직파 및 이식재배 유형에 따른 산양삼의 생육특성 연구

김기윤,정대희,김현준,전권석,김만조,엄유리 한국자원식물학회 2019 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.32 No.2

본 연구는 고품질 산양삼의 표준재배기술 개발을 위해 직파및 이식재배에 따른 산양삼의 생육특성을 조사하여 재배유형이산양삼의 생육에 미치는 효과를 구명하고자 하였다. 재배유형별 처리구에 따라 산양삼 종자를 점파 및 조파로 파종하고, 종근을 이식하여 산양삼 종자의 발아율 및 종근의 생존율을 조사하였다. 산양삼 종자는 점파재배 시 종자의 크기가 6.5 ㎜ 이상일때 발아율이 유의적으로 가장 높았고, 이식재배는 주근직경이 10 ㎜ 이상, 재식거리는 7 ㎝ 이하, 복토두께는 2 ㎝ 이하 일 때종근의 생존율이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 재배유형별 산양삼의 생육특성은 점파재배 시 종자크기가 6.5 ㎜ 이상, 파종립수는 3립, 파종간격은 5 ㎝ 이하일 때 산양삼의 지상부 생육이 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 조파재배에서는 파종간격이 30 ㎝, 종자의 파종량은 23 g 이하일 때 산양삼의 지하부 및 지상부의 생육이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 이식배재에서는 주근직경이 10 ㎜ 이상인 종근의 뇌두방향을 위 또는 아래를 향하도록 이식하였을 때 산양삼의 지상부 생육이 유의적으로 높은 것을 확인하였다. 향후 재배유형과 산양삼의 생육특성과 더불어 입지환경과의 상관관계를 분석할 수 있다면 보다 정확한 산양삼의 최적재배 및 환경조건의 확립이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 이와 같은연구결과를 통해 기존 재배자의 경험에만 의존하던 산양삼의재배·관리 기술을 보다 명확하게 확립할 수 있었고, 나아가 고품질 산양삼의 생산기술의 확립을 통해 임업인의 소득을 증대시키고 산양삼의 산업 활성화에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다 The this study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics of wild-simulated ginseng by direct seeding and transplanting cultivation for develop standard cultivation techniques of wild-simulated ginseng. Bonghwa experimental field were confirm to be suitable location environment for cultivation of wild-simulated ginseng. As a result of this study, the germination rate of wild-simulated ginseng was significantly highest when seed size was over 6.5 ㎜ in the spot seeding cultivation. In the case of transplanting, survival rate was significantly increased when the diameter of root was over 10 ㎜, planting distance was 7 ㎝, and the thickness of soil covering was less then 2 ㎝. The result of growth characteristics of wild-simulated ginseng by cultivation type, growth of stem in spot seeding cultivation was showed significantly increased when seed size over 6 ㎜, seeding number was 3 grains, and the seeding distance was less then 5 ㎝. Strip seeding cultivation was showed significantly increased in stem and root growth when seeding distance was 30 ㎝ grains and quantity of seeding was less then 23 g. In the case of transplanting cultivation, it’s was showed significantly increased in stem growth when diameter of root was over then 10 ㎜ and direction of rhizome was top and bottom. The results of this study was that to clearly establish the techniques of cultivation of managements and it’s will be suggest contribute to the industrial activation of wild-simulated ginseng. Key words – Cultivation type, Direct seeding cultivation, Growth characteristics, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Transplanting cultivation, Wild-simulated ginseng

Crystallization and X-Ray Crystallographic Studies of Wild-Type and Mutant Tryptophan Synthase α-Subunits from Escherichia coli

Se Bok Jang,Mi Suk Jeong 한국분자세포생물학회 2005 Molecules and cells Vol.19 No.2

The α-subunit of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase (αTS), a component of the tryptophan synthase α2β2 complex, is a monomeric 268-residues protein (Mr = 28,600). αTS by itself catalyzes the cleavage of indole-3-glycerol phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and indole, which is converted to tryptophan in tryptophan biosynthesis. Wild-type and P28L/Y173F double mutant α-subunits were overexpressed in E. coli and crystallized at 298 K by the hanging-drop vapordiffusion method. X-ray diffraction data were collected to 2.5 Å resolution from the wild-type crystals and to 1.8 Å from the crystals of the double mutant, since the latter produced better quality diffraction data. The wild-type crystals belonged to the monoclinic space group C2 (a = 155.64 Å, b = 44.54 Å, c = 71.53 Å and β = 96.39°) and the P28L/Y173F crystals to the monoclinic space group P21 (a = 71.09 Å, b = 52.70, c = 71.52 Å, and β = 91.49°). The asymmetric unit of both structures contained two molecules of αTS. Crystal volume per protein mass (Vm) and solvent content were 2.15 Å3 Da−1 and 42.95% for the wild-type and 2.34 Å3 Da−1 and 47.52% for the double mutant.

