운동 스트레스와 면역반응

이한,김완수,안응남,손태열,안의수 한국운동영양학회 1998 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.2 No.2

Immune functions are claimed to be affected by psychological stressors and physiological mechanism, which involves the close interaction between nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system. In particular, acute intensive exercise causes much larger changes in the concentration of circulating immune cells mid hormones than does psychological stress. Continuous exercises as physical stress are known to affect immune function through three specific pathways. In the first pathway, the secretion of ACTH is promoted by stimulating the HPA axis, and catecholamines secreted in adrenal medulla and glucocorticoirds secreted in adrenal cortex affect immune functions. In the second pathway, immune function are affected by increasing the level of ACTH, β-endorphin, growth hormone (GH), and prolactin through the interaction of nervous system and endocrine system. In the third pathway, immune functions are affected through direct influence of lymphoid organ or sympathetic nervous system Besides, immune functions may be affected by the immune parameters like cytoldnes and external environment. Previous researchers reported that continuous exercise with moderate intensity is an important factor in the change of immune response. Although recently a great number of researches have been carried out about the correlation of nervous system, endocrine system and immune system, their exact mechanism is yet to be worked out, requiring further researches in the future. It may not be an exaggeration to say that life in the modern world is life under stress. It is generally approved that one of the most efficient ways to resolve stress is exercise. However, since exercise itself can act as distress weakening immune functions, it is very important to carry out continuous researches to find out the influence of exercise on immune functions in the light of exercise immunology.

스트림 암호에서 높은 비선형도의 상관면역함수의 설계와 그의 안전성 분석

양정모(Jeong-mo Yang) 한국정보보호학회 2007 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.17 No.4

상관면역함수 f 를 만드는 방법으로 Siegenthaler의 방법, Camion의 방법과 Seberry의 방법 등이 있다. 이 중에서 Seberry의 방법은 Hadamard 행렬이론을 이용하여 상관면역함수를 만드는 것으로, 임의의 상관면역도의 균형상관면역함수를 만드는 방법을 제공하였다. 본 논문에서는 저차원의 벡터공간에서 만들어진 여러 개의 상관면역함수를 조합하여 고차원 벡터공간위에서 상당히 비도가 높은 함수를 설계하는 Seberry의 방법들을 연구하였고, 그 함수들의 비선형도를 계산하였다. 즉, 두 개의 함수의 직합으로 설계된 새로운 상관면역함수와 네 개의 함수의 조합으로 설계된 새로운 상관면역함수의 비선형도가 각각의 이전 함수들과 비교하여 더 높은 비선형도를 갖는다는 것을 보였다. 또한 위의 방법을 응용하여 상대적으로 비도가 높은 상관공격으로부터 안전한 스트림암호에서 사용되는 함수들을 설계하였다. There are various methods constructing correlation immune functions such as Siegenthaler's, Camion et al's and Seberry et al's. In particular, Seberry et al's is a method which directly constructs balanced correlation immune functions of any order using the theory of Hadamard matrices. In this paper, we have studied Seberry et al's method for constructing a correlation immune function on a higher dimensional space by combining known correlation immune functions on a lower dimensional space. Futhermore, we calculated the nonlinearity of functions which are constructed by combining of several correlation immune functions. That is, we have shown that the direct sum of two correlation immune functions and a combination of four correlation immune functions have higher nonlinearity in comparison with each functions. This functions in stream cipher are safe against correlation attacks.

