철근콘크리트 건축물의 상태평가 중 부재평가방법 개선에 관한 연구

우혜성 ( Hye-sung Woo ),이원호 ( Waon-ho Yi ),황경란 ( Kyung-ran Hwang ),이관형 ( Kwan-hyeong Lee ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2021 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.25 No.3

건축시설물 중 제1종 시설물과 제2종 시설물은 유지관리를 위해 정기적으로 정밀안전점검과 정밀안전진단을 실시한다. 건축물의 점검 및 진단을 실시하는 경우 상태평가, 기울기 및 침하, 안전성평가를 종합하여 건축물의 등급이 결정된다. 그리고 평가등급은 점검 및 진단의 주기를 결정한다. 평가 등급이 좋지 않다면 점검 및 진단 주기는 짧아지고, 이로 인한 유지관리 비용은 증가하게 된다. 따라서 건축물을 평가하는 방법은 명확하여야 한다. 상태평가는 부재단위 평가, 층단위 평가, 종합 평가로 이루어진다. 이 중 부재단위 평가는 현장조사와 시험 결과를 통해 등급을 판정한다. 본 연구에서는 상태평가의 첫 번째 단계인 부재단위 평가에 대해 평가방법과 평가기준을 분석하여 개선점을 도출하였으며, 이를 개선하여 현재 부재의 상태점수를 반영할 수 있는 함수식을 제시하였다. Type 1 and type 2 buildings must regularly conduct precise safety inspections and precise safety diagnosis for the safety and maintenance of facilities, and the safety grade of the building is determined according to the results of the implementation. In addition, the cycle of inspection and diagnosis is determined according to the safety grade of the building. In order to determine the safety grade of the building, a precise safety inspection conducts condition evaluation, and a precise safety diagnosis conducts condition evaluation and safety evaluation. Therefore, since the inspection and diagnosis cycle is determined according to the safety grade of the building, the condition evaluation and safety evaluation must be precise. However, in the case of member unit evaluation, which is the first step in evaluating the current condition, the evaluation grade is determined by using the representative value of the measurement result, and this may result in an error in the evaluation grade. To solve this problem, this study analyzed evaluation criteria for each evaluation item and presented evaluation criteria using inequalities to respond to measurement results and evaluation scores. In addition, we present a functional formula that can reflect performance scores for each evaluation item.

안전패러다임 전환에(Safety-Ⅱ) 따른 기업안전문화 평가 기법연구

김종원(Jong Won Kim),김상호(Sang Ho Kim) 대한인간공학회 2020 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.10

Objective: Based on the system safety analysis (Safety-II) model, this study proposes a new safety culture evaluation method to improve safety culture and capabilities. Background: According to the statistics of recent industrial accidents (for the last three years), despite the government"s great efforts, the number of industrial accidents has not decreased significantly. The reason why the accident rate does not decrease even though the paradigm of risk or safety management is shifting to Safety-II due to the change in the social technology environment is that the safety-I level management is still in place. The safety culture, which is emerging as important in safety management, also needs to be improved in accordance with the Safety-II era. Method: Develop a safety questionnaire and establish an indicator through the analysis of problems in the existing evaluation model. The safety culture level evaluation method is defined and the grade is selected. The actual evaluation is conducted through a predetermined questionnaire and the validity is reviewed based on the results of the questionnaire. Result: By finding the problem of the existing safety culture evaluation method, we were able to derive a questionnaire evaluation method suitable for the Safety-II era. Conclusion: Through this study, a new tool for evaluating corporate culture applicable to Safety-II was developed, and the validity of the study was verified through actual application to two business sites. Application: It can be used to evaluate the safety culture of the company that fits in the Safety-II era.

Development of Evaluative Indicator of SAFETY Education for KOREA Army

Jung Byong-sam J-INSTITUTE 2018 International Journal of Crisis & Safety Vol.3 No.1