Characterization of Yakju Brewed from Glutinous Rice and Wild-Type Yeast Strains Isolated from Nuruks

( Bye Ryun Kim ),( Jae Ho Kim ),( Dong Hoon Bae ),( Byung Hak Ahn ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.12

Korean traditional rice wines yakju and takju are generally brewed with nuruk as the source of the saccharogenic enzymes by natural fermentation. To improve the quality of Korean rice wine, the microorganisms in the nuruk need to be studied. The objective of this research was to improve the quality of Korean wine with the wild-type yeast strains isolated from the fermentation starter, nuruk. Only strain YA-6 showed high activity in 20% ethanol. Precipitation of Y89-5-3 was similar to that of very flocculent yeast (>80%) at 75.95%. Using 18S rRNA sequencing, all 10 strains were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Volatile compounds present in yakju were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass selective detector. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the volatile compounds grouped long-chain esters on the right side of the first principal component, PC1; these compounds were found in yakju that was made with strains YA-6, Y89-5-3, Y89-5-2, Y90-9, and Y89-1-1. On the other side of PC1 were short-chain esters; these compounds were found in wines that were brewed with strains Y183-2, Y268-3, Y54-3, Y98-4, and Y88-4. Overall, the results indicated that using different wild-type yeast strains in the fermentation process significantly affects the chemical characteristics of the glutinous rice wine.

냉장돈육 가공공정 온도와 시간에서의 Wild-type Salmonella spp.의 성장특성 및 예측모델

송주연,박경진,김용수,홍종해 한국식품위생안전성학회 2013 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.28 No.1

This study presents the influence on growth properties determined using a novel predictive growth model of wild-type Salmonella spp. KSC 101 by variations in the temperature and time during cut packaging in cold,uncooked pork meat. The experiment performed for model development included an arrangement of different temperatures (0oC, 5oC, 10oC, 15oC, and 20oC) and time durations (0, 1, 2, and 3 hours) that reflect actual pork-cut and packaging processes. No growth was observed at 0oC and 5oC, whereas some growth was observed at 10oC, 15oC, and 20oC, with a mean increase of only 0.34 log CFU/g. The growth observed at 20oC was more robust than that observed at 15oC, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, compared with PMP (Pathogen Modeling Program), the wild-type Salmonella spp. KSC 101 showed a more rapid growth. We used the Gompertz 4 parameter equation as the primary model, and the exponential decay formula as the secondary model. The estimated R2 values were 0.99 or higher. The developed model was evaluated by comparison of the experimental and predictive values, and the values were in agreement with the ± 0.5 log CFU/g, although the RMSE (Root mean square error) value was 0.103,which indicates a slight overestimation. Therefore, we suggest that the developed predictive growth model would be useful as a tool for evaluating sanitation criteria in pork cut-packaging processes. 본 연구에서는 멸균처리공정이 없는 돈육 포장공정을 대상으로 작업장에서 직접 분리한 야생균주인 Salmonellaspp. KSC101를 작업장의 온도와 시간을 주요 변수로 하여, 이들 현장에서의 Salmonella spp. KSC101의 성장 특성을 파악하고, 이를 수학적으로 예측할 수 있는 모델을 개발하였다. 돈육포장공장 현장을 반영하여 온도는 0, 5, 10,15, 20oC로, 시간은 0, 1, 2, 3시간으로 하였으며, 0oC와5oC에서는 성장이 발생하지 않았으며, 10oC, 15oC, 20oC에서는 약간의 성장이 있었으나 증가수준은 평균 0.34 logCFU/g정도였고, 20oC에서 성장율이 더 높았으나 15oC와는 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았다(p < 0.05). 하지만 PMP와 비교시 야생균주인 Salmonella spp. KSC101의 성장이더 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 이들 실험결과를 바탕으로 1차모델은 Gompertz 4 parameter식을, 2차 모델은 Exponentialdecay식을 이용하여 성장예측모델을 개발하였으며, R2값은0.99이상으로 나타났다. 개발된 모델에 대한 검증으로RMSE를 이용하였으며, 값이 0.103으로 양(+)의 방향으로약간 초과 예측하는 것으로 나타났으나, 최종적으로 실험값과 예측값이 ± 0.5 log cfu/g 내에서 일치하고 있어, 본연구에서 개발된 모델은 추후 냉장돈육 포장공정에서 위생관리기준 설정에 대한 과학적 근거자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

Development, Evaluation and Genetic Analysis of Sulfosulfuron Herbicide Resistance in Sorghum

David K. Ndung’u,John Derera,Pangirayi Tongoona,Joel Ransom 한국작물학회 2017 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.20 No.4

