식한 형제관계와 형제 및 형제 또래의 낯선 동성 유아와의 상호작용간의 관련성을 살펴보는 것이다. 연구대상은 서울 소재 유치원에 재학 중인 형제 30쌍과 그들의 어머니이다. 어머니에게는 형제관계에 대한 어머니의 인식을 물어보는 설문을 실시하고, 상호작용은 형제간 놀이 상황과 형제와 비슷한 월령과 같은 성을 가진 낯선 유아와의 놀이 상황을 관찰하여 자료를 수집하였다. 연구결과 어머니는 두 형제가 서로에게 유사한 수준으로 적대적인 행동을 하지만 질투나 친밀함은 아랫형제가 더 많이 하며 돌봄은 윗형제가 더 많이 한다고 응답하였다. 어머니가 인식한 형제관계와 유치원에서 관찰한 형제간 상호작용은 일부 관련이 있었다. 형제와 상호작용할 때와 형제 또래의 동성 유아와 상호작용할 때 나타나는 패턴이 관련 있었는데, 이는 형제간 상호작용이 가정 밖에서 일어나는 형제 또래 유아와의 상호작용으로 전이됨을 의미한다. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation among sibling relationships that mother perceived at home, the child``s interaction with a sibling, and that with an unfamiliar child who is same age and sex with one’s sibling. The subject were 30 sibling dyad aged 3 to 5 and their mothers. Each dyad enrolled in the same kindergarten. The mother conducted a questionnaire about sibling relationships and the child``s interaction with a sibling and that with an unfamiliar child were observed separately. The results of this study were as follows. First, mothers perceived that siblings behaved antagonistically each other. However mothers perceived that the younger of siblings felt more jealous and appeared more closeness toward a sibling than the older, and the older of siblings took more care of one’s young sibling than the younger. Second, there were partly similar correlations between the child``s relationship with a sibling that mother perceived at home and one``s interactions with a sibling at a kindergarten. This means that their mother pretty accurately perceived relationships between siblings. Third, there were similar correlations between patterns of child``s interactions with a sibling and that with an unfamiliar child. This means that there was the transition from the interaction with a sibling to the interaction with an unfamiliar child to take place outside the home.

집단미술치료가 발달장애아동의 형제관계 및 상호작용에 미치는 효과

이은진 ( Eun Jin Lee ) 한국정서.행동장애아교육학회(구.한국정서학습장애아교육학회) 2010 정서ㆍ행동장애연구 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구에서는 집단미술치료가 발달장애아동을 형제로 둔 비장애형제자매의 형제관계와 상호작용에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 살펴보았다. 연구를 위해 발달장애아 20명과 그들의 비장애형제자매 20명, 총 40명을 중재집단으로 선정하여 2개 그룹으로 나누어, 주 1회 60분씩 30회기에 걸쳐 프로그램을 실시하였다. 프로그램 진행 후, 결과로 사용하기에 적절하지 않거나 중간에 탈락한 자, 결석률이 높은 8명을 제외한 32명의 결과를 사전·사후 변화 차이를 비교, 고찰하였다. 연구 결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 발달장애아 형제자매를 대상으로 한 집단미술치료 프로그램이 형제관계지각변화에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 둘째, 발달장애아 형제자매를 대상으로 한 집단미술치료 프로그램이 형제자매의 상호작용의 효과를 높이는데 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 장애아형제자매의 형제관계와 상호작용 개선을 위한 집단미술치료 프로그램을 지원한다면, 발달장애아 당사자는 물론, 그들의 형제자매 교육과 양육, 사회적응 등에 바람직한 효과가 있을 것이라 생각된다. This study observed what influence the Group Art Therapy Program gave on the sibling relationship and interaction in non-disabled sibling of the children with developmental disabilities. For this, an Group Art Therapy Program intervention program involved as many as 32 non-disabled sibling and children with developmental disabilities conducted. This results are follows: This result significantly means that Group Art Therapy Program post difference between the level up of sibling relationship and interaction in non-disabled sibling of the children with developmental disabilities and increases. In bldition to that, the sibling relationship from child`s traits reported a strong tendency to decrease nearly at.10 level, though it was a sta watically significant resulth ilthough this result was confined to sibling relationship and interaction are significant difference, it was worth being studied bect,se therthoas difference at least to be noticed and therthoas increased influence. To sesuup, the study found ot that the Group Art Therapy Program intervention program could difference at tchildren with developmental disabilities and could significantly influence on the improvem proof the sibling relationship and interaction. On the platat moof this result, the study suggests the panthed support in Group Art Therapy Programs for improving the sibling relationship and interaction in non-disabled sibling of the children with developmental disabilities.

