모바일폰 위치기반 생활이동 빅데이터를 활용한 통행목적별 도시활력 영향요인 분석 : PageRank 알고리즘과 SHAP 기계학습을 활용하여

박준상(Park, Junsang),김선재(Kim, Sunjae),이수기(Lee, Sugie) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2022 國土計劃 Vol.57 No.5

Urban vitality is an important indicator for evaluating a city’s sustainability. Urban vitality increases when a social space emerges where people can interact with each other in a city. Although many studies have tried to measure urban vitality and its determining factors, few studies have measured it using moile phone location-based, origin-destination (OD) big data. The aim of this study is to analyze the determining factors of urban vitality with mobile phone big data using the PageRank algorithm and interpretable machine learning techniques. The focus is the nonlinear relationships between urban vitality and its determining factors. The main results of the analysis are as follows. First, urban vitality according to moile phone location-based, OD big data by travel purpose has different determining factors. For instance, while the perception of street scenery had a considerable influence on the urban vitality of non-commuting travel, it had no impact on the urban vitality of commuting travel. Second, restaurant Point of Interest (POI) density and subway station exit density had positive associations with urban vitality for both leisure and utility travel purposes. Third, street safety was a significant variable for urban vitality, regardless of travel purposes of the population. This finding indicates that the safety of the street environment encourages urban vitality. Finally, the interpretable machine learning analysis indicated that the relationships between urban vitality and its determining factors were nonlinear. Overall, the study findings demonstrate the useful application of mobile phone, location-based, OD big data to examine urban vitality and provide specific policy implications for promoting it.