Herbicide tolerant varieties in combination with herbicide seed treatments can be used to manage Striga. However, there are no herbicide resistant sorghum varieties in Kenya. The objectives of this study, therefore, were to develop sulfosulfuron resistance in sorghum, to determine the level of resistance in resultant herbicide tolerant mutants, and to determine the genetic inheritance of herbicide tolerance in sorghum. Five ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS)-derived sulfosulfuron tolerant mutants (designated hb6, hb8, hb12, hb56, and hb462) were identified and selfed to M4 generation. Varying rates of sulfosulfuron, either as a spray or seed coat, were applied to determine the level of tolerance of the mutant lines. Mutant lines were also crossed with the wild-type Seredo and among themselves to determine mode of inheritance. Results showed that the susceptible wild-type Seredo was killed at the lowest herbicide rates of 0.5 g ha-1 and 1 g ha-1 sulfosulfuron. Dry matter from the spraying and seed coating experiments showed mutants to be up to 170 times more resistant to sulfosulfuron than the wild-type. The LD50 values indicated a general trend of hb46 > hb12 > hb462 ~ hb56 > hb8 for level of tolerance under both spraying and seed coating experiments. The F2 progeny of mutant X wild-type crosses segregated in a 1:2:1 fashion for resistant, intermediate, and susceptible, indicating semi-dominant inheritance. Intercrosses between mutant lines did not segregate for resistance in the F2 generation indicating the same mutation could be responsible for the tolerance in all five mutants.

Advanced recombinant baculovirus expressing insect neurotoxin and Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxin

Hee Jin Shim,Jae Young Choi,Yong Wang,Jong Yul Roh,Hong Guang Xu,Qin Liu,Soo Dong Woo,Byung Rae Jin,Yeon Ho Je 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

To develop an advanced baculovirus insecticide with additional advantages, such as higher toxicity and recovering to wild-type baculovirus, a novel recombinant baculovirus, NeuroBactrus was constructed. Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene (cry1-5) and an insect-specific neurotoxin gene (AaIT) were introduced into Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus genome by fusion of polyhedrin-cry1-5-polyhedrin under the control of poyhedrin gene promoter, and by fusion of orf603 partial genes and AaIT under the control of early promoter of ORF3006 from Cotesia plutellae bracovirus. About 150 kDa of Polyhedrin-Cry1-5-Polyhedrin fusion protein expressed by NeuroBactrus was occluded into the polyhedra, and activated as about 65 kDa of crystal protein when treated with trypsin. RT-PCR analysis indicated that transcription of AaIT gene occurs by 2 h postinfection (p.i.) and increased at 16 h p.i.. NeuroBactrus showed high toxicity against Plutella xylostella larvae and significant reduction in median lethal time (LT50) against Spodoptera exigua larvae compared to those of wild-type AcNPV. Re-recombinants derived from NeuroBactrus, NBt-Del5 (deleted cry1-5), NBt-DelA (deleted AaIT) and NBt-Del5A (deleted cry1-5 and AaIT; wild-type baculovirus) were generated in serial passages in vitro. This result showed that the NeuroBactrus could be transferred to wild-type baculovirus along with serial passages by the homologous recombination between two polyhedrin genes and two partial orf603 genes.

Efficient and Eco-friendly Recombinant Baculovirus Insecticide

Hee Jin Shim,Jae Young Choi,Yong Wang,Jong Yul Roh,Soo Dong Woo,Byung Rae Jin,Yeon Ho Je 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.05

A novel recombinant baculovirus, NeuroBactrus, was constructed to develop an improved baculovirus insecticide with additional beneficial properties such as higher insecticidal activity and recovery to wild-type baculovirus. For this, Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene (cry1-5) was introduced into Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) genome by fusion of polyhedrincry1- 5-polyhedrin under the control of poyhedrin gene promoter. In the opposite direction of this fusion gene, an insect-specific neurotoxin gene (AaIT) under the control of early promoter from Cotesia plutellae bracovirus was introduced by fusion of orf603 partial fragment. Western hybridization and confocal microscopy revealed that AaIT neurotoxin and Polyhedrin-Cry1-5-Polyhedrin fusion protein expressed by the NeuroBactrus and that the fusion protein occluded into the polyhedra. In addition, the fusion protein was activated as about 65 kDa of crystal protein when treated with trypsin. The NeuroBactrus showed high level of insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella larvae and significant reduction in median lethal time (LT50) against Spodoptera exigua larvae compared to those of wild-type AcMNPV. Re-recombinants derived from the NeuroBactrus, NBt-Del5 (deleted cry1-5), NBt-DelA (deleted AaIT) and NBt-Del5A (deleted cry1-5 and AaIT; wild-type baculovirus) were generated in serial passages in vitro and in vivo. These results suggested that the NeuroBactrus could be transferred to wild-type baculovirus along with serial passages by the homologous recombination between two polyhedrin genes and two partial orf603 fragments.

