마을 공동체 활성화를 위한 소규모 커뮤니티 공간 디자인 - 일동 마을 커뮤니티 공간 ‘마실’ 을 중심으로 -

김철중 ( Cheol Joong Kim ),유석환 ( Seoukhwan Yu ) 한국공간디자인학회 2017 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.12 No.5

(Background and Purpose) The rapid economic growth of modern society accelerated population concentration and personalization in large cities, and as a result, the quality of relationship-oriented life is deteriorating, as can be observed in the loss of community spirit as a village, the absence of community activities, and the severance of local community exchanges. The personalization following the loss of community life has created a new desire for the life which is the basic nature of human being. Thus, a discussion about the importance of village community and community space is newly emerging. Therefore, this study was planned to designate “Masil,” a community space of Ildong Village in Ansan City, Gyeonggi Province, and utilize it as a village community space for a community design development process in collaboration with the village community. (Method) The scope of design development is to design an interior space on the first floor of 572-2, Ildong, Sangrok-gu, Ansan City, and to establish a community center base space in connection with the adjacent regional children's center. For this, first, this study theoretically considers the etymological definition and the essential meaning of community, and analyzes the concept of community design and procedures. Second, this study analyzes the surrounding environment and interior space of the site in a contextual way, and draws out the main spatial factors and utilization plan by collecting opinions of village residents. Third, based on the contents discussed with the residents, the interior space of the site is designed as a village community center base space in connection with the neighboring regional children's center. (Results) The results of this study are as follows. First, it proposed a model to utilize ordinary villas in densely populated downtown villages as village community spaces, suggesting a possibility of establishing small-scale village communities with less capital. Second, by applying the concept of community design, it encouraged the active participation of residents, and enabled the development of a sustainable design. Third, it was designed as a flexible space, where furniture and spatial composition could be arranged in accordance with the purpose of use, so that the utilization of the small space can be maximized. Fourth, it actively linked the space to the surrounding environment to make it recognizable as a local community center base space. (Conclusions) This study proposed a community design development process and results, through collaboration with village communities, and suggested a small community space design model of urban residential complexes for village community formation. This implies that the village residents proposed a flexible multi-purpose space design for community activities by using small spaces themselves in order to realize the ultimate goal of village community revitalization.

서울시 25개 자치구의 마을공동체 조례 분석

우수명,김태동 사회복지법제학회 2019 사회복지법제연구 Vol.10 No.2

In this research, it is to seek the participation of improvement measures and social workers through the analysis of the local government of Seoul City related to the village community. The 25 local governments of Seoul City have already established a village community (village development) ordinance. The results of this study are as follows. First, each ordinance of each local governments has high commonality. However, due to the lack of compulsory resources for achieving the purpose, it is necessary to clarify the support basis of the local governments. Second, we need to improve the power distribution of the villagers and the discriminatory perception of the village community. And according to the value of the community of the village, it entrusts to the inhabitants. Third, support for village communities and resident autonomy should be expanded to achieve the purpose of the village community ordinance. It's to need to support for village community incubators, town leader training and promotion systems. Fourth, we need the attention of the village community's frame. People, the elderly, disabled people, children and women, in the village community are equal and must be developed to grow into independent residents. Finally, the active participation of social welfare organizations for the development of village communities and the establishment of organic networks are necessary. Village community is an important area of ​​community organization that realizes human dignity and social justice. Support through the local government ordinance can greatly contribute to the revitalization of village communities. So there is a need for the active participation of social welfare systems for community social welfare and village community values ​​and practical models. 본 연구는 마을공동체 관련 서울시 자치구 조례의 분석을 통하여 개선 방안 및 사회복지사의 참여를 모색하기 위하여 이루어졌다. 서울시의 모든 자치구에서는 이미 마을공동체(마을만들기) 조례를 제정하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서울시 자치구의 각 조례들은 공통성이 높으나, 목적 실현을 위한 재원의 강행규정이 부족하며, 지자체의 지원 근거를 명확하게 해야 한다. 둘째, 마을주민에 대한 권력 분배나 마을공동체에 대한 차별적인 인식을 개선해야 하며, 마을공동체 가치에 맞게 주민들에게 권한위임이 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 마을공동체 조례 목적 달성을 위한 마을공동체 및 주민자치를 위한 지원을 확대해야 한다. 마을공동체 인큐베이팅, 마을리더 양성 및 지속적인 사업 추진 체계 등 현실적인 지원이 필요하다. 넷째, 마을공동체의 프레임에 대한 관심이 필요하다. 마을공동체에서 주민은 노인, 장애인, 아동, 여성 모두 평등한 주민이며, 주체적인 주민으로 성장하도록 개선해야 한다. 마지막으로, 마을공동체 발전을 위한 사회복지조직의 적극적인 참여와 유기적 연계망 구축이 필요하다. 마을공동체는 인간의 존엄성과 사회정의를 실현하는 지역사회조직의 중요한 축이며, 중요한 영역이다. 지자체의 조례를 통한 지원은 마을공동체 활성화에 크게 기여를 할 수 있기에, 지역사회복지와 마을공동체의 가치와 실천적 모델을 위한 사회복지계의 적극적인 참여가 필요할 것이다.