빅데이터를 활용한 도시활력 측정과 도시공간 유형 분류

김영롱 경기연구원 2020 경기개발연구원 기본연구 Vol.- No.-

복잡한 도시공간과 도시민의 삶을 연구하는 데 있어 단순화하고 일반화하는 문제는 오랫동안 도시학자들이 고민해 온 문제였다. 특히 도시활력을 측정하고 도시공간을 유형화하는 작업은 복잡한 도시 구조를 한눈에 바라보는 데 유용하게 사용되어 온 방법이다. 최근 빠른 속도로 수집되고 축적되는 도시 빅데이터를 통해 도시민의 특성을 잘 대표하는 지표를 선정하고 개발하는 과정에 혁신적인 변화가 일어났다. 도시민의 삶을 보다 즉각적이고 효율적으로 반영할 수 있는 지표가 있다면, 코로나19와 같은 전염병과 신종 도시 재난에 대응하는 의사결정과정에 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 지표 중 하나인 도시활력은 도시민의 삶의 질, 살기 좋은 도시 등을 평가하는 데 있어 매우 중요하게 활용되어왔다. 그러나 어떠한 기준으로 이를 측정할 것인가에 대한 개념적인 정의가 모호했다는 한계가 있었다. 이러한 한계를 극복하고자 본 연구에서는 도시활력을 사회적, 경제적 차원으로 구분하여 개념화하였다. 사회적 활력이란 도시공간에 통행하는 유동인구로 인해 발생하는 북적거림을 의미하고, 경제적 활력은 소비, 거래, 투자 등의 활동을 의미한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 개념적 틀을 기반으로 사회적 활력의 지표로는 거주인구와 함께 휴대전화사용에 기반하여 측정한 유동인구 빅데이터를 사용하였고, 경제적 활력의 지표로는 사업체 종사자 수와 카드결제 빅데이터를 이용하였다. 도시활력의 사회적, 경제적 차원을 비교 분석해보면, 거주와 활동이 공간적으로 분리되어있는 것과 대조적으로 생산과 소비 활동은 공간적으로 분리되어있지 않은 경향이 강하다. 사회적 활력의 경우에는 거주인구와 유동인구의 차이가 극명하게 대비되는 경우가 많았다. 도심공동화 현상 등에 기인하여 거주와 활동이 공간적으로 분리되어있는 경우가 많기 때문이다. 그러나 경제적 활력의 경우에는 생산과 소비 활동이 공간적으로 혼재하는 경향이 강하다. 직장들이 밀집해있는 생산의 공간에서 직장인들을 포함하여 많은 도시민들이 소비 활동을 하는 현실이 반영된 결과이다. 그리고 스몰데이터와 빅데이터가 각각 도시민의 정적, 동적 측면을 대표한다는 점을 활용하여, 이를 기준으로 도시공간의 유형을 분류하고 코로나19와 관련한 시사점을 도출하였다. 유형 I(중심업무지구)은 생산 및 소득 활동을 위해 어쩔 수 없이 가야만 하는 곳으로 코로나19와 같은 충격에도 급격한 도시활력 감소는 없을 것이다. 유형 II(쇼핑)는 온라인이나 근거리에서 대체할 수 있어 반드시 가지 않아도 되는 곳이기 때문에 코로나19의 충격으로 도시활력이 크게 감소할 우려가 있다. 유형 III(주거)은 코로나19로 인해 원거리 이동 및 소비가 줄어들면서 역설적으로 도시활력이 높아질 것이라 기대할 수 있다. 유형 IV(교육 및 행정)는 동적 지표보다 정적 지표가 높은 지역으로 코로나19로 인한 단기적인 도시활력 감소는 적을 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 도시활력이라는 개념에 대한 조작적 정의를 통해 측정 가능한 지표를 제안하였으며, 스몰데이터와 빅데이터의 결합을 통해 두 가지 데이터의 특성으로부터 상호보완적 장점을 이끌어냈다는 의의가 있다. 정책적인 측면에서는 인구감소 시대에 각 지역에서 제한적인 거주인구 조건 내에서 도시활력을 높이는 방안을 강구할 것을 제안하였다. 또한 장기적으로는 도시 기반시설과 서비스 제공의 차원에 있어 거주인구 중심의 사고를 극복하는 여러 가지 대안을 장기적으로 모색할 필요가 있다. Urban researchers have sought to simplify and generalize the complex urban space and the everyday life of citizens. The concept of urban vitality and typology of urban space have been used to provide a bird-eye view of the complex urban structure. In particular, urban big data allowed researchers to revolutionize the process of selecting and developing indices that reflect the changing characteristics of citizen life. If the indices can catch them immediately and effectively, they can be used for a decision-making process to counter the new urban crises including COVID-19. The concept of urban vitality has been used by urban researchers to evaluate the quality of life in cities and the best place to live. However, the concept has been also criticized as a fuzzy concept with a lack of clarity to identify and operationalize. To overcome the issue, this study conceptualized urban vitality in two dimensions, social and economic ones. The social vitality means the urban buzz made by pedestrian traffic passing through urban space and the economic vitality is aroused by economic activities such as consumption, transaction, and investment. Building on the conceptual framework, this study adopted datasets including residential population and pedestrian traffic data for the social vitality and employment and bank card transaction data for the economic vitality. The empirical research shows that residence and activity on the social side are spatially divided while production and consumption on the economic dimension are spatially mixed. Residential population and pedestrian traffic are polarized in the same region mainly because the residential area in the city center is hollowed out. However, many employees contribute to the consumption level in the city center. It is also notified that small data represent the stationary existence of urban vitality source while big data speak for the dynamics of that. A typology of urban space was made according to the comparison between small and big data. Type I (central business district) is the urban space to which citizens should go for their work, so COVID-19 would not bring an immediate decrease in urban vitality. Type II (shopping) is not a must-go region because visiting the region can be substituted by online and neighborhood shopping. It is a reason why urban vitality in Type II could sharply decrease due to COVID-19. In contrast, Type III (residential area) could be more vital as citizens are reluctant to travel to city centers. Type IV (education and administration), where the static indices are higher than the dynamic ones, would not be much affected in terms of urban vitality. In sum, the new conceptual framework of urban vitality and its measurable indices are suggested in this study. It also took advantage of the complementary relationship between small and big data by combining them. When it comes to policy recommendations, it is suggested that urban vitality can be a policy target to counter a regional decline within a constraint of the diminishing residential population. In the future, policymakers need to seek more alternatives to the residential population as a reference to urban infrastructure and service.

롱샹 성당에서 음악의 생명성 표현에 관한 연구

김영희(Kim, Young-Hee) 한국실내디자인학회 2012 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.21 No.5

This study aims to show the possibility of approaching artistic design through the Bergsonian concept of musical vitality by grasping the expression of his musical vitality at the Chapel at Ronchamp. For the purpose of this study, the aesthetic significance of Bergson’s philosophy of life was first contemplated, and a case study analysis was conducted on the vitality of music as temporality at the Chapel at Ronchamp. On this basis, the examples of his musical vitality as metaphysical reality at the Chapel were analyzed. The results of analysis are as follows: First, the Bergsonian vitality of music as temporality at the Chapel is expressed as a sense of movement-through the acoustic form, the modulor corresponding to the scale of the music, the opposite composition of musical changes, the fluid space of the music, and the light and shadow of counterpoint-as having been intended by Le Corbusier in the very process of design. Second, the vitality of music as Bergson’s metaphysical reality at the Chapel at Ronchamp is expressed in the image and rhythm of music created by intuitive reminiscences. The acoustic form, the form created by the modulor, the opposite form of composition, the fluid space and the light and shadow as the melody and image of music present continuous diversity as vital flow in a uniform direction. The vitality of music as aesthetical reality is imitated by the rhythm of the music deriving from repetitive movements sensed here. Consequentry, the Chapel at Ronchamp can be seen as a vital design that expresses Bergson’s notion of musical vitality, indicating that an approach toward artistic design can be realized through his musical vitality. This study holds significance as basic research on artistic design with philosophy and music as its origin.