면역기능향상을 위한 운동처방학적 접근

나재철(Na Jae Cheol) 한국사회체육학회 2003 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study was to measure the responses immune Cell when male collegians exercise for a long period of time (70 min) with the intensity of 60%VO_2max . And gaining some data for composing exercise prescription program on the immune function improvement. It is observed that the number of leukocytes and the percentage and absolute number of neutrophils are found to have a sugnificant(p<.01) increase, respectively after recovery-60 min, recovery-120min. However, the percentage and absolute number of lymphocyte are found to have a significant(p<0.1) decrease, respectively after recovery-60, -120min. As compares to the pre-exercise, the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte of recovery-60, -120min is significant(p<.01) increased. The percentage of T,B,T4 cell and T4/T8 ratio are found to have a significant(p<.01) decrease, immediately after exercise. The absolute number of T4 cell and T8 cell are found to have a significant(p<.01) reduce, respectively recovery-60, -120min. In contrast, the percentage and the absolute number of NK cells are significant(p<.01) increase during exercise and immediately after exercise. The result of this investigation suggested that longterm submaximal exercise with the intensity of 60%VO_2max is demonstrated to have a positive effect in the promotion of innate immune function in male collegians, while to have a negative effect in the acquired immune function. Further studies are needed to elucidate the resonable intensity establishment for the enhancement of immune function.

Nutritional modulation of age-related changes in the immune system and risk of infection

Pae, Munkyong,Wu, Dayong Elsevier 2017 Nutrition research Vol.41 No.-

<P>The immune system undergoes some adverse alterations during aging, many of which have been implicated in the increased morbidity and mortality associated with infection in the elderly. In addition to intrinsic changes to the immune system with aging, the elderly are more likely to have poor nutritional status, which further impacts the already impaired immune function. Although the elderly often have low zinc serum levels, several manifestations commonly observed during zinc deficiency are similar to the changes in immune function with aging. In the case of vitamin E, although its deficiency is rare, the intake above recommended levels is shown to enhance immune functions in the elderly and to reduce the risk of acquiring upper respiratory infections in nursing home residents. Vitamin D is a critical vitamin in bone metabolism, and its deficiency is far more common, which has been linked to increased risk of infection as demonstrated in a number of observational studies including those in the elderly. In this review, we focus on zinc, vitamin E, and vitamin D, the 3 nutrients which are relatively well documented for their roles in impacting immune function and infection in the elderly, to discuss the findings in this context reported in both the observational studies and interventional clinical trials. A perspective will be provided based on the analysis of information under review. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

COVID-19 팬데믹과 식품의 면역조절 기능

김근동,이소영,신희순,Kim, Gun-Dong,Lee, So-Young,Shin, Hee Soon 한국식품과학회 2022 식품과학과 산업 Vol.55 No.3

Coronavirus, known as one of the causes of colds including mild upper respiratory tract disease in humans, has mutated into the infectious severe disease, COVID-19 through SARS and MERS. The mortality and symptoms of COVID-19 are related to the ability to regulate innate immunity, which acts as the first barrier against microorganisms and viruses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for food that helps to strengthen immunity is rapidly increasing. Functional foods promote general health and alleviate the risk of disease symptoms by activating multiple biological functions. A recent, there is an interest in discovering functional substances that can induce enhancement of immunity and prevent viral infection as well as relieve disease symptoms. Therefore, this article focus to understand the concept of immune response and highlights the recent status of functional foods and research trends that can help prevent and treat viral infections by inducing the enhancement of immune function.