A Novel, Highly Effective and Environmentally Friendly Recombinant Baculovirus Insecticide

Yeon Ho Je 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.04

A novel recombinant baculovirus, NeuroBactrus, was constructed to develop an improved baculovirus insecticide with additional beneficial properties, such as a higher insecticidal activity and improved recovery, compared to wild-type baculovirus. For the construction of the NeuroBactrus, the Bacillus thuringiensis cry1-5 crystal protein gene was introduced into the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus(AcMNPV) genome by fusion of polyhedrin-cry1-5-polyhedrin under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. In the opposite direction, an insect-specific neurotoxin gene, AaIT, from Androctonus australis was introduced under the control of an early promoter from Cotesia plutellae bracovirus by fusion of a partial fragment of orf603. The Polyhedrin-Cry1-5-Polyhedrin fusion protein expressed by the NeuroBactrus was not only occluded into the polyhedra, but it was also activated by treatment with trypsin, resulting in an approximately 65-kDa active toxin. In addition, qPCR revealed that the neurotoxin was expressed from the early phase of infection. The NeuroBactrus showed a high level of insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella larvae and a significant reduction in the median lethal time(LT50) against Spodoptera exigua larvae compared to those of wild-type AcMNPV. Re-recombinant mutants derived from NeuroBactrus in which AaIT and/or cry1-5 were deleted were generated by serial passages in vitro. Expression of the foreign proteins(Bt toxin and AaIT) was continuously reduced during the serial passage of the NeuroBactrus. Moreover, polyhedra collected from S. exigua larvae infected with the serially passed NeuroBactrus showed insecticidal activity similar to that of wild-type AcMNPV. These results suggested that the NeuroBactrus could be recovered to wild-type AcMNPV through serial passaging.

p53 유전자가 삽입된 재조합 아데노 바이러스와 항암 화학요법제에 의한 난소암 세포주의 시험관내 성장억제

김태응,김용욱,김흥기,노덕영,김진우,정재근,Kieback, Dirk G.,남궁성은 대한부인종양 콜포스코피학회 2001 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.12 No.1

Objective: In an effort to develop a more effective therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer, we examined whether the restoration of the wild-type p53 gene can enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy. Methods: In this study, Ov-ca-2774 cells, which are known to have p53 point mutation and cisplatin-resistance, were selected and currently used chemotherapeutic agents including cisplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel, etoposide, topotecan, and doxorubicin were added concurrently or sequentially with adenovirus-mediated p53 gene transfer (Ad5CMV-p53). Results: Transfer of the wild-type p53 cDNA gene into Ov-ca-2774 cells showed 55% cell killing in vitro at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 40. Although the combination of carboplatin or paclitaxel followed by p53 gene transfer with an interval of 48 h manifested no enhanced cell killing compared with cells infected with Ad5CMV-p53 alone, the other combinations of chemotherapeutic agents and p53 gene transfer resulted in 15% to 37% further cell killing (P$lt;0.05). Furthermore, p53 gene transfer followed by doxorubicin with an interval of 24 h and concurrent combination of etoposide with p53 gene transfer showed significant difference in cell killing in contrast to the other combination strategies in the respective chemotherapeutic agent exposure groups (P$lt;0.05). Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that combination of p53 gene transfer and chemotherapeutic agents had higher cell killing than either of these two modality alone.

강원도에서 채취한 야생 뽕잎의 생육 시기별 resveratrol 함량

김현복 ( Hyun Bok Kim ),김정봉 ( Jung Bong Kim ),김선림 ( Sun Lim Kim ),석영식 ( Young Seek Seok ),성규병 ( Gyoo Byung Sung ) 한국잠사학회 2012 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.50 No.1

Resveratrol is naturally occurring phytoalexin compounds produced by grape berries, peanuts, pine tree, mulberry fruits and their products in response to stress such as fungal infection, heavy metal ions or UV irradiation. The objective of this study was to determine resveratrol contents in wild-type mulberry leaves (Morus alba L., M. bombycis Koidz, and M. Lhou (Ser.) Koidz) collected from Won-ju, In-je and Yang-yang regions, Gangwon province, Korea. Resveratrol contents in wild-type mulberry leaves were higher in Autumn`s than in Spring`s, and higher than 16 cultivar`s. Among the samples, ``No. 3``, collected from Won-ju region and ``No. 7`` collected from In-je showed high resveratrol contents of 539 and 491 ?g/100 g DW (dry weight; DW), respectively, through the collection time. Therefore, two mulberry trees might be promising as potent resources for mulberry breeding and functional material development.