고등학교 학교장의 변혁적 지도성이 학교활력에 미치는 영향

이상문 인하대학교 교육연구소 2019 교육문화연구 Vol.25 No.1

본 연구는 고등학교 학교장의 변혁적 지도성과 학교활력 간의 관련성을 살펴봄으로써 학교활력에 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 경기도 소재 고등학교 교사 360명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하여 303명의 자료를 연구에 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고등학교 학교장의 변혁적 지도성과 학교활력의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 두 변인 사이에는 유의미한 정의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학교장의 변혁적 지도성이 학교활력에 미치는 영향을 분석한 단순회귀분석에서는 변혁적 지도성이 학교활력을 66.1% 설명해 주고 있었다. 셋째, 다중회귀분석 결과, 학교활력에 영향을 미치는 변혁적 지도성의 하위요인은 집단 참여 허용, 학교 문화의 창조, 목표 수용 순으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 토대로 고등학교 학교장이 학교활력을 증진시키기 위해서는 학교 구성원들 이 학교경영에 참여할 수 있도록 민주적인 학교문화 조성에 노력해야 함을 시사 받을 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors impacting teachers' school vitality by e xamining the relationship between the high school principal’s transformational leadership and school vitality. A survey of 360 high school teachers in Gyeonggi Province was conducted and the data from 303 respondents were used for the study. The results of the study are as follows. First, As a result of analyzing the correlation between high school principal 's transformational leadership and school vitality, there was a meaningful positive correlation between two variables. Second, base on the simple regression analysis of the influence of the principal's transformational leadership on school vitality, transformational leadership explained 66.1% of school vitality. Third, As a result of multiple regression analysis, sub-factors of transformational leadership that influence school vitality were acceptance of group participation, creation of school culture, and acceptance of goals. The results of this study suggest that in order for a high school principal to promote school vitality, followers should try to create a democratic school culture so that they can participate in school management.

서울시 POI 빅데이터를 활용한 도시활력과 영향요인 분석

조월(Cao, Yue),이수기(Lee, Sugie) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2021 國土計劃 Vol.56 No.7

According to an urban theorist, Jane Jacobs, urban vitality only promotes regional economic development but also improves street safety and enhances the sense of community through human contact. In this context, the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between various neighboring environments influencing urban vitality based on Jane Jacobs’ theory using global positioning system-based de facto population data and point-of-interest (POI) big data. Based on the dependent variables from the de facto population data to represent urban vitality, the relationships between urban vitality and surrounding physical environments were analyzed using the POI data. In addition, the interaction effect of independent variables on urban vitality was analyzed. The results show that urban vitality is highly associated with POI-based land-use variables and other physical environmental factors. In addition, the factors affecting urban vitality are different from the commercial and residential areas. In particular, the level of de facto population in the residential area is more likely to be associated with neighborhood service facilities, such as education, transportation, sports, and leisure. Next, the building coverage ratio is negatively associated with the number of the de facto population regardless of land use zones. This finding indicates that various neighborhood open spaces are crucial in urban vitality. In addition, the density of the total floor area of a building has a positive impact on the de facto population but is only significant in the commercial area. Finally, this study recommends policy implications to promote urban vitality in residential and commercial zones.

