한국의진균자원센터 (KCMF)의 역할과 운영체계

김영권 대한의진균학회 2008 대한의진균학회지 Vol.13 No.4

In general, fungi including yeast and filamentous form, locate in soil, water, plant, animal and human. Fungi can be survived almost in every environmental conditions and be useful or harmful for humans. Some human pathogenic fungi may infection immunocompromised peoples and/or susceptible hosts causing hypersensitivity disease, mycotoxicoses, which can be induced by mycotoxins, and mycoses. Mycoses are classified into four classes, such as superficial and/or cutaneous mycoses, subcutaneous mycoses, opportunistic mycoses, and systemic or deep seated mycoses. Recently, due to the increasement of immune system defective patients which are usually caused by HIV infection, transplant and cancer, opportunistic systemic fungal infection has been dramatically elevated. Fast diagnose system and early antifungal treatments are required because the morbidity and mortality of these systemic infections are very high. Although these opportunistic infections caused by mainly Candida, Aspergillus and Cryptococcus spp. are getting higher, no culture collection and/or strain bank for the infectious fungal strains are operated in Korea. These situations allows us to establish a novel Korean collection of medical fungi (KCMF) for their genetic materials. KCMF will be a hub for human pathogenic fungal strains isolated in Korea and will serve to studies of clinical and basic mycological research as well as to maintain various mutants and varieties which could be useful for develop new antifungal agents and drug discovery. The successful Korean Collection of Medical Fungi (KCMF) will contribute to; 1. Create informative world-wide culture collection of clinically isolated fungal strains. 2. Obtain various medical mycological materials as well as antifungal agent resistant strains for studying fungi-related topics including novel antifungal agents. 3. Create world-wide network for the researchers who study medical mycology and provide workshop and various information for the fungal community. The purpose of establish a novel Korean collection of medical fungi(KCMF) is to isolate, classify, and collect human pathogenic fungal strains, isolated from human clinical specimens from superficial and systemic infections. Furthermore, maintaining a culture collection for Korean specific clinical isolates and resistant strains of antifungal agents. In general, fungi including yeast and filamentous form, locate in soil, water, plant, animal and human. Fungi can be survived almost in every environmental conditions and be useful or harmful for humans. Some human pathogenic fungi may infection immunocompromised peoples and/or susceptible hosts causing hypersensitivity disease, mycotoxicoses, which can be induced by mycotoxins, and mycoses. Mycoses are classified into four classes, such as superficial and/or cutaneous mycoses, subcutaneous mycoses, opportunistic mycoses, and systemic or deep seated mycoses. Recently, due to the increasement of immune system defective patients which are usually caused by HIV infection, transplant and cancer, opportunistic systemic fungal infection has been dramatically elevated. Fast diagnose system and early antifungal treatments are required because the morbidity and mortality of these systemic infections are very high. Although these opportunistic infections caused by mainly Candida, Aspergillus and Cryptococcus spp. are getting higher, no culture collection and/or strain bank for the infectious fungal strains are operated in Korea. These situations allows us to establish a novel Korean collection of medical fungi (KCMF) for their genetic materials. KCMF will be a hub for human pathogenic fungal strains isolated in Korea and will serve to studies of clinical and basic mycological research as well as to maintain various mutants and varieties which could be useful for develop new antifungal agents and drug discovery. The successful Korean Collection of Medical Fungi (KCMF) will contribute to; 1. Create informative world-wide culture collection of clinically isolated fungal strains. 2. Obtain various medical mycological materials as well as antifungal agent resistant strains for studying fungi-related topics including novel antifungal agents. 3. Create world-wide network for the researchers who study medical mycology and provide workshop and various information for the fungal community. The purpose of establish a novel Korean collection of medical fungi(KCMF) is to isolate, classify, and collect human pathogenic fungal strains, isolated from human clinical specimens from superficial and systemic infections. Furthermore, maintaining a culture collection for Korean specific clinical isolates and resistant strains of antifungal agents.

