동적모델을 이용한 수질오염총량제 목표수질 설정 및 할당부하량 산정방안 연구

김은정(Eun Jung Kim),박배경(Bae Kyung Park),신동석(Dong Suk Shin),김용석(Yong Seok Kim),류덕희(Doug Hee Rhew) 大韓環境工學會 2014 대한환경공학회지 Vol.36 No.9

본 연구에서는 동적모델의 수질오염총량제 적용성을 검토하였으며, 동적모델을 이용한 목표수질 설정 및 할당부하량 산정 방법을 제시하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 동적모델 중 HSPF 유역모형을 미호천 유역에 대하여 구축하였으며, 보정 결과 구축된 모형은 2009년~2010년에 대하여 일유량 변화와 BOD 농도 변화를 잘 재현하는 것으로 판단되었다. 동적모델을 이용한 수질오염총량제 적용 방안은 3가지 case; (1)저수기 조건을 고려한 수질관리 방법(Case I), (2)연중 전 기간을 고려한 수질관리 방법(Case II), (3)연중 최악의 수질조건을 고려한 수질관리 방법(Case III)으로 나누어 제시하였다. 미호천 유역 말단에서 각 조건에 따른 BOD 목표수질을 산정한 결과는 Case II(4.2 mg/L) < Case I(5.0 mg/L) < Case III(7.8 mg/L) 순으로 연중전 기간을 고려한 경우에서 가장 낮고 최악조건을 고려한 경우에서 가장 높았다. 할당부하량은 Case II > Case I > Case III 순으로 높게 나타났으며 최악조건을 고려한 경우에서 가장 엄격한 할당부하량이 산정되었다. 기준 강우 선정 및 비점오염원의 모델 적용방식 등에 대한 추가연구가 필요하며, 이들이 반영된다면 수질오염총량제에 동적모델을 적용함으로 인해 좀 더 합리적이고 과학적인 수질관리가 이루어질 것이라 사료된다. 본 연구 결과는 동적모델을 이용한 수질오염총량관리가 시행될 경우 기초 연구 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. In this study, the applicability of dynamic water quality model to TMDL system was examined, methods for setting of water quality goal and estimation of allocation loads were suggested and results of applying these methods were analyzed. HSPF model was applied for Miho stream basin as a dynamic water quality model. The model was calibrated using measurement data obtained in 2009~2010 and showed satisfactory performance in predicting daily variations of flow rate and BOD concentration. Methods for TMDL application were categorized into 3 cases; water quality management (1) considering low flow condition(Case I), (2) considering entire period of the year (Case II) and (3) considering the worst water quality condition (Case III). BOD water quality goals at the end of Miho stream watershed increased in the order of Case II<Case I<Case III. Allocation loads decreased in the order of Case II>Case I>Case III. If further researches on base precipitation and method for model input of nonpoint source pollutant were carried out, water quality could be managed more reasonably and scientifically by applying dynamic water quality model to TMDL. The result of this study is expected to be used as primary data for TMDL using dynamic water quality model.

