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기현주 한국동서비교문학학회 2018 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.0 No.43
This essay examines the novels State of War by Ninotchka Rosca and Awaiting Trespass by Linda Ty-Casper in terms of memory. The two diasporic writers self-exiled in the United States when the Philippines was under Marcos dictatorship attempt to look back their mother country. It might be regarded as “a nostalgic attempt” to go back to a lost paradise, but their focuses imply a more complex meaning including the treatment of past from the perspective of the present. Set in Marcos regime the two works put emphasis on counter-memory which is contrasted with official memory. Counter-memory produces heterogenous and disharmonious views and perspectives against the dominant ideology and discourse of the country. Witnessing and involving in the resistant actions, the characters in the two novels believe that storytelling which is alternative history will empower people to look at the truth and to end the continuity and cycling of violence rooted in colonial past.
『윈더미어 부인의 부채』에 나타난 타락한 여성의 전형성과 전복성
기현주 현대영미어문학회 2017 현대영미어문학 Vol.35 No.1
In this paper, I examine the treatment of the fallen woman in Lady Windermere’s Fan, which is simultaneously conventional and subversive. Mrs. Erlynne, who left her husband and baby 20 years ago for her lover, was stigmatized as a fallen woman and has had a humiliating and miserable life as a social outcast. Mrs. Erlynne’s way of life is portrayed following the convention of the fallen woman. Through a typical portrayal, it is emphasized that she has been victimized by a society based on patriarchal ideology. Contrarily, Mrs Erlynne undermines the principles of Victorian society. She rejects motherhood after she saves her daughter from potential scandal, which sacrifices her reputation. This act is a challenge to Victorian values that cherish home and family and is a celebration of individualism, which Oscar Wilde advocated. In conclusion, Mrs Erlynne demonstrates the typical features of the fallen woman highlighting the destructive power Victorian ideology has; on the other hand, her subversion of the beliefs of society is accentuated through her individuality and the ending, which is contrary to the tragic death of the conventional fallen woman. .
Resisting Oppression by (Re)Claiming Selves: Japanese Women at the Margin
기현주 한국영미어문학회 2018 영미어문학 Vol.- No.128
This paper explores the significations of sexual transgression and the tragic path of Japanese fallen women imagined whithin the capitalist economy of the US and patriarchal Japanese culture. The concept of fallen women circulated popularly in Victorian literatures can be applied to Japanese women who are portrayed in Wakako Yamauchi’s And The Soul Shall Dance and Velina Hasu Houston’s Tea. Japanese fallen women go through the process of stigmatization, ostracization and tragic demise like Victorian counterparts. While passing through the scheme, these women contribute to the revelation of the socio-political and economic contexts of Japan and the US as well as their male-dominant cultures. Empowered by their sexual experiences, however, they do not acquiesce to gender norms and the capitalist system of the US. The transforming fall prompts their tragic paths and finally they lead themselves to their disappearance or death. The two playwrights’ ambivalent views on the fallen women are exuded from the elimination of them. The writers emphasize the defiance of these women and simultaneously reinforce the sound and innocent Japanese farmers’ and war brides’ community.
Cartography of Filipino Diaspora: Locations, Languages, and Self in Talk-Story
기현주 한국영미어문학회 2009 영미어문학 Vol.- No.90
This essay explores how Filipino diaspora fashion their identity relating to the home and the home abroad. Due to colonial and postcolonial history of the Philippines, its people have been compelled to migrate to the new home. Their experience of border crossing and making home in the U.S. incites them to have specific relationship with the homeland and the U.S. In Talk-Story, Filipino diaspora have specific links with the old and new home. Although Frank and his daughter Dee have disparate configuration of space because of generational gap, their predicaments as Filipino diaspora are overlapped. Frank was forced to leave home when the Philippines was colonized by the U.S. and experienced institutional discrimination of the US society in the past. Dee's present situation which is juxtaposed with her father's trajectories of life verifies that she cannot have stable association with the U.S. Being diaspora also signifies that their mother tongue becomes foreign language in the new home. On the one hand, Filipino diaspora accommodate to the dominant values and ideology delivered by English. On the other hand, they employ their vernacular to establish their Filipino self. Through the Filipino language taught by father, Dee can learn Filipino heritage. Importantly, Dee's complicated relationship to the Philippines and the U.S. make her develop diasporic consciousness which empowers her to disrupt the dominant ideology of the U.S. This essay explores how Filipino diaspora fashion their identity relating to the home and the home abroad. Due to colonial and postcolonial history of the Philippines, its people have been compelled to migrate to the new home. Their experience of border crossing and making home in the U.S. incites them to have specific relationship with the homeland and the U.S. In Talk-Story, Filipino diaspora have specific links with the old and new home. Although Frank and his daughter Dee have disparate configuration of space because of generational gap, their predicaments as Filipino diaspora are overlapped. Frank was forced to leave home when the Philippines was colonized by the U.S. and experienced institutional discrimination of the US society in the past. Dee's present situation which is juxtaposed with her father's trajectories of life verifies that she cannot have stable association with the U.S. Being diaspora also signifies that their mother tongue becomes foreign language in the new home. On the one hand, Filipino diaspora accommodate to the dominant values and ideology delivered by English. On the other hand, they employ their vernacular to establish their Filipino self. Through the Filipino language taught by father, Dee can learn Filipino heritage. Importantly, Dee's complicated relationship to the Philippines and the U.S. make her develop diasporic consciousness which empowers her to disrupt the dominant ideology of the U.S.