경주시 대릉원 주변 가로수 현황분석 및 개선방안

이혁재,유주한,리위 (사)한국정원디자인학회 2023 한국정원디자인학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Daereungwon in Gyeongju is not only a famous tourist attraction nationwide, but also one of the historic sites of Gyeongju, where many tourists can be attracted every year. Therefore, street tree management in the Daereungwon area is particularly important. Accordingly, this study investigated the current status and health status of street trees in the Daereungwon area of Gyeongju-si and suggested improvement measures based on the analysis results. First of all, many related literature data on street trees were found and indicators were extracted for street trees in the Daereungwon area, one of the historical sites of Gyeongju. The growth status of four items was selected: height, chest height diameter, land height, and soil hardness, and the vitality of street trees was evaluated by score by referring to the reference literature on the growth status of each part of street trees was evaluated as a score. In addition, the average value of vitality is determined by dividing it into five grades, and the criteria for determining each item were reorganized according to local conditions by referring to the existing literature. The vitality of the entire street tree was evaluated by examining the height, chest height diameter, ground floor, and soil hardness of the Daereungwon street tree through an on-site survey, and a linear regression analysis was conducted on the growth status and vitality of each tree. Through linear regression analysis, it can be seen that the height and chest diameter have a significant positive effect on the vitality of the pop tree, and the regression relationship between the height of the pop tree and the vitality of the pop tree is not significant. It can be seen that the height, chest height, underground height, and soil hardness of the king cherry tree have a significant negative effect on the vitality of the king cherry tree, while the height and soil hardness do not have a negative effect on the vitality. As a result of conducting a t-test to determine the difference between species, it was found that there was a difference in the diameter of the chest, underground, and vitality of the pop and king cherry trees. 경주시 대릉원은 전국적으로 유명한 관광 명소일 뿐만 아니라 경주의 유적지 중 하나로 매년 많은 관광객을 유치하여 관광할 수 있다. 따라서 대릉원 지역의 가로수 관리는 특히 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 경주시 대릉원 지역의 가로수 생장 현황과 건강 상태를 조사하고 분석 결과를 바탕으로 개선방안을 제시하였다. 우선 경주의 유적지 중 한 곳인 대릉원 지역의 가로수를 대상으로 가로수에 관한 많은 관련 문헌 자료를 찾고 지표를 추출하였다. 생장 현황은 수고, 흉고직경, 지하고, 토양 경도 등 4가지 항목을 선정하고 가로수의 활력도는 기준문헌을 참조하여 가로수의 각 부분의 생장 상태를 점수로 평가하였다. 그리고 활력도의 평균치를 5개의 등급으로 나누어 판단하며 각 항목의 판단기준은 기존 문헌을 참고하여 현지 여건에 따라 재구성하였다. 현장조사를 통해 대릉원 가로수의 수고, 흉고직경, 지하고 및 토양경도를 조사하여 전수 가로수의 활력도를 평가하였으며, 가로수의 활력도에 어떤 요인이 영향을 미치는지를 분석하기 위해 수종별 생장 현황과 활력도에 대한 선형 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 선형 회귀분석을 통해 수고와 흉고직경이 이팝나무의 활력도에 유의한 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있고, 이팝나무 활력도는 종합 요소 분석 결과를 통해 수고, 흉고직경과 지하고는 이팝나무 활력도의 회귀 관계가 모두 유의하지 않은 것을 알 수 있다. 왕벚나무에서 수고, 흉고직경, 지하고와 토양 경도는 왕벚나무 활력도에 유의한 부정적인 영향을 미치는 반면, 지하고, 수고와 토양 경도는 활력도에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 알 수 있다. 수종 간 차이를 파악하기 위해 t검정을 수행한 결과, 이팝나무와 왕벚나무의 흉고직경, 지하고와 활력도에 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

외상 받은 치아의 치수생활력 검사 : Laser Doppler flowmetry를 이용한 증례보고

김영진,송윤주,김현정,남순현 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

외상받은 치아에서 치수강폐쇄, 치수괴사, 치근흡수, 인접치조골소실, 치근단염증성변화 및 치아상실 등의 부작용이 나타날 수 있으며, 이는 치근형성정도, 탈구의 종류, 고정의 기간에 따라 예후가 달라진다. 외상 후 부작용의 빈도를 줄이기 위해서는 조기에 치수생활력 유무를 판단하는 것이 중요하다. 그러나 미성숙치근을 가진 치아는 치수내 신경발달 분포가 불완전하고, 환자의 연령이 어려 술식에 대한 이해력이 부족하고 치과에 대한 공포감 때문에 전기치수검사등의 전통적인 치수생활력 방법의 신뢰도가 떨어진다. 반면 laser Doppler flowmetry는 치수 혈류량을 측정하여 치수생활력을 검사하는 방법으로서 보존적이며 객관적이고, 외상후 비교적 조기에 치수생활력을 측정할 수 있는 신뢰도가 높은 치수생활력 검사방법이다. 이에 저자는 외상받은 미성숙치아를 대상으로 냉검사, 전기치수검사, laser Doppler flowmetry를 이용하여 치수생활력을 검사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 외상받은 치아의 치수생활력은 초기에는 음성으로 나타날 수 있으나 시간의 경과에 따라 양성으로 회복할 수 있어 장기간의 관찰이 필요하다. 2. 치수생활력은 냉검사, 전기치수검사 보다 laser Doppler flowmetry에서 더 빨리 나타났다. 3. 냉검사와 전기치수검사의 두가지 치수생활력 검사방법 중 전기치수검사 보다 냉검사가 신뢰도가 더 높았다. In the traumatized teeth, the major complications are pulp necrosis, and root resorption. The factors influencing to prognosis are the state of root development, type of injuries, quality of fixation. There are good prognosis in the case of immature teeth, minor luxation injuries. To minimize of occurrence of these complication, it is very important to determine the pulp vitality. This can help us decide whether or not to treat the teeth endodontically. But, it is difficult to determine of pulp vitality in immature teeth or traumatized teeth. In this case, pulp vitality test was done periodically on the traumatized upper central incisors, and the results were different among cold test, electric pulp test, and laser Doppler flowmetry. The conclusions were obtained from this case can be summarized as follows ; 1. Pulp vitality of traumatized teeth should be negative early, but with time going pulp vitality could be recovered. 2. The positive reaponse of pulp vitality test was detected earlier in laser Doppler flowmetry. 3. Between cold teat and electric pulp test, cold test was more reliable in determining pulp vitality.