Purpose; This paper intends to develop evaluation indicators of safety education for the Republic of Kore Army(ROKA) personnel. In Korea, there are a lot of accidents and disasters that Korean people had never been experienced including earthquakes, fire casualties, and marine accidents. There are many physical and psychological risk factors including explosion, injury, fire, traffic accident, and psychological violence, etc. Researchers suggest that ROKA soldiers are vulnerable to daily risk factors but do not receive enough safety education due to the lack of appropriate manual, instructor, and time. This study thoroughly reviewed the literature including the US Army field manual on the safety education and studies of industrial safety. Seventeen areas of safety management in the military bases were described in the field manual and counter-measures of each area were reviewed. Thirty evaluative indicators were presented based on the literature review and the value of each indicator was suggested as a milestone for designing and conducting the safety education. The 30 indicators are composed based on the CIPP(context-input-process-product) model and each of the indicator implies theoretical meanings and practical suggestions. The indicators begin with analyzing the hazard of the workplace and they contain : (1)collecting and analyzing the hazards in the workplace, (2)collecting and analyzing the information about the health management system, (3)making the safety management plan in the workplace, (4)reflecting the opinions of military personnel in making the safety management plan, (5) investigating the implementation of health education and evaluation for military personnel, (6)reflect- ing the military personnel’s need for health and safety education, (7)evaluating the leader’s interest in the safety and health promotion, (8)investigating the military personnel s consciousness of safety, (9) employment of officer in charge of safety management, (10)percentage of the officers in charge of the safety management, (11)employment of the officers in charge of safety and health education, (12) qualification of the officers in charge of the safety and health education, (13)presence of department of safety and health management and education, (14)volume of contents of the safety and health education, (15)Percentage of budget for safety and health education, (16)implementation of regulations on safety and health, (17)specification of educational objectives on safety, (18)review of the appropriateness of the safety education objectives, (19)diversity of educational method for the safety education, (20)specification of the safety education contents, (21)implementation of the educational plan, (22)checking the military personnel s awareness of the safety objectives, (23)the military personnel s satisfaction in the safety education, (24)participation of the military personnel in the safety education, (25)availability of resources for the safety education, (26)communication about the contents of the safety education, (27)changes in the consciousness of the safety, (28)changes in the knowledge of the safety, (29)changes in the attitude toward the safety, (30)changes in the real actions in the safety management and implementation.

산업장 안전보건교육 프로그램 평가지표 개발

오영아(Young-A Oh),이명선(Myung-Sun Lee) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2007 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of the evaluation indicators on safety and health education programs provided to Korean industrial workers, by developing further. Methods: To develop the early evaluation indicator, the secondary analysis was made on 'Survey on Industrial safety & health trends', the national wide survey data product by Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency, as well as the various examinations on literatures. To validate such developed evaluation indicator, 13 safety and health managers in Focus Group discussion to prove the reliability of the contents were composed. To confirm the face validity, the interview with 6 industrial safety and health education experts was held to study the appropriateness of the content. With the cooperation from Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency, the structured survey was performed with the safety and health managers from 588 businesses who participated in the education program for the later half of 2006. In this study, the number of responses was randomly divided into 1:1 two groups, in which one group was for the Exploratory Factor Analysis and the other group was for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results: The results were as follows. First, for the Structure category, 18 evaluation indicators were developed into 4 evaluation categories such as a preliminary examination, education staff and organization, education environment and rules/ regulation. Secondly, the Activity category was comprised of 10 evaluation indicators with respect to 2 areas of curriculum satisfaction and program evaluation. Finally, for the Output category, 9 evaluation indicators were developed into 2 evaluation areas such as documentation and information share and education effects. Conclusions: The evaluation indicators developed through this study will possibly develop and be applied to evaluation tools on safety and health education program, which may further become the standardized indicators to better operate the industrial safety and health education programs.

Usability Evaluation Criteria and Methods of Road Safety Facilities - A Literature Review

( Jinsil Lee ),( Park Min Ju ),( Lee Jong Ho ),( Sun Hee Cho ),( Min-sun Kim ) 한국감성과학회 2017 한국감성과학회 국제학술대회(ICES) Vol.2017 No.-

This review aims to identify measures suitable for evaluation of usability for road safety facilities. A review of literature included articles that evaluated a road safety facilities for usability. Electronic databases, hand searches and internet sources were used. A total of 7 articles of usability evaluation of road safety facilities were retrieved through a search for an electronic databases, hand searches and internet sources, and evaluation criteria and evaluation methods were summarized. Quantitative evaluation criteria included ‘Error Rate’, ‘Completion Time’, ‘Visibility’, ‘Psychological Pressure’, ‘Visual Confusion’, ‘Eye Fatigue’, and ‘Satisfaction’. All of them were measured by the questionnaire method. And Qualitative evaluation criteria were ‘the Reason for Cognitive Error’ and ‘the Risk’ measured by interview method. There are limits of 7 articles that do not constitute a real environment or a virtual environment or experiment that tests real users to ensure usability in actual environment. In order to systematically evaluate the usability of road safety facilities in the future, it is necessary to categorize the evaluation criteria according to the purpose of evaluation, to derive appropriate evaluation methods for each category, and to construct a real environment or a virtual environment and to develop scenarios for the validity about evaluation.