Descriptive Analysis of Social Interaction and Communication Skills of Autistic Children According to Sibling Status and Characteristics

Se Yeon Kim,Da-Yea Song,Guiyoung Bong,Jae Hyun Han,Hee Jeong Yoo 대한신경정신의학회 2024 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.21 No.1

Objective Sibling relationships in early childhood can have a positive impact on children’s social interaction and communication skills. Similarly, autistic children can benefit from interactions with their siblings, who can serve as readily available partners for social interaction. However, there is a lack of research on the effects of siblings based on specific characteristics of the sibling. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare social interactions and communication skills of autistic children based on sibling status and characteristics.Methods We conducted a retrospective data review involving 895 autistic children and their siblings at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Variety of diagnostic assessments or questionnaires were administered. Based on the characteristics of the data, Quade’s test for nonparametric analysis of covariance was used to compare autism-related symptoms and levels of functioning of the autistic child according to 1) sibling status, 2) birth order, 3) sex, and 4) diagnosis of the sibling. Pearson correlation was used to explore associations between the sibling age gap and different clinical scores.Results Having siblings was associated with fewer difficulties in restricted and repetitive behaviors. Based on the comparison of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised scores, autistic children with multiple siblings demonstrated better nonverbal behaviors. Autistic children with autistic siblings experienced greater difficulties in social interactions and communications, such as peer relationships, sharing enjoyment, and engaging in social imitative play.Conclusion The study revealed differences in social interactions and communication skills of autistic children based on sibling status, birth order, affected sibling, age gap, and sex.

자매 상호작용중심의 미술치료가 자매의 우울 및 의사소통에 미치는 영향

허정선,전순영 한국미술치료학회 2014 美術治療硏究 Vol.21 No.3

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of art therapy for sibling interaction center on sibling depression and communication. The subjects were the elder sister of middle school grade 3 and the younger sister of elementary school grade 3, who were both suffering from depression and applied to art therapy of sibling interaction center with a total of 35 times of each 120 min once a week for 28 Dec 2012 to 10 Sept 2013. The scores of examination of pre-test, post-test and follow-up test of each assessment tool such as Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Satir Test for Communication, Kinetic Family Drawing(KFD) and Family Systems Diagnostic Procedure, and the contents of total therapy session used for this study were analysed. As the results, firstly, the elder sister showed a 6 point reduction and the youngersister a 13 point reduction in the CDI scores through pre- and post- tests, meaning some reduced changes in depression. Secondly, the elder showed an 11 point rise and the younger a 12 point rise in the congruence of communication, indicating some changes in the communication type. The siblings showed some increasing changes in their verbal and nonverbal communication for Family Systems Diagnostic Procedure and also some increases in the number of interaction for behavior observation. Therefore, these results indicate that this art therapy of sibling interaction center played some effective roles in a reduction in depression and an improvement in communication for these siblings. 본 연구는 자매 상호작용중심의 미술치료가 자매의 우울 및 의사소통에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상자는 우울감을 겪고 있는 중학교 3학년 언니와 초등학교 3학년 동생으로서 사전․사후․추수검사를 제외하고 자매 상호작용중심의 미술치료를 2012년 12월 28일부터 2013년 9월 10일 까지 매주1회 120분씩 35회에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 자매 상호작용중심의 미술치료가 자매들의 우울 및 의사소통에 미치는 영향을 알아 보기위해 사전․사후․추수검사로 우울검사(CDI), 사티어의 의사소통검사, 동적 가족화(KFD), 가족체계진단검사 및 회기별 치료과정을 분석하였다. 본 연구결과로 보면 첫째, 우울은 CDI 점수가 사전․사후검사에서 언니는 6점, 동생은 13점이 감소되는 변화를 보였다. 둘째, 자매들의 의사소통에서 일치형이 언니는 11점, 동생은 12점이 상승되어 의사소통유형이 변화하였고, 가족체계진단검사에서는 자매의 언어적, 비언어적 의사소통이 증가하는 변화를 보였으며, 행동관찰 면에서도 상호작용 횟수가 증가하였다. 따라서 자매상호작용 중심의 미술치료가 자매의 우울 감소와 의사소통 향상에 효과적임을 알 수 있다.