인문,사회과학편 : 한국민속춤이 여성노인의 신체, 인지 및 면역기능에 미치는 영향

이지현(JiHyunLee),김상국(SangKookKim) 한국체육학회 2016 한국체육학회지 Vol.55 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 한국민속춤 활동이 여성 노인들의 건강과 관련된 신체, 인지, 그리고 면역 기능에 대한 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 연구 대상자는 S시 노인복지관 공개모집을 통해 자발적 참여를 원하는 65세-83세 사이 여성노인16명을 무작위 표집을 통해 실험집단과 비교집단으로 각각 8명씩 나누었다. 실험집단은 12주간 주3회 매회 60분간 한국민속춤을 실시하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 신체기능에서 하지 근력, 하지 유연성, 전신지구력, 민첩성 및 동적유연성이 통계적으로 유의하게 향상된 것으로 나타났다(p< .05). 그러나 상지근력, 상지유연성의 변화는 있었지만, 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(p >.05). 둘째, 인지기능인 MMSE-K는 유의하게 상승하였으나(p< .05),BDNF는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p >.05). 셋째, 면역기능과 관련된 노화호르몬인 성장호르몬과 Melatonin은 통계적으로 유의하게 향상되었지만(p< .05), DHEA-s는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p >.05). 이러한 결과로 한국민속춤은 음악을 들으며 춤을 추는 신체 활동으로 여성노인들의 신체, 인지 및 면역기능에 부분적 향상을 가져왔다. 따라서 한국 민속춤은 고령화 사회를 대비하여 여성 노인들의 여가는 물론 건강증진의 새로운 방향을 모색하는데 중요한 지표는 물론, 삶의 질 향상에 지대한 영향을 미친다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using a Korean folk dance approach on physical, cognitive and immune function of female elderly. Sixteen subjects(age 65 and over) who were the members of the Senior Welfare Center in S City participated voluntarily in this study. Participants with pretest-posttest of quasi-experimental design were randomly assigned to participate in a Korean folk dance group(experimental group) and a daily activity group(control group). The experimental group participated in the Korean folk dance program 3 times (60 minutes per session) a week for 12 weeks. Results indicated that the Korean folk dance group improved in terms of the muscular strength and flexibility of lower part, the general endurance, and the agility and dynamic coordination(p< .05). No significant differences were observed in the upper part of the muscular strength and flexibility test (p >.05). In addition, the experimental group’s cognition variables with the operation storage and rhythm activities were also significantly improved compared with the control group (p<.05). Finally, the experimental group’s immune function’s variables with growth hormone (GH) and melatonin were significantly increased (p<.05). However, in terms of immune function with DeHydroEpiAndrosterone- sulfate (DHEA-s), there was no significant difference between the pre and post tests in the both groups. In conclusion, these findings support the use of Korean folk dance as an effective means of physical activity for improving physical function as well as cognitive and immune functions partially in female elderly.

태극권 운동이 여성 노인의 일상 체력과 면역 기능에 미치는 영향

장징이 ( Jing-yi Zhang ),김경래 ( Kyeong-lae Kim ),서한교 ( Han-kyo Seo ),안민지 ( Min-ji An ) 한국리듬운동학회 2019 한국리듬운동학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data necessary for development of TaiChi exercise program and to provide basic data for the health maintenance of the elderly women by analyzing the effects of 18weeks TaiChi on physical fitness and immune functions of elderly women. 30 female subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups, i.e., TaiChi exercise training group 15, control group 15. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects before enrollment into this study. All subjects participated in pre-test and post-test, that is., physical fitness test(muscle strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, range of motion and balance), and immune functions test(IL-2, IFN-γ, IgM, IgA and IgG). Exercise training was performed 5 times per week, for 60minutes each time, for 18 weeks. A paired-sample t-test and an independent-sample t-test were conducted with the SPSS Ver. 23.0 statistic program to test of physical fitness and immune functions and differences in changes between the groups before and after exercise. The results of this study were as follows. Firts, in the changes of physical fitness variables after 18 weeks exercise training, there improved significantly of cardiovascular endurance, range of motion and balance in elderly women. Exercise group revealed exhibited significant differences statistically, but control group showed few changes during the experiment. Second, in the changes of immune functions variables after 18 weeks exercise training, there increased significantly of IFN-γ, IgA, IgG. Exercise group revealed exhibited significant differences statistically, but control group showed few changes during the experiment. In conclusion, TaiChi exercise program for 18 weeks improved in physical fitness in elderly women and positively affected immune functions-related cytokine and immunoglobulin.