표재성 및 심재성 진균증의 진단에 있어서 Fungi - FluorR solution 염색의 유용성에 관한 연구

권경술,임채성,장호선,정태안,오창근 ( Kyung Sool Kwon,Chae Sung Yim,Ho Sun Jang,Tae Ahn Chung,Chang Keun Oh ) 대한피부과학회 1997 대한피부과학회지 Vol.35 No.5

Background: Mycoses of deep tissues requir e prompt recognition and early institution of treatment. Sometimes, it is quite difficult to find fungal elements in tissue section with special stains and to culture on Sabouraud media. Previously it has been shown that Fungi-Fluor solution (calcofluor white) bind t fungi present in frozen and paraffin tissue sections. Fungi present in such specimens stained with Fungi-Fluor solution have a distinct green-blue fluorescence when examined by fluorescent microscopy. Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of the Fungi-Fluor solution for detecting fungal element in the tissue. Methods : Fungi-Fluor staining was done with a paraffin-embedded tissue section of several superficial and cutaneous deep mycoses. Then we viewed this through a fluorescent microscope with excitation of 250-400 nm and compared these staining results to PAS staining. Results: The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. In the several superficial mycoses such as tinea corporis & tinea capitis, Fungi-Fluor staining method revealed more fungal elements with high sensitivity compared to PAS stain. 2. In the several cutaneous deep mycoses such as sporotrichosis, Fungi-Fluor staining method revealed more fungal elements than PAS stain, and revealed some fungal elements which were not detected by PAS stain. Conclusion : The Fungi- fluor staining solution is a rapid, inexpensive, highly sensitive method to detect fungal element in the tissue. (Korean J Dermatol 1997;35(5): 870-876)

서울시 일부 지역의 대기 중 부유 진균의 분포 특성

김기연,김대근,Kim, Ki-Youn,Kim, Dae-Keun 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.5

Objectives: This study was performed to assess based on field investigation the distribution characteristics of airborne fungi in an area of Seongdong-gu, Seoul. Methods: Three sites, a living area, forest and traffic site, were selected for evaluation of monthly level of outdoor airborne fungi. An on-site survey was executed between January 2009 and December 2009. During the experimental period, air sampling was performed every month in the afternoon (2:00 pm-5:00 pm) using a cascade impactor. Results: Outdoor airborne fungi measured in Seoul, Korea over one year showed a concentration range from 850CFU $m^{-3}$ to 15,200CFU $m^{-3}$. The mean respirable fraction of outdoor airborne fungi was 67% compared to total concentration. Regardless of measurement site, there was no significant concentration difference in outdoor airborne fungi between periods of yellow dust and non-yellow dust (p>0.05). There was no significant correlation relationship between outdoor airborne fungi and atmospheric factors such as temperature and relative humidity. The predominant genera of airborne fungi identified were Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Paecilomyces and Penicillium. Conclusion: Monthly levels of outdoor airborne fungi were highest in April and November and lowest in August. In seasonal concentration distribution, the autumn showed the highest level of outdoor airborne fungi, followed by spring, summer and winter. In regional concentration distribution, the highest level of outdoor airborne fungi was generally found in the forest, followed by the living area and traffic site.

전국 다중이용시설의 실내공기 부유 곰팡이의 현황 및 특성 분석

박용성(Yongsung Park),권순현(Soonhyun Kwon),박송이(Song-Yi Park),기선호(Sun-Ho Kee),윤원석(Wonsuck Yoon) 한국환경보건학회 2022 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.48 No.5

Background: Airborne fungi are ubiquitous in the air and exposure to an airborne fungus can be a significant risk factor. The composition of fungi has been potentially important for human health, especially for respiratory diseases like asthma and atopic dermatitis. Therefore, we attempted to ascertain what kind of airborne fungi affect human health at a nationwide level. Objectives: This study was carried out to provide information on indoor fungi distribution at multi-use facilities throughout South Korea. Methods: We classified our data by region and public facility after collection, cultivation, and identification via the sequencing of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region. We investigated whether or not the proliferation of HaCaT cells was affected by the identified airborne fungi. Results: In our data, the most isolated airborne fungi by region were Penicillium spp (Seoul, Daegu), Periconia sp (Gyeonggi-do), Iprex sp (Gangwon-do), Phanerochaete sp (Busan), Bjerkandera sp (Gwangju), and Aspergillus sp (Jeju-do). In the public facilities, the most detected fungi were Cladosporium sp (public transport), Penicillium sp (apartment house, retail market, financial institution, karaoke room), Bjerokandera sp (underground parking lot, public toilet, medical institution), Periconia sp (retail store), and Fusarium sp (general restaurant). Next, we selected twenty airborne fungi to examine their cytotoxicity and proliferation of human skin cells. In this experiment, the proliferation of the cells was influenced by most of the identified fungi. In case of the cytotoxicity test, most genera except for Rhodotorula sp and Moesziomyces sp showed cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells. Conclusions: The distribution of mold in the indoor air in multi-use facilities in South Korea differs from region to region, and this is an indicator that should be considered in future health impact studies. In addition, as a result of culturing about 20 types of bacteria dominant in indoor air, it was found that most (90%) inhibit the growth of skin cells, which can be harmful to health. An in-depth study of the health effects of floating fungi is needed.