체육교과 안전영역 수업의 과정중심평가 운영에 대한 사례 연구

김승환,김민규 한국국제문화교류학회 2023 문화교류와 다문화교육 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study is to provide the theoretical foundation and basic data necessary to operate good physical education classes on safety by presenting examples of process-based evaluation of physical education subject safety classes. Using the qualitative case study method was used, and four participants were selected to conduct interviews and observations, and process-oriented evaluation cases were collected in physical education classes in the safety area. The collected data were reconstructed and categorized as research text after finding patterns, plots, and topics, and authenticity was secured through consultation and review between qualitative research experts and fellow researchers. The results of this study are as follows. First, descriptive evaluation, second, oral evaluation, third, discussion and discussion evaluation, fourth, practical evaluation, fifth, observation evaluation, sixth, portfolio evaluation, seventh, the project evaluation was operated. This is a physical education class activity that helps learners express their knowledge, values, and functions, and focused on viewing the evaluation itself as one of the teaching and learning processes. Even in the curriculum to be revised, teachers should consider the factors of safety between all physical education curriculum activities, and lead the effect of learning by connecting them to appropriate process-based evaluation. This study suggested that teachers’ understanding of course-based evaluation policies, improving teacher evaluation rights, establishing an educational environment, establishing a cooperative system between teachers, managers, and scholarships, and training programs and feedback systems related to safety and process-based evaluation should be prepared. 본 연구의 목적은 체육교과 안전영역 수업의 과정중심평가 운영에 대한 사례를 제시함으로써 안전에 관한 더 나은 체육수업을 만들어 가는데 필요한 이론적 토대와 기초자료를 제공하는 것이다. 이를 위해 질적 사례 연구 방법을 활용하였으며, 4명의 연구참여자를 선정하여 심층면담, 관찰을 통해 안전영역 체육수업 내 과정중심평가 사례를수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 패턴과 줄거리, 주제를 찾아낸 후 연구 텍스트로 재구성 및범주화하였으며, 질적 연구 전문가 및 동료 연구자 간 협의와 검토를 통해 진실성을 확보하였다. 본 연구의 결과인 안전영역 체육수업 과정중심평가 사례는 첫째, 서술형 평가, 둘째, 구술평가, 셋째, 토론 및 토의 평가, 넷째, 실기평가, 다섯째, 관찰평가, 여섯째, 포트폴리오 평가, 일곱째, 프로젝트 평가를 운영한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 학습자로 하여금 지식과 가치, 기능을 발현시키는데 도움을 주는 수업활동이자 평가 자체를교수학습 과정의 하나로 보는데 중점을 두고 있었다. 향후 개정될 교육과정에서도 교사는 모든 체육교과 활동 간 안전에 대한 요소를 고려해야 하며, 이를 적절한 과정중심평가로 연결하여 학습의 효과를 이끌어가야 할 것이다. 본 연구의 제언으로는 과정중심평가 정책에 대한 교사의 명확한 인지, 교사의 평가권 개선과 교육적 환경 마련, 교사와 관리자, 장학사 간 협력체계 마련, 안전과 과정중심평가 관련 다양한 연수 프로그램과 피드백 시스템이 마련되어야 할 것을 제시하였다.

캠핑장 이용객을 위한 안전관리 시스템의 평가영역 개발

백승헌(Seung-Heon Baek),정루미(Ru-Mi Jeong),김기탁(Gi-Tak Kim) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2024 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.18 No.3