면역체계와 연관된 척추의 잠재적 역할에 대한 통찰

조일영,최현석 대한산업경영학회 2023 산업융합연구 Vol.21 No.2

비정상적인 척추 질환 및 기능은 단순한 근·골격계 문제 외에도 항상성을 방해하고 직·간접적인 생리적 부작용을 일 으킬 수 있다. 특히 척추를 통해 나오는 신경이 면역체계를 조절하는 기관에 적절한 신호를 전달하지 못하면 면역 기능의 일 부 또는 전부에 문제가 생겨 더 많은 질병에 노출될 수 있다. 이 연구는 기본적인 해부학 및 생리학적 지식에 초점을 맞추고 척추 기능이 잠재적으로 면역 기능을 유지하거나 개선하는 데 도움이 될 수 있는 잠재적 메커니즘을 고찰하고자 한다. 이를 위해 조혈, 스트레스, 호흡, 척추와 신경의 관계, 면역체계와 관련된 척추의 역할을 살펴보고 이러한 역할이 면역기능에 영향 을 미칠 수 있음을 확인한다. Abnormal spinal disease and function, in addition to simple musculoskeletal problems, can disrupt homeostasis and cause direct and indirect physiological side effects. Part or all of the immune function can be compromised, exposing you to more disease, especially if the nerves running through your spine do not deliver the proper signals to the organs that regulate your immune system. This study focuses on basic anatomic and physiological knowledge and seeks to consider potential mechanisms by which spinal function may potentially help maintain or improve immune function. To this end, we examine the roles of the spine in relation to hematopoiesis, stress, respiration, spine-nerve relationships, and the immune system, and confirm that these roles may influence immune function.

Efficacy of immune-strengthening functional drinks in top-level athletes: a questionnaire survey-based research

( Minchul Lee ),( Jin-Sook Lee ),( Kyunghee Kim ),( Chanju Kim ) 한국운동영양학회 2021 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.25 No.3

[Purpose] Functional beverages are intended to support those who want to maintain optimal physical condition and improve their quality of life through the enhancement of heart health, immunity, and digestion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of top-level athletes consuming immune- strengthening conditioning nutritional drinks. [Methods] A total of 107 top-level athletes (baseball (56 players), pro volleyball (17), athletics (16), cycling (8), golf (6), and fencing (6)) participated in the experiment. They consumed an immune-enhancing functional beverage once a day for 8 weeks and responded to a survey before, during, and after drinking the beverage. [Results] Three total aspect-based subfactors were drawn from 24 questions in the factor analysis: physical, satisfaction with mental stability, and activity in performance. The physical, mental stability and performance changes of athletes significantly increased in period 2 (4 weeks after intake) and period 3 (after 8 weeks of intake). [Conclusion] We evaluated the efficacy of a new conditioned beverage containing Lactobacillus B240 and protein in improving the performance and physiological utility of top athletes. This functional drink may gain popularity among those seeking health benefits and improved exercise performance.

Innate Immune-Enhancing Effect of Pinus densiflora Pollen Extract via NF-κB Pathway Activation

Sehyeon Jang,San Kim,Se Jeong Kim,Jun Young Kim,Da Hye Gu,Bo Ram So,Jung A Ryu,Jeong Min Park,Sung Ran Yoon,Sung Keun Jung The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2024 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.34 No.3

Considering the emergence of various infectious diseases, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), people's attention has shifted towards immune health. Consequently, immune-enhancing functional foods have been increasingly consumed. Hence, developing new immune-enhancing functional food products is needed. Pinus densiflora pollen can be collected from the male red pine tree, which is commonly found in Korea. P. densiflora pollen extract (PDE), obtained by water extraction, contained polyphenols (216.29 ± 0.22 mg GAE/100 g) and flavonoids (35.14 ± 0.04 mg CE/100 g). PDE significantly increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) but, did not exhibit cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. Western blot results indicated that PDE induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. PDE also significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of cytokines and the phosphorylation of IKKα/β and p65, as well as the activation and degradation of IκBα. Additionally, western blot analysis of cytosolic and nuclear fractions and immunofluorescence assay confirmed that the translocation of p65 to the nucleus after PDE treatment. These results confirmed that PDE increases the production of cytokines, NO, and ROS by activating NF-κB. Therefore, PDE is a promising nutraceutical candidate for immune-enhancing functional foods.