마을학습공동체와 마을교육공동체 평생교육 정책에 관한 비교연구

신기왕(Shin, Gi-Wang) 한국평생교육학회 2021 평생교육학연구 Vol.27 No.4

이 연구는 그동안 추진된 마을교육공동체와 마을학습공동체 정책사업을 비교, 분석하여 최근 확산하고 있는 마을교육공동체 정책에 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 분석 범주는 마을평생교육 관련 정책의 기원과 목적, 정책의 주체와 변화 과정, 철학과 공동체 의식, 마을과 학교의 협력 거버넌스로 설정하였다. 마을학습공동체는 지역사회교육운동에서 시작되어 정부의 평생학습도시조성 사업으로 추진되었다. 평생학습도시 조성사업은 성인학습활동지원, 지역주민의 학습공간 확보, 평생학습마을 조성사업으로 전개되었다. 마을교육공동체는 학교개혁운동으로 부터 출발하여 교육청의 혁신학교정책으로 전개되었다. 교사들의 자발적인 수업혁신, 교육과정혁신, 민주적 학교운영에 대한 요구가 정책적으로 수용되면서 혁신학교, 혁신교육지구 사업으로 발전되었다. 마을학습공동체는 특정한 대상에 제한된 교육에서 벗어나 모든 사람이 자신의 삶 전체를 통해서 학습에 참여할 기회를 가지는 교육적 권리에 대한 시민적 성취가 그 배경이 되었다. 마을교육공동체는 민주적 학교운영과 학교교육의 혁신을 이루고자하는 교육주체들의 신념에서 비롯되었다. 최근 교육청 주도의 교육공동체 사업과 지자체 주도의 학습공동체 사업이 마을교육공동체로 결합되는 형태가 확산되고 있다. 마을교육공동체 정책의 정착과 발전을 위해서는 공유된 철학과 가치가 융합되고 교육주체 간의 실제적이고 효율적인 협력거버넌스에 체제 구축에 대한 재검토가 필요하다. 더 나아가 일반자치와 교육자치의 기계적 협력 차원을 넘어 마을공동체와 학교공동체, 성인학습과 아동학습이 통합되어 화학적으로 융합된 교육공동체로 나아갈 때 확장될 수 있다. This study compares and analyzes the policies and concepts of the village education community and the village learning community to provide implications for the settlement of the village education community, which is spreading recently. The categories of analysis were set as the origin and the purpose of the policy, the subject and the process of the policy, the philosophy and the community consciousness, and cooperative governance between villages and schools. The village learning community started as a community education movement and became government policy, the lifelong learning city project. The lifelong learning city project aims to support adult learning activities, to secure a learning space for residents, and to create a lifelong learning village. The village education community policy originated from the teacher s education reform movement. As the teachers demands for educational reform were accepted by the innovative school policy and developed innovative education district project. Recently, the education community project promoted by the education government and the community project promoted by local governments are being combined into the village education community project. For the settlement and development of the village education community policy, it is necessary to reexamine the cooperative method between the village and the school for the fusion of shared philosophies and values and to establish a system for practical and effective cooperative governance between educational entities. Furthermore, there is a need to move beyond the mechanical cooperation dimension of general autonomy and educational autonomy to an educational community in which village and school communities, adult learning and child learning are integrated and chemically fused.