Optimal media for selective isolation of entomopathogenic fungi

Tae Young Shin,Sung Min Bae,Jae Bang Choi,Ye Rim Cha,Hyun Na Koom,Soo Dong Woo 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

In agricultural fields, the entomopathogenic fungal species have been investigated for their potential as the biological control agents due to their role of natural enemies for insects. Until recent times, most of the studies for these fungi have been based on isolation from insect cadaver or soil. However, these methods, especially isolation from soil, might cause a problem involving differential isolation of the each entomopathogenic fungi. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal isolation medium for entomopathogenic fungi using dodine, chitin, and skim milk. The growth rates of entomopathogenic fungi and non-entomopathogenic fungi were compared on dodine agar medium. The medium for this experiment was modified Veen semiselective medium which consisted of based on SDA (Sabouraund Dextrose Agar), 100 mg/ml for chloramphenicol, 50 mg/ml for streptomycin and adjusted dodine to 40, 50, 70 and 100 mg/ml. As a result, optimal concentration of dodine for isolation of entomopathogenic fungi was 50 mg/ml and 168 positive entomopathogenic fungi were isolated in 470 soil samples and 11 cadavers of insect. In addition, the isolates had significantly greater chitinase and protease activity than non-entomopathogenic fungi. The isolation method described represents a valuable tool for rapid and simple isolation of entomopathogenic fungi. These positive entomopathogenic fungi may have potential against variety pests in agriculture.

Etest를 이용한 흑색진균의 항진균제 감수성 검사

고우태,하경임,서무규 대한의진균학회 2009 대한의진균학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Background: Despite the increase of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi, the antifungal susceptibility of these fungi has been the little study. It is necessary to perform antifungal susceptibility testing of dematiaceous fungi. Etest (AB Biodisk, Sweden) is a rapid, easy-to-perform in-vitro antifungal susceptibility test. Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) of dematiaous fungi isolated from skin lesion using Etest. Methods: The dematiaceous fungal strains studied were nine clinical isolates of chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis agents (3 strains of Exophiala dermatitidis, 4 strains of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, 2 strains of Exophiala jeanselmei) and two standard strains (Aspergillus flavus KCTC 6905, Aspergillus fumigatus KCTC 6145). MIC endpoints of Etest for amphotericin B (AMB) and itraconazole (ITZ) susceptibility were read after 72, 96, and 120 hours incubation for each isolates on RPMI 1640 agar. Results: MIC of AMB was 0.125~1.0 μg/mL on E. dermatitidis & F. pedrosoi, and 0.19~0.25 μg/ mL on E. jeanselmei. MIC of ITZ was 0.38~1.5 μg/mL on E. dermatitidis, 0.016~0.125 μg/mL on F. pedrosoi, and 0.064~0.25 μg/mL on E. jeanselmei. Two strains of E. dermatitidis isolated from Korean patients with phaeohyphomycosis showed ITZ-resistant. Conclusion: This study showed that Etest represented a simple and efficacious method for antifungal susceptibility testing of dematiaceous fungi. Background: Despite the increase of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi, the antifungal susceptibility of these fungi has been the little study. It is necessary to perform antifungal susceptibility testing of dematiaceous fungi. Etest (AB Biodisk, Sweden) is a rapid, easy-to-perform in-vitro antifungal susceptibility test. Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) of dematiaous fungi isolated from skin lesion using Etest. Methods: The dematiaceous fungal strains studied were nine clinical isolates of chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis agents (3 strains of Exophiala dermatitidis, 4 strains of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, 2 strains of Exophiala jeanselmei) and two standard strains (Aspergillus flavus KCTC 6905, Aspergillus fumigatus KCTC 6145). MIC endpoints of Etest for amphotericin B (AMB) and itraconazole (ITZ) susceptibility were read after 72, 96, and 120 hours incubation for each isolates on RPMI 1640 agar. Results: MIC of AMB was 0.125~1.0 μg/mL on E. dermatitidis & F. pedrosoi, and 0.19~0.25 μg/ mL on E. jeanselmei. MIC of ITZ was 0.38~1.5 μg/mL on E. dermatitidis, 0.016~0.125 μg/mL on F. pedrosoi, and 0.064~0.25 μg/mL on E. jeanselmei. Two strains of E. dermatitidis isolated from Korean patients with phaeohyphomycosis showed ITZ-resistant. Conclusion: This study showed that Etest represented a simple and efficacious method for antifungal susceptibility testing of dematiaceous fungi.