형제자매 주도의 상호작용 중재가 자폐 범주성 장애 유아의 형제자매 상호작용에 미치는 영향

김수지(Kim SuJi),이소현(Lee SoHyun) 한국자폐학회 2020 자폐성 장애연구 Vol.20 No.1

본 연구는 형제자매 주도의 상호작용 중재를 통하여 자폐 범주성 장애 유아의 형제자매 상호작용이 향상되는지 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 중재는 만 3-5세 사이의 자폐 범주성 장애 유아 3명과 이들의 손위·동일 연령 형제자매를 대상으로 대상자간 중다 간헐기초선 설계를 사용하여 효과를 검증하였다. 연구자는 형제자매 주도의 상호작용을 위하여 형제자매 교육과 비디오 피드백으로 이루어진 중재를 제공하였으며, 자폐 범주성 장애 유아의 형제자매 상호작용 발생률을 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 형제자매 주도의 상호작용 중재는 참여유아의 형제자매 상호작용 발생률 증가에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났으며, 3명의 참여유아 모두 중재 종료 4주 후에도 그 효과가 유지되었으며 중재 외 상황으로 일반화되었다. 연구 결과를 근거로 자폐 범주성 장애 유아를 위한 형제자매 주도 중재의 의의에 대하여 논의하였으며, 향후 연구에 대해 제언하였다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sibling-mediated interaction intervention at home on sibling interaction of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders(ASD). For the purpose of the study, a multiple probe design was used across three young children with ASD under four experimental conditions: baseline, intervention, generalization, and maintenance. Two older siblings and one twin sibling without disability participated as a mediator for the study. They received sibling education and video feedback. The results of the study were as follows. First, all children showed improvement in the rate of sibling intervention through sibling mediated interaction intervention. Second, in four-week follow up observation, all children are maintained. Third, although these effects were generalized lower than the latter of intervention, but the middle level of intervention in to the other situation. Implications and suggestions for the future directions of the related research were also discussed.