모둠살이의 진화

김기홍(Ki Hong Kim) 한국농촌사회학회 2015 農村社會 Vol.25 No.1

본 연구는 최근 마을·공동체·마을공동체에 대한 관심이 높아가는 추세에 맞춰, 그 중심적 개념을 진화적 관점에서 이해하는데 목적이 있다. 기존의 논의에서는 ‘마을=공동체=마을공동체’라는 인식이 존재한다. 하지만, 이는 모둠살이 공간을 지나치게 단순화해 이해한 결과다. 사실 마을·공동체·마을공동체는 모둠살이 공간을 나타내는 대표적 단위이지만, 그 맥락에는 분명한 차이가 있다. 그 차이는 바로 진화적 관점을 접목시킬 때 더욱 분명해진다. 특히 본 연구에서는 진화적 관점을 시간성과 공간성으로 나누고, 여기에 모둠살이의 본질을 통합하는 시도를 했다. 모둠살이의 시간성은 전근대·근대·탈근대로 구분된다. 또, 공간성은 마을·공동체·마을공동체로 분류된다. 아울러 모둠살이의 본질은 개체 단위에서의 자발성, 체계 수준에서의 자족성, 복잡계에서의 지속성으로 나뉜다. 그 결과 모둠살이의 기초로서 ‘마을’은 전근대사회에서 가장 보편적인 형태로, 그 본질은 제한적(restrictive) 자발성·자족성·지속성으로 특징지어 진다. 또 모둠살이의 규모가 확대된 형태로서 ‘공동체’는 근대사회에서 본격적으로 대두되는데, 그 본질은 확장적(extensive) 자발성·자족성·지속성으로 나타난다. 아울러 새로운 가능성을 모색해야 하는 21세기의 모둠살이로서 ‘마을공동체’의 본질은 대안적(alternative) 자발성·자족성·지속성으로 요약된다. 결론적으로 ‘마을=>공동체=>마을공동체’로 등치된 인류의 모둠살이는 ‘마을⇒공동체⇒마을공동체’로 재구성할 때 그 관계가 한층 명확해지고 풍부한 논의가 가능해진다. This study attempts, from the perspective of evolution, to understand how or why the central concepts of village and community and village community are currently highly escalating in public interest. There is an acknowledgement that village and community and village community are used interchangeably to equal one another in the existing discussions. However, this inaccurate perspective results in excessively simplifying the meaning of communal life. In fact, although these all are representative units of communal life, there are obvious differences among village and community and village community. The differences get more obvious when combined with evolutionary viewpoints especially because this study divides the evolutionary view points by temporality and spatiality and tries to integrate the essences of communal life into these two axes. Here temporality is classified as pre-modern, modern, and post-modern, and spatiality is categorized as village, community, and village community. In addition, the essences of communal life are labeled as the spontaneity of individual level, the self-sufficiency of system level, and the sustainability of complexity level. As a result, in pre-modern society, the village, as the basis of communal life, is a generalized type, and thus, essences are characterized by restrictive spontaneity, self-sufficiency, and sustainability. However, in modern society, the community, as the extension of communal life, is much more evident, and essences are now regarded as extensive spontaneity, self-sufficiency, and sustainability. Furthermore, in the post-modern 21st Century, the village community, as a new possibility of communal life, is more common and essences are summarized into alternative spontaneity, self-sufficiency, and sustainability. In conclusion, when spaces of communal life equalized by ‘village= community=village community’ are reconstituted by ‘village⇒ community⇒ village community’, the discussions of communal life can be much more productive and creative.

A Study on the Success Cases of Village company in Gwangju Metropolitan City: Focusing on Village Cafe 'Doori' and Village Company 'Nature Green