HSPF와 다중 저류지 모형을 이용한 농업지역 순환관개에 의한 하천 수질 및 배출부하 영향 분석

이경석,이동훈,안영미,강주현 한국습지학회 2023 한국습지학회지 Vol.25 No.4

순환관개는 농업유역내 하천수를 상류의 농경지로 재투입시켜 관개용수로써 활용하고 기 사용된 용수는 직접유출또는 기저유출의 형태로 하천으로 회귀되는 관개방식이다. 순환관개는 용수 및 양분 확보 측면에서 장점이 크지만순환관개 후 발생하는 회귀수는 과투입된 양분을 함유하고 있어 하천 수질에 악영향을 미칠 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 순환관개에 따른 하천 수질변화에 대한 정량적 분석은 효율적인 농업용수 공급과 수질관리대책 수립을 위해 반드시 필요하다. 유역내 수문 및 오염물질의 순환, 그리고 하천수질에 대한 정량적 영향을 통합적으로 분석하기 위하여 유역모델이 주로 활용되고 있으나 대부분의 유역모델들은 순환관개에 의한 수질 영향을 모의할 수 있는 기능을제공하고 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 HSPF(Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran) 유역모델과 다중 저류지 모델(Multi-reservoir model)을 연계하여 순환관개 시스템 운영에 따른 하천수질 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구 대상 지역은 경상남도 창녕군 계성천 유역내 순환관개를 시행하고 있는 관곡천 소유역으로 농업활동에 의한 오염물질 배출이 주된 지역이다. 먼저 계성천 및 관곡천을 대상으로 구축된 HSPF모델을 활용하여 관개지역에서의 배출수(직접유출 및 기저유출) 및 하천수에 대한 연간 유량 및 수질 변화 시계열 자료를 생성하고 이를 토대로 자체구축한 다중저류조 모델을 보정한 후 순환관개 모의에 사용하였다. 다중 저류지 모델에서 관곡천 유역을 관개지역과관곡천 등 두 개의 하위시스템으로 구성하고 순환관개에 따른 하위시스템내 반응(식물흡수, 흡탈착, 및 소멸) 및 하위시스템 간 물 및 물질(질소 및 인)전달 관계를 모의할 수 있도록 하였다. 최종적으로 순환관개 운영 유무에 따라총 3개의 시나리오를 구성하여 연간 순환관개용수량 변화에 따른 관곡천 수질영향을 분석하였다. The recycled irrigation is a type of irrigation that uses downstream water to fulfill irrigation demand in the upstream agricultural areas; the used irrigation water returns back to the downstream. The recycled irrigation is advantageous for securing irrigation water for plant growth, but the returned water typically contains high levels of nutrients due to excess nutrients inputs during the agricultural activities, potentially deteriorating stream water quality. Therefore, quantitative assessment on the effect of the recycled irrigation on the stream water quality is required to establish strategies for effective irrigation water supply and water quality management. For this purpose, a watershed model is generally used; however no functions to simulate the effects of the recycled irrigation are provided in the existing watershed models. In this study, we used multi-reservoir model coupled with the Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) to estimate the effect of the recycled irrigation on the stream water quality. The study area was the Gwangok stream watershed, a subwatershed of Gyeseong stream watershed in Changnyeong county, Gyeongsangnam-do. The HSPF model was built, calibrated, and used to produce time series data of flow and water quality, which were used as hypothetical observation data to calibrate the multi-reservoir model. The calibrated multi-reservoir model was used for simulating the recycled irrigation. In the multi-reservoir model, the Gwangok watershed consisted of two subsystems, irrigation and the Gwangok stream, and the reactions (plant uptake, adsorption, desorption, and decay) within each subsystem, and fluxes of water and materials between the subsystems, were modeled. Using the developed model, three scenarios with different combinations of the operating conditions of the recycled irrigation were evaluated for their effects on the stream water quality.

Application of EFDC and WASP7 in Series for Water Quality Modeling of the Yongdam Lake, Korea

서동일,김민애 한국수자원학회 2011 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.44 No.6

This study aims to test the feasibility of combined use of EFDC(Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code) hydrodynamic model and WASP7.3 (Water Quality Analysis Program) model to improve accuracy of water quality predictions of the Yongdam Lake, Korea. The orthogonal curvilinear grid system was used for EFDC model to represent riverine shape of the study area. Relationship between volume, surface and elevation results were checked to verify if the grid system represents morphology of the lake properly. Monthly average boundary water quality conditions were estimated using the monthly monitored water quality data from Korean Ministry of Environment DB system. Monthly tributary flow rates were back-routed using dam discharge data and allocated in proportion to each basin area as direct measurements were not available. The optimum number of grid system was determined to be 372 horizontal cells and 10 vertical layers of the site for 1 year simulation of hydrodynamics and water quality out of iterative trials. Monthly observed BOD, TN, TP and Chl-a concentrations inside the lake were used for calibration of WASP7.3 model. This study shows that EFDC and WASP can be used in series successfully to improve accuracy in water quality modeling. However, it was observed that the amount of data to develop inflow water quality and flow rate boundary conditions and water quality data inside lake for calibration were not enough for accurate modeling. It is suggested that object-oriented data collection systems would be necessary to ensure accuracy of EFDC-WASP model application and thus for efficient lake water quality management strategy development.