노인의 운동치료 프로그램 참여가 활력과 낙관성에 미치는 영향

이무연(Moo Yon Lee),김석일(Seok Il Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2013 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.51

This study explored the effect of therapeutic exercise program on vitality and optimism in elderly. The sample of this study were 184 elderly aged 65 and older. It indicated that on vitality and optimism, the main effects, two-way interaction and three-way interaction of gender(male and female), age(65-70, 71-75, over 76), subjective health status(high, medium, low) and participation of therapeutic exercise program or not, The findings of this study were as follows. First, the two-way inte raction and three-way interaction effect were not significant, the main effects were significant on vitality and optimism. In detail, elderly men showed high scores on vitality, and elderly participated in therapeutic exercise program showed high scores on vitality and optimism. Second, elderly aged 65-70 showed high scores on vita lity and optimism, and elderly participated in therapeutic exercise program showed high scores on vitality. Third, high group of subjective health status showed high scores on vitality and optimism, and elderly participated in therapeutic exercise program showed high scores on vitality and optimism.

The role of motivational climate for sense of vitality in organized youth grassroots football players: Do harmonious and obsessive types of passion play a mediating role?

( Yngvar Ommundsen ),( Pierre Nicolas Lemyre ),( Frank Abrahamsen ),( Glyn C Roberts ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2013 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.25 No.2

The mediating role of types of passion in the relationships between motivational climates and subjective vitality was examined among 283 experienced young Norwegian grassroots football players (aged 12-16 years). A Structural Equation Model (SEM) based path model revealed that mastery climate predicted subjective vitality directly as well as mediated by harmonious passion and through a chain in which harmonious passion fuelled obsessive passion, in turn facilitating vitality. The former was the stronger mediation path of the two. A performance climate was unrelated to obsessive passion. The pattern of results generally supports the proposed motivational climate-passion-vitality link. However, the observed mediation chain involving also a positive mastery climate-obsessive passion-vitality link invites further examinations to better understand both young football players` subjective meaning making of harmonious and obsessive passion.

공간 빅데이터와 야간 위성영상을 활용한 도시 활력 평가: 대구시를 사례로

정시윤 ( Si-yun Jeong ),전병운 ( Byong-woon Jun ) 한국지리정보학회 2020 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.23 No.4

This study evaluated the urban vitality of Daegu metropolitan city in 2018 using emerging geographic data such as spatial big data, Wi-Fi AP(access points) and nighttime light satellite image. The emerging geographic data were used in this research to quantify human activities in the city more directly at various spatial and temporal scales. Three spatial big data such as mobile phone data, credit card data and public transport smart card data were employed to reflect social, economic and mobility aspects of urban vitality while public Wi-Fi AP and nighttime light satellite image were included to consider virtual and physical aspects of the urban vitality. With PCA (Principal Component Analysis), five indicators were integrated and transformed to the urban vitality index at census output area by temporal slots. Results show that five clusters with high urban vitality were identified around downtown Daegu, Daegu bank intersection and Beomeo intersection, Seongseo, Dongdaegu station and Chilgok 3 district. Further, the results unveil that the urban vitality index was varied over the same urban space by temporal slots. This study provides the possibility for the integrated use of spatial big data, Wi-Fi AP and nighttime light satellite image as proxy for measuring urban vitality.