자폐스펙트럼장애 아동과 비장애 형제간 상호작용 향상을 위한 협력적 악기연주 프로그램 적용 사례

정진원(Jin Won Jung) 한국음악치료교육학회 2023 인간행동과 음악연구 Vol.20 No.2

본 연구는 자폐스펙트럼장애(Autism Spectrum Disorder, 이하 ASD) 아동과 비장애 형제를 대상 으로 협력적 악기연주 프로그램을 실행하여 형제간 상호작용에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위한 사례연구이다. 대상자는 만 7-12세 ASD 아동 3명과 만 6-11세 비장애 형제 3명 으로 ASD 아동과 비장애 형제로 구성된 각 그룹이 40분씩, 주 2회, 총 8회기의 중재에 참여하였다. 중재는 동시적 행동 수행의 단계, 상호보완적 행동 수행의 단계, 협력을 통한 공동의 목표 성취의 단계 총 3단계로 구성되었다. 매회기 중재 시 ASD 아동과 비장애 형제에게 나타난 상호작용 시작·반응행동, 연쇄적 상호작용 행동 및 협력적 연주 행동을 관찰하여 측정하였으며 중재 전후 비장애 형제는 형제관계척도를 보호자는 보호자가 지각한 형제관계척도를 평정 하도록 하였다. 연구 결과, 상호작용 시작·반응행동, 연쇄적 상호작용 행동, 협력적 연주 행동 이 중재 회기가 진행됨에 따라 점차 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 보호자와 비장애 형제가 평정한 형제관계척도의 평정 점수 또한 프로그램 후 증가하였으나 형제 갈등 및 경쟁의식 하위 영역에 서는 뚜렷한 변화가 나타나지 않았는데 이는 형제간 접촉이 증가하면서 갈등과 경쟁의식을 경험하는 기회 역시 증가할 수 있음을 나타낸다. ASD 아동과 비장애 형제가 함께 참여하는 중재 연구의 필요성이 증가하는 시점에서 본 연구 결과는 공동의 목표를 가지고 협력적으로 연주하는 중재가 형제간 상호작용 시도 및 친밀감 증가에 효과적일 수 있음을 시사한다. This case study examined whether a cooperative musical instrument playing could enhance interactions between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their neurotypical (NT) siblings. It involved three children with ASD aged 7-12 years and three NT siblings aged 6-11 years. Each group, comprising a child with ASD and their NT sibling, participated in a 40-minute sessions twice weekly for eight sessions over four weeks. The intervention included three stages: simultaneous action, complementary action, and achieving a joint goal. Evaluation criteria included the initiation and response behaviors of each child, and sequential interactive behaviors and cooperative behaviors between pairs were measured. Additionally, before and after the intervention, parents and NT sibling assessed their perceived sibling relationships. Results showed increased interactive and cooperative behaviors. Post-intervention, both parents and NT siblings rated the sibling relationship highly, despite little change in sibling conflict and competition consciousness. These findings indicate that interactive instrument playing can enhance perceptions of siblings as cooperative play partners and aid in teaching them how to collaborate during interactions.

어머니가 바라본 중도 장애유아와 비장애형제유아의 상호작용

이미숙 ( Mi Suk Lee ) 한국특수아동학회 2012 특수아동교육연구 Vol.14 No.3

본 연구는 중도 장애유아의 어머니들이 중도 장애유아와 비장애형제유아의 상호작용에 대해 어떻게 인식하고 있는지에 대해 살펴보았다. 본 연구를 위해 유아기에 해당하는 중도장애자녀와 비장애자녀를 함께 둔 어머니 5명이 면담에 참여하였다. 본 연구 결과, 중도 장애유아와 비장애형제유아의 상호작용은 매우 부족한 것으로 나타났으며, 장애정도의 심각성으로 인해 장애유아가 비장애형제유아의 상호작용 시도에 반응을 잘 보이지 못함으로써 상호작용이 잘 나타나지 않고 있음을 보여주었다. 하지만, 부족한 상호작용에서도 비장애형제유아들은 장애유아의 반응을 기대하였으며, 장애유아에게 형제로서의 지속적인 관심을 보여주고 있었다. 어머니들은 형제간의 긍정적인 상호작용을 위해 어머니 자신의 역할이 중요함을 인식하고 있었다. The study investigated the mothers` perception on the interaction between young children with severe disabilities and their siblings in early childhood. The study included five mothers who had young children with severe disabilities and young children without disabilities. In results, the level of interaction between young children with severe disabilities and their siblings was pretty low, and the prevalent reason was not to show the reaction on the siblings` interaction trial. Although the level of interaction was low, however, the siblings were excited when their siblings with severe disabilities showed the reaction. As well, the siblings showed constant interests to young children with severe disabilities as the siblings. They insisted their important roles for the positive interaction between siblings.

Effects of a Sibling-Implemented Intervention Focused on Social Interaction Skills for Young Children with Special Needs

김태영,Eva Horn 한국유아특수교육학회 2014 유아특수교육연구 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to assess the potential of siblings as animportant intervention agent by systematically teaching them appropriate socialskills and strategies in order to improve the social interaction skills of theirsiblings who have difficulties with socializations. Three families including sibling-child dyads and their parents participated in the study. Using a single-subject,multiple baseline design across the sibling and child dyads, social behaviors ofthe siblings and the children were measured to investigate the effects of thesibling-implemented intervention. The siblings were taught some specific socialskills and strategies in the intervention. After the intervention, both siblings andchildren with disabilities demonstrated positive changes in their play engagementand social interaction. Results of the study indicate that the siblings were ableto learn and use specific social skills and strategies in interacting with theirsiblings with disabilities resulting in positive impact on their siblings with disabilities’social interactions.