사연호 수질 예측을 위한 2차원 수리·수질모델 구축 및 시나리오 분석

표종철,이상현,김민정,조경화,조홍제 한국방재학회 2015 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.15 No.5

This study estimated water quality constituents especially in CBOD, TN, TP, and Chlorophyll-a in Sayeun reservoir by using CEQUAL-W2 model. With water quality data in surface, middle, and bottom of water body, the model calibration was implemented by changing water quality parameters in the model. Using the calibrated model, we performed scenario analysis to investigate the variation of water quality in respond to different elevations. CBOD, TN, and Chlorophyll-a concentration predicted by the model showed a good agreement with the measured the trend of the concentrations. However, TP estimated was relatively low tendency by the model. We found that water quality (i.e., CBOD, TN, TP, and chlorophyll-a) at both water surface and middle layer was degraded in respond to the decrease of water level by 6.8m. Although results of CBOD in both surface and middle layers decreased to about 2% and 1%, respectively, in the surface layer, TN, TP, and Chlorophyll-a increased to about 4%, 3%, and 51% and, in the middle, TN and TP increased up to 12% and 3%, respectively. In the middle layer, especially, water quality degraded mainly due to increased organic matter from growth, mortality, decay, and sedimentation of algae and anaerobic release of nutrients from sediment. This study demonstrated that water quality could be influenced by controlling water surface elevation, implying that there is a need to control nutrient inflow and re-suspension from sediment in the reservoir. 본 연구는 2차원 수질 모델인 CE-QUAL-W2 모델을 이용하여 사연호의 CBDO, TN, TP, 그리고 Chlorophyll-a를 모의하였다. 모의하기 전 사연호의 상층, 중층, 하층부의 수질 실측값을 모델 보정을 위해 사용하였고 모델 내의 수질 보정계수들을 변화시켜가며 모델 보정작업을 실행 하였다. 뿐만 아니라 반구대암각화가 있는 사연호의 특색을 고려하여 수위변화 시나리오를 적용시켜 수질변화양상을 예측하여 보았다. 모델의 결과에서, CBOD, TN, 그리고 Chlorophyll-a는 실측 값을 잘 모의 하였지만 TP는 상대적으로 실측값의 시계열 변화를 잘 모사하지 못하였다. 사연댐 방류량을 10%증가 시켰을 때 수질 변화양상은 표층에선 2% 감소된CBOD제외한 TN, TP, 그리고 Chlorophyll-a가 각각 약 4%, 3%, 그리고 51% 증가함으로써 수질이 악화되는 결과를 보였고 중층에서도 마찬가지로 CBOD농도는 약 1% 감소하였고 TN과 TP의 농도가 12% 와 3%로 증가 하였다. 또한 하상으로부터의 영양염류 유출과 조류의 침전량이 증가되는 내부부하 현상을 확인하였다. 따라서 수위변화 시나리오를 통해, 사연호의 수위가 감소할 때 전반적으로 수질 악화 현상이 나타나는 것을 확인하였다.