본 연구는 캠핑장 안전과 관련된 인식에 관한 평가영역을 명확하게 체계화하고 측정하여 안전한 캠핑문화 조성과 안전관리와 관련된 체계를 정립하는 데 중점을 두고 있다. 캠핑장 안전과 관련되어 과거 일관성 없이 제시된 안전관리 평가영역의 요인을 정형화하고 체계화하여 캠핑장에 적용 가능할 평가영역을 개발하고자 한다. 이는 안전사고를 예방하는데, 도움이 될 것이며 쾌적한 캠핑문화를 위한 기초자료를 제공할 것이다. 본 연구에서 활용된 분석은 2단계로 이루어졌는데 첫째는 문헌 조사를 활용해 캠핑장 안전, 캠핑장 안전관리 등과 관련된 문헌을 수집하였으며, 나타난 결과를 통해 캠핑장 안전관리 시스템의 개략적 범주화를 하였다. 두 번째는 FGI분석을 안전 관련전문가에게 실시 하였으며, 안전과 관련된 세부요인을 캠핑장의 특성에 맞게 평가지표를 수렴하고 재정리하여 캠핑장 안전관리 시스템 평가요인 및 영역을 도출하였다. 나타난 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 범주화의 결과에 나타난 영역으로는 시설 안전(9개 세부요인), 화재 안전(11개 세부요인), 긴급상황 시스템(7개 세부요인), 안전 안내판(8개 세부요인), 음식 및 위생 안전(11개 세부요인), 인적 안전 및 보안(9개 세부요인), 안전교육 훈련(8개 세부요인), 장소 및 자연적 안전(10개 세부요인)의 8가지 영역으로 분류되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 제시된 논의에 따라 각영역별 캠핑장 안전관리 시스템을 강화하기 위한 제도와 정책반영을 위해 재검토되어야 하겠고 캠핑장이용객의 쾌적한 캠핑문화를 조성하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다. This study focuses on establishing a system related to creating a safe camping culture and safety management by clearly systematizing and measuring the evaluation area regarding awareness related to camping site safety. We aim to develop an evaluation area that can be applied to camping sites by formalizing and systematizing the factors in the safety management evaluation area that have been presented inconsistently in the past in relation to camping site safety. This will help prevent safety accidents and provide basic data for a pleasant camping culture. The analysis used in this study was conducted in two stages. First, literature related to camping site safety and camping site safety management was collected using literature research, and the results were used to roughly categorize the camping site safety management system. Second, FGI analysis was conducted by safety-related experts, and evaluation indicators for safety-related detailed factors were collected and reorganized according to the characteristics of the campsite to derive the evaluation factors and areas of the campsite safety management system. The results are summarized as follows. The areas shown in the categorization results include facility safety (9 detailed factors), fire safety (11 detailed factors), emergency situation system (7 detailed factors), safety information signs (8 detailed factors), and food and hygiene safety. It was classified into eight areas: safety and security (11 detailed factors), human safety and security (9 detailed factors), safety education and training (8 detailed factors), and location and natural safety (10 detailed factors).

2차로 시설개량 사업의 도로 안전성 평가방법 연구

신철호,김낙석 대한토목학회 2019 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.39 No.1

Recently, the paradigm of road policy has been focused on user safety. Recently, the number of road facility improvement project hasbeen continuously increased but the economic feasibility (B/C ratio) is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to select a reasonable road improvement project through accurate and objective analysis of the road safety evaluation. In this study, to develop a new road safetyevaluation method, data were collected based on the current road safety evaluation method for 75 routes including national roads andprovincial ones. Based on the collected data, problems were analyzed and utilized as the basic factors of the new road safety evaluation method. Therefore, in this study, traffic accidents were reflected as a general evaluation item by weighing to solve these problems, and the evaluation items were added from experiences and ideas of the local public officials. For each evaluation item, a reasonable weight was determined through AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) questionnaire evaluation with highway experts. In addition, the safety index was determined based on the evaluation criteria for each evaluation item. The criteria for evaluating the danger zone aredetermined by the overall safety index. Finally, the criteria for selection of road improvement projects based on the overall risk levelwere derived. 최근 사회여건의 변화로 도로정책의 패러다임은 이용자 중심의 안전성 위주로 변화하고 있다. 최근 시설개량사업은 지속적인 증가 추이를 보이고 있으나 대부분 경제적 타당성 확보가 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 도로 안전성에 대한 객관적이고 타당한 분석을 통해 합리적인 시설개량 대상사업 선정이 절실히 요구되는 시점이다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 도로 안전성 평가기법 개발을 위해 국도, 국지도, 지방도 등 75개 노선에 대해 현행도로 안전성 평가기법을 토대로 데이터를 구축하였으며, 이렇게 구축된 데이터를 중심으로 문제점을 분석하여, 새로운 도로 안전성 평가기법의기초자료로 활용하였다. 본 연구에서는 교통사고발생현황을 가중치를 통해 일반 평가항목으로 추가하고, 지자체 공무원들의 문제 지적 및 건의사항 등을 통해 최종 평가항목을 확정하였다. 각 평가항목에 대해서는 전문가 AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) 설문 평가를 통해 합리적 가중치를 도출하였으며, 항목별 평가기준을 토대로 안전지수(Safety Index)를 결정하였다. 결정된 각 항목의 안전지수(SI)를 토대로, 각 안전지수의 곱인 종합 안전지수를 산출하였으며, 위험구간 판정 기준을 정립하였다. 또한, 위험구간 연장 비율인 종합위험도에 따른 시설개량 대상사업 선정 기준 도출 등 합리적이고 객관적인 도로 안전성 평가기법을 개발하였다.