장석인 ( Sug-in Chang ),이상은 ( Sang-eun Lee ) 사회혁신기업연구원 2021 혁신기업연구 Vol.6 No.1

최근에 지역사회에 시장의 실패와 정부의 실패에 대응한 방안을 찾으려는 움직임이 확산되고 있다. 이에 따라 지역 주민이 주체가 되어 지역의 자원을 활용하고 지역 문제를 해결하는 마을기업(village company)이 대두하고 있다. 마을기업(village company)는 완전히 정부에만 의존하는 것이 아니라 지역 커뮤니티가 문제해결을 주도함으로써 지역사회의 문제해결과 지역경제 기반구축, 주민의 내생적 향상, 공동체 회복 등을 불러올 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 마을기업(village company)는 영리를 우선하는 비즈니스와 비영리를 우선하는 자원봉사활동의 중간영역적 성격을 가진 비즈니스 형태이다. 본 연구에서는 광주광역시 마을기업(village company)의 성공사례를 분석하고, 커뮤니티 비즈니스 유형별 운영과 관리를 통해 연구 결과와 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 즉 이것은 성숙한 시민의식과 공동체 의식을 기반으로 지역 문제에 대해 관심을 갖고 마을카페 ‘Doori'과 마을기업 ‘자연그린(natural green)' 의 사례를 분석하였다. 사례기업들은 협력적 거버넌스를 통해 관리 및 운영되는 시스템을 가지고 있다. Recently, there has been a widespread movement in the local community to find ways to respond to the failure of the market and the failure of the government. As a result, village companies are emerging that use local resources and solve local problems, with local residents being the main body. Village companies are not entirely dependent on the government, but the local community is leading the way. This has the advantage that it can bring about solving problems in the local community, establishing the foundation for the local economy, improving endogenous residents, and recovering the community. A village company is a business type that has a middle-area nature of business that prioritizes profit and volunteer activities that prioritize non-profit. This study analyzes the success cases of village companies in Gwangju and presents research results and implications through operation and management of each type of community business. In other words, this study analyzed the cases of village cafe “Doori” and village company “natural green” with interest in local issues based on mature citizenship and community consciousness. Case firms had systems managed and operated through collaborative governance.

주민의 마을공동체사업 참여와 참여만족이 공동체의식과 마을만족에 미치는 영향- 마을문화체육행사를 중심으로 -

김권수 ( Kwon Soo Kim ) 관광경영학회 2014 관광경영연구 Vol.62 No.-

This study aims to confirm the effect of participation and participation-satisfaction with village community business on the citizens` community-spirit and village-satisfaction by focusing on culture and sports event such as resident sports event, traditional market, seasonal village festival, regional specialty festival and other village festival. The results from empirical analysis using 1600 citizens living in capital area are as follows. First, participation in resident sports event, seasonal village festival, regional specialty festival and other village festival affects village-satisfaction by perfect mediation of community-spirit and participation in traditional market affects village-satisfaction by partial mediation of community-spirit. Second, participation-satisfaction with resident sports event, seasonal village festival and regional specialty festival affects village-satisfaction by perfect mediation of community-spirit and participation-satisfaction with traditional market and other village festival affects village-satisfaction by partial mediation of community-spirit. Third, the participation in traditional market and participation-satisfaction with other village festival are the most effective village`s culture and sports events on village-satisfaction.

마을공동체의식과 지역사회 관계 분석

정선기(Chung, Sun-kee),송두범(Song, Doo-bum),임현정(Im, Hyun-jung) 한국지역사회학회 2015 지역사회연구 Vol.23 No.4

This research analyzes the relationship between the sense of community of the village residents and the village activities for the villages in the city of Daejeon, which is considered to have formed village communities comparatively well. The research results are as follows. First of all, the difference in the sense of community according to the personal traits of the village residents seem to be high in the elderly of 50s and older and in married women. Secondly, regarding the differences of residence, it was higher with longer duration of residence, higher number of family members, owner-occupied homes, and the sense of community appeared higher in people residing in apartments. However, there were no big differences according to the residential area. Third, according to the recognition of the community organization active in the village, the people who are aware of the community organization of the village and activities showed higher sense of community. Likewise, the sense of community of the residents was analyzed on the villages with relatively active community activities in the village, and though there were no regional differences in the awareness of the community organization, yet the significant relationship with the sense of community was realized according to the awareness. Also, differences in the sense of community appeared according to the personal traits or residence. This signifies that the village community organizations must be approach the residents and the region in more familiar manner in order to heighten the sense of community of the residents. The direction of the village communication activities being actively enforced are suggested.