Application Effect of Water Quality HSPE & EPDC Models Used to Improve Water Quality in G lake

( Hyun-joo Lee ) 한국환경기술학회 2021 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.22 No.5

In order to predict changes in water quality from pollutants and sewage treatment plants in Lake G located in Y-si, Gyeonggi-do, the water quality improvement project was carried out step by step using the HSPE model and EFDC (Environmental Fluid Dynamic) model. The data used in this study were carried out by correcting the model using water quality data from 2015 to 2017, and the impact was determined by investigating the sources of contamination flowing into Lake G, the subject of this study. Water quality improvement project items were applied to reduce discharge and concentration at G sewage treatment plant adjacent to G lake by 20 % compared to the current level, implement non-point pollution source reduction project, and implementation of G lake ecological river restoration project.According to the forecast, it is expected to have a great effect on the improvement of water quality by the expansion of facilities at sewage treatment plants into Lake G, maintenance of sewage pipes, non-point pollution sources, and restoration of ecological river restoration. It was set as COD and T-P as the representative items of water quality, and in case of irresponsibility, the water quality is continuously deteriorating every year. After implementing each step, the algae phenomenon of Lake G is expected to be reduced and the water quality improvement effect is expected.

연구논문 : 데이터마이닝 기법을 적용한 취수원 수질예측모형 평가

김주환 ( Ju Hwan Kim ),채수권 ( Soo Kwon Chae ),김병식 ( Byung Sik Kim ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2011 환경영향평가 Vol.20 No.5

For the efficient discovery of knowledge and information from the observed systems, data mining techniques can be an useful tool for the prediction of water quality at intake station in rivers. Deterioration of water quality can be caused at intake station in dry season due to insufficient flow. This demands additional outflow from dam since some extent of deterioration can be attenuated by dam reservoir operation to control outflow considering predicted water quality. A seasonal occurrence of high ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations has hampered chemical treatment processes of a water plant in Geum river. Monthly flow allocation from upstream dam is important for downstream NH3-N control. In this study, prediction models of water quality based on multiple regression (MR), artificial neural network and data mining methods were developed to understand water quality variation and to support dam operations through providing predicted NH3-N concentrations at intake station. The models were calibrated with eight years of monthly data and verified with another two years of independent data. In those models, the NH3-N concentration for next time step is dependent on dam outflow, river water quality such as alkalinity, temperature, and NH3-N of previous time step. The model performances are compared and evaluated by error analysis and statistical characteristics like correlation and determination coefficients between the observed and the predicted water quality. It is expected that these data mining techniques can present more efficient data-driven tools in modelling stage and it is found that those models can be applied well to predict water quality in stream river systems.

부정류 흐름에서 상수관망 수질해석을 위한 동역학적 모형의 개발

최두용,조원철,김도환,배철호 대한상하수도학회 2012 상하수도학회지 Vol.26 No.5

A dynamic water quality model is presented in order to simulate water quality under slowly varying flow conditions over time. To improve numerical accuracy, the proposed model uses a lumped system approach instead of extended period simulation, unlike the other available models. This approach can achieve computational efficiency by assuming liquid and pipe walls to be rigid, unlike the method of characteristics, which has been successfully implemented in rapidly varying flows. The discrete volume method is applied to resolve the advection and reaction terms of the transport equation for water quality constituents in pipes. Numerical applications are implemented to the pipe network examples under steady and unsteady conditions as well as hydraulic and water quality simulations. The numerical results are compared with EPANET2, which is a widely used simulation model for a water distribution system. The model results are in good agreement with EPANET2 for steady-state simulation. However, the hydraulic simulation results under unsteady flows differ from those of EPANET2, which causes a deviation in water quality prediction. The proposed model is expected to be a component of an integrated operation model for a water distribution system if it is combined with a computational model for rapidly varying flows to estimate leakage, pipe roughness, and intensive water quality.

QUAL2EU모형에 의한 탐진강 수계 수질모의

장석환 대진대학교 2000 大眞論叢 Vol.8 No.-

This study is to predict and determine the future water quality in rivers using one dimensional water quality model. QUAL2EU model is adopted to simulate the water quality which was developed in U.S. E.P.A. and applied to Tamjin River at Jangheung, Jeonlanam-Do. HEC-2 model, the steady state simulation model, is used to determine the hydraulic components into and discharge coefficient water quality model. The water quality is sampled at 10 major points to check calibrating reaction coefficients of the model. For the prediction of future water quality, contamination load is calculated each year in case with and without environmental treatment facilities. The results of this method is thought more accurate to the measured than those of existing methods