느타리버섯 배지로부터 느타리버섯 균사의 성장을 돕는 고온성 곰팡이의 분리 및 동정

이호용,현성희 한국미생물학회 2000 미생물학회지 Vol.36 No.1

버섯을 재배하는데 있어 버섯 균사의 성장은 고온성 곰팡이의 성장과 밀접한 연관이 있다. 느타리버섯 재배용 배지의 후발효 과정에서 느타리균사에 대하여 성장촉진 효과를 나타내는 7종의 thermophilic fungi를 순수분리 하였다. 각 7종의 thermophilic fungi모두 PDA(potato dextrose agar) 배지, $50^{\circ}C$에서 균사의 최적성장을 나타내었으며, 그 중 S-1, S-2 균주가 균사성장률이 가장 높았다. 또한 느타리버섯 폐면 배지에서도 좋은 성장을 나타내 우수한 고온성 후발효 균주로의 사용 가능성이 기대되었다. 액체배양 시 배지의 최초 pH는 pH 7.0- pH 10.0까지 다양한 구간에서 최적상태를 나타내었으나, pH 8.0또는 pH 9.0의 약알칼리 환경에서 잘 자랐으며, 배양 후 배지의 pH는 pH 5.5-6.0의 약산성을 띄었다. 이러한 최적환경에서 성장률을 측정한 결과 S-2 균주가 높은 성장률(0.47-0.50g/10 days)을 나타내었다. 형태적인 분류법에 따라 분류한 결과 S-1 균류는 Trichophyton sp.으로 동정되었으며, 이 외의 6 균주는 Sepedonium sp으로 분류되었다. 느타리버섯 후발효 과정에서 나타난 고온성 곰팡이들의 분포는 양송이 배지 숙성과정에 나타나는 고온성 곰팡이들의 분포와는 매우 달랐다. 이는 배지 성분 차이에 따른 생태적 차이로 판단되었다. Some of thermophilic fungi which has growth-promoting effect on Pleurotus ostreatus were isolated from compost during high temperature fermentation process. The temperature optima of 7 isolated thermophilic fungi were $50^{\circ}C$ on PDA media. Isolated strains S-1 and S-2 have the best mycelial growing rate, so these isolates were expected as excellent thermophilic fungi for high temperature composting and mycelial growing of oyster mushroom. In liquid culture, the optimal pH of thermophilic fungi observed variously, pH 7.0-10.0 but most of thermophilic fungi grow well in pH 8.0-pH 9.0 and the final pH of media after cultured was done pH 5.5-6.0. In liquid culture of thermophilic fungi on the optimal condition, S-2 have the best mycelial growing rate. The growing rate of thermophilic fungi S-1, S-2, S-5, and S-10 on lignocellulosic substrates was good but Humicola grisea var. thermoidea, well know thermophilic fungi which has growth-promoting effect on Agaricus bisporus, was poor and which was well grown on PDA at $50^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0. Isolated strain S-1 was identified as Trichophyton sp. and other 6 strains were identified as Sepedonium sp. by morphological characteristics.