영유아교육기관 건강ㆍ영양ㆍ안전 평가 지표 비교 연구 : 한국, 미국, 호주를 중심으로

김희진,한영미 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2022 교육과학연구 Vol.53 No.3

본 연구는 한국의 어린이집 평가제와 유치원 평가, 미국 NAEYC의 영유아교육 프로그램 인증 기준과 평가, 호주 ACECQA의 질 평가 기준 및 도구를 중심으로 영유아교육기관 건강ㆍ영양ㆍ안전 평가 지표의 구성과 평가 내용 및 방법을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 한국, 호주와 미국의 영유아교육기관 평가지표 및 선행연구를 기초로 하여 건강ㆍ영양ㆍ안전 내용 분석 기준을 선정하고 그에 따라 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 통해 영유아의 건강ㆍ영양ㆍ안전 교육에서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 영유아교육기관의 평가 개선 방향에 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 살펴보면 첫째, 한국, 호주와 미국의 영유아교육기관 평가 전체 지표 대비 건강ㆍ영양ㆍ안전 관련 지표는 13.30%에서 25.42%를 차지하고 있었으며, 미국을 제외하고 한국과 호주는 안전과 관련된 지표가 건강ㆍ영양ㆍ안전 중 가장 높은 비율을 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 건강ㆍ영양ㆍ안전 평가 지표 내용과 방법은 국가별로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 호주 ACECQA의 질 평가 기준 및 도구가 건강ㆍ영양ㆍ안전의 3가지 영역 모두에서 가장 많은 내용을 평가하는 지표를 포함하고 있었으며, 평가 방법 또한 다른 국가에 비해 영유아 관찰, 프로그램 관찰, 프로그램 서류 검토, 교직원 면담을 골고루 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 한국의 영유아교육기관 평가 지표를 개선해나갈 때 평가 지표의 내용과 더불어 평가 방법에 대해서도 심도 깊은 논의가 필요하며 궁극적으로 평가를 위한 평가가 아닌 실질적으로 영유아의 성장과 발달에 도움이 되는 영유아교육기관 평가가 이루어지도록 해야 할 것을 제안하였다. In this study, the composition, content, and method of evaluation of health, nutrition, and safety evaluation indicators of infant education institutions were examined, focusing on the evaluation of daycare centers and kindergartens in Korea, the Early Learning Program Accreditation Standards and Assessment Item in the United States, and ACECQA in Australia. Through this, the researchers intended to provide implications for the direction of improving the evaluation of early childhood education institutions, which play an important role in health, nutrition, and safety education. This study selected health, nutrition, and safety content analysis criteria based on evaluation indicators of infant education institutions in Korea, Australia, and the United States and conducted analyses accordingly. As a result of this study, first, health, nutrition, and safety-related indicators accounted for about 13.30% to 25.42% of the total, and except for the United States, Korea and Australia accounted for the highest proportion of health, nutrition, and safety. Second, it was found that the contents and methods of health, nutrition, and safety evaluation indicators differ by country. Australia included indicators that evaluated the most content, and it was found that the indicators were evaluated in various ways. Through the results of this study, when improving the evaluation index of infant education institutions in Korea, the evaluation method as well as the evaluation index need to be further discussed, and ultimately, it is suggested that education should be conducted in a way that helps the development of young children.

Case Study : Application of Specific Evaluation Criteria For Safety Circuit Design of EN ISO 13849-1

Hwansuk Jung(정환석),Dongju Lee(이동주) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2018 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.41 No.1

With the development of industrial technology and science, production and manufacturing facilities have been enhanced and improved, and the importance of the safety of workers has also been regulated and limited by various safety management methods. As a way to secure the safety of the workers from the production facility, the fail-safe and fool-proof methods are now being applied. Any possible insecure behavior and unsafe conditions can be removed by adopting the standards and specifications that are now secure the safety of workers and equipment. This research analyzes EN ISO 13849-1 international and European standards during CE certification. In order to secure acceptable reduced risks, the risk assessment process of ISO 12100 and the processes for reducing its risk are applied. In the current ISO 13849-1 standard, the criteria for the required performance level PLr (Required Performance Level) for the applicable risk and safety functions through the risk assessment are subjective and not subdivided. Therefore, the evaluation criteria are likely to cause judge’s judgement error due to qualitative judgement. This research focuses on evaluation and acceptable performance level setting for the safety circuit of the equipment. We propose an objective and specific evaluation criteria to secure safety, and the proposed evaluation criteria are applied to the case study of the safety circuit for the equipment. In order to secure the safety of the entire safety circuit, the improvement of the MTTFd and DC level related to the SRP/CS (Safety-Related Parts of Control Systems)’ lifetime is required for the future research.