수질모델의 시스템 분석기법을 이용한 송지호의 수질관리방안 연구

이용석,김동진 한국자연보호학회 2012 한국자연보호학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Songji lagoon, one of the major lagoons located along the East coast, is considered to be worth preserving because of its good water quality. To consider ways to manage the water quality of Songji lagoon, this study was conducted by employing the analysis technique for system analysis of the water quality model. This study used WASP model which is a model with hydraulic part and water quality part combined. The model for Songji lagoon used the same value as the coefficients of water quality reaction used for Hwajinpo model. And it was revised and verified with the water quality measured in Songji lagoon. The spatial concentration of water quality of Songji lagoon and Hwajin po exhibited different distribution respectively, yet showing a similar characteristic in physical and water side structure. The major water quality items used in system analysis are BOD, limiting nutrients (N, P). The principal conditions reflected the system analysis are an increase or decrease of Allochthonous pollution load and removal of sediment. The study results show that the water quality of Songji lagoon is considerably changed more in sediment than Allochthonous pollution load. Especially, the management of Nonpoint pollution due to a temporary rainfall is more important among allochthonous pollution load.

통합 수질계측 시스템 개발

양근호,Yang, Keun-Ho 한국융합신호처리학회 2007 융합신호처리학회 논문지 (JISPS) Vol.8 No.3

The quality of tap water on the whole water-supply system, from a large filtration plant to a private faucet, has to be guaranteed the standards of drinking water. At this point in time, however, the supply process of the tap water has not been monitored and managed scientifically. The piped water, especially the most small-scale reservoirs(underground or overhead type) are always exposed to various contaminations and impurities. Recently monitoring systems of water-quality were spread on some large filtration plants or distributing reservoirs. In particular, the water quality monitoring method using the internet is adopted into some local government whose inhabitants can check up the water quality anytime and anywhere. The construction of this system that has to apply a large scale needs, and has a limitation on the small water-supply system, such as apartments, public facilities and small-scale underground or overhead reservoirs. In this work, we suggest the integration system of individual water-quality sensor modules that have a low price. By using the developed integration system and monitoring program operated on the internet, the system managers of reservoirs can monitor and manage water-quality characteristic values of drinking water in online. Since the proposed system was modularized, the system can be applied easily into various reservoirs with a low cost and regardless of its scale, small or large. 대형 정수장에서 개인수도꼭지까지 전체 급수 설비에서 수질은 반드시 먹는 물 수질기준을 만족해야 한다. 그러나 현재까지도 수돗물의 공급과정은 과학적으로 모니터링 되거나 관리되지 못하고 있다. 수돗물 특히 대부분의 작은 규모의 정수장은 항상 다양한 오염원 및 불순물 등에 노출되어 있다. 최근 일부 대형 정수장이나 배수지 등에 수질감시 시스템이 사용되고 있다. 특히 인터넷을 이용한 수질 모니터링 방법이 일부 지방자치단체에 도입되었으며 이 시스템은 해당 지역주민들이 언제 어디서나 수질을 확인할 수 있도록 되어있다. 그러나 이 시스템, 즉 대형 시스템에 사용되는 이 방법은 매우 높은 비용을 필요로 하고 이로 인해 아파트, 공공시설, 소규모의 지하저수조 및 고가(高架)저수조와 같은 소규모 급수설비에는 적용하기가 곤란하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 저가의 개별 수질측정 센서모듈에 대한 통합시스템을 제안한다. 개발된 통합 시스템과 인터넷상에서 동작하는 모니터링 프로그램을 이용하여 저수조 시스템 관리자는 음용수에 대한 수질 특성치를 실시간으로 관리할 수 있다. 또한 제안된 시스템이 모듈화 되어있기 때문에 크고 작고의 규모에 관계없이 저비용으로 다양한 저수조나 정수장에 쉽게 설치할 수 있다.