조갑 진균증의 진단에 있어 KOH 도말검사, 배양검사, KONCPA법 및 Fungi-Fluor^� 염색법의 비교관찰

권경술,임채성,장호선,오창근,정태안 대한의진균학회 1998 대한의진균학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Background: Onychomycosis is common nail problem and requires administration of antifungal agent for long period. But several cutaneous diseases can produce similar nail changes and an inexpensive, quick and sensitive test is essential for screening nail specimens. Recently, there have been several reports of new method for diagnosing onychomycosis and Fungi-Fluor?? stain, which had been used to detect fungal elements in the tissue, was not used for diagnosing onychomycosis. Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of the new method using Fungi-Fluor?? solution for the diagnosis of onychomycosis, and compare with other methods. Methods: During the study period, nail samples obtained from 72 patients with onychomycosis were tested for Fungi-Fluor?? solution and the results of that were compared with those of KOH smear, fungal colure and KONCPA test. Results: The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The positive rates of conventional KOH nail scraping preparation, fungal culture, KONCPA and Fungi-Fluor?? staining were 47.2%, 40.3%, 77.8%, and 86.1%, respectively. 2. Fungi-Fluor?? staining proved to be less time-consuming than KONCPA test. 3. Compared to KONCPA and Fungi-Fluor?? staining, KOH preparation and fungal culture showed high false positive rate. 4. Though both KONCPA and Fungi-Fluor?? staining showed higher positive rate in toenail than fingemail, there were no statistic significance. Conclusion: The Fungi-Fluor?? solution staining is rapid, inexpensive, and highly sensitive method to detect fungal elements in the nails.

가정 내 부유 진균의 농도와 관련 요인

조용민,류승훈,최민석,서성철,정지태,최재욱,Cho, YongMin,Ryu, SeungHun,Choi, Min Seok,Seo, SungChul,Choung, Ji Tae,Choi, Jae Wook 한국환경보건학회 2013 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.39 No.5

Objectives: This study was performed in order to determine airborne fungi levels in homes and find related factors that may affect airborne fungi concentration. Methods: Fifty homes were study subjects for measuring airborne fungi. For sampling airborne fungi, the impaction method on agar plates was used and samples were counted as colony forming units per cubic meter of air ($CFU/m^3$). In addition, information regarding housing characteristics and atopic disease in each home were collected via questionnaire. Results: The geometric means (GM) of airborne fungi concentrations in fifty living rooms and bedrooms were 68.03 and 62.93 $CFU/m^3$, respectively. The GM of airborne fungi concentration in atopy homes was 78.42 $CFU/m^3$. This was higher than non-atopy homes' 54.34 $CFU/m^3$ (p-value=0.051). In the results of the multiple regression analysis, outdoor airborne fungal concentration proved a strong effective factor on indoor airborne fungal concentration. Also, construction year, floor area of house, indoor smoking and frequency of ventilation were factors that showed a significant association with indoor airborne fungi concentration. Conclusions: The results of this study show that some housing and living characteristics may affect the development and increase of airborne fungi. In addition, exposure to airborne fungi may be a risk factor for the prevalence of childhood atopic diseases.

Five New Wood Decay Fungi (Polyporales and Hymenochaetales) in Korea

( Nam Kyu Kim ),( Jae Young Park ),( Myung Soo Park ),( Hyun Lee ),( Hae Jin Cho ),( John A. Eimes ),( Changmu Kim ),( Young Woon Lim ) 한국균학회 2016 Mycobiology Vol.44 No.3

The wood decay fungi are a diverse taxonomic group that plays a pivotal role in forest carbon cycling. Wood decay fungi use various enzymatic pathways to digest dead or living wood in order to obtain carbon and other nutrients and these enzymatic systems have been exploited for both industrial and medical applications. Over 600 wood decay fungi species have been described in Korea; however, the recent application of molecular markers has dramatically altered the taxonomy of many of these wood decay fungi at both the genus and species levels. By combining molecular methods, specifically sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region, with traditional morphological characters, this study identified five new species records for Korea in five genera: Aurantiporus, Favolus, Neofavolus, Loweomyces, and Hymenochaetopsis. Three of these genera (Aurantiporus, Favolus, and Loweomyces) were previously unknown in Korea. The relatively simple morphology of the wood decay fungi often leads to ambiguous taxonomic assignment. Therefore, molecular markers are a necessary component of any taxonomic or evolutionary study of wood decay fungi. Our study highlights the need for a more robust and multifaceted approach in investigating new wood decay fungi in Korea.