농촌 마을 공동체 유형에 따른 의식조사- 충남 예산군을 대상으로 -

장우석 ( Woo Seok Chang ),정남수 ( Nam Su Jung ) 한국농촌계획학회 2013 농촌계획 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis of rural village``s community status and consciousness through a questionnaire survey of community leaders and members. Nine types of rural village communities were selected in Korea through a pre-survey of amenity resources data from the Rural Development Administration. Survey items that could determine characteristics of rural village communities were derived from a literature survey of rural village community systems. A questionnaire survey was conducted for 12 Eup-Myeon in Yesan Gun and responses were gathered from 66 community leaders and 1,222 community members. The results derived from the data collected from the community leaders show that 50% percent of rural village communities have been operating for over 25 years, and that community works such as group purchases are carried out based on emotional sympathies between residents. The results derived from the data collected from community members show that on average, community activities are carried out at places that are between 30 and 60 minutes away. Most members are satisfied with regard to the status of their rural village community. A correlation analysis showed that the rural village community satisfaction depended on travel time, community fee, and activity time.

격포어촌계의 사회적 성격에 대한 문화사적 연구- 어촌 사회적경제와 커먼즈의 관점 -

김언상,원도연 한국지역사회학회 2022 지역사회연구 Vol.30 No.3

Currently, Korea's fishing village society is losing vitality, and fishing productivity is also decreasing. In a Korean society surrounded by the sea on three sides, the decline and collapse of the fishing village community can be a serious social problem in another sense. This is because the social values and social and ecological roles that the fishing village community has played so far are very important. One of the things that has overcome the crisis and limitations of the capitalist market economy in Korean society since the 2010s and is seeking the possibility of an alternative economy is the social economy. Although the social economy has also been blowing in fishing village society, the social economy related to fisheries and fishing villages is relatively very vulnerable compared to cities and rural areas. However, in light of the fact that sales and job creation effects are above average, it suggests that fisheries and fishing villages can have considerable competitiveness in the social economy. This study focuses on the 'fishing community', the mainstay of the fishing community, in order to revitalize the fishing village society that has rapidly declined over the past half century. Prior to a full-fledged approach to the fishing village community, the policy flow of the social economy and the pattern of changes in the fishing village community are briefly explained. In addition, through a cultural and historical study of the Gyeokpo Fishing Village with historical value, we will examine the formation history and development process of the fishing village, and summarize the community and social values of the fishing village. The fishing village community needs to be reevaluated from the perspective of the social economy beyond the maintenance and recovery of the fishing village community. It can also be seen as the most typical form of communication in Korean society, and it can be an important basis for the community movement of Korean society in the future. 현재 한국의 어촌사회는 활력을 잃어가고 있으며, 어업생산력 역시 낮아지고 있는 추세다. 삼면이 바다로 둘러싸여있는 한국사회에서 어촌공동체의 쇠퇴와 붕괴는 또 다른 의미에서 심각한 사회문제가 될 수 있다. 지금까지 어촌공동체가 수행해온 사회적 가치와 사회생태적 역할은 매우 중요하기 때문이다. 2010년대 이후 한국사회에서 자본주의 시장경제의 위기와 한계를 극복하고 대안경제의 가능성을 모색하고 있는 것 중의 하나가 사회적경제다. 어촌사회에서도 사회적경제의 바람이 불었지만, 수산업·어촌 관련 사회적경제는 도시와 농촌에 비해 상대적으로 매우 취약한 수준이다. 하지만 매출액 및 일자리 창출 효과에 있어서는 평균 이상의 성과를 거두고 있다는 점을 비추어봤을 때, 수산업과 어촌이 사회적경제 영역에서 상당한 경쟁력을 가질 수 있다는 점을 시사한다. 본 연구는 지난 반세기 동안 급격하게 쇠락한 어촌사회의 활성화를 위해 어촌공동체의 주축인 ‘어촌계’에 주목한다. 어촌계에 대한 본격적인 접근에 앞서 사회적경제의 정책적 흐름과 어촌공동체의 변화양상에 대해 간략하게 설명한다. 그리고 역사적 가치를 지닌 ‘격포 어촌계’의 문화사적 연구를 통해 어촌계의 형성사와 발전과정을 살펴보고, 어촌계가 지닌 공동체성과 사회적 가치에 대해 정리하고자 한다. 어촌계는 어촌공동체의 유지와 회복을 넘어 사회적경제라는 관점에서 재평가될 필요가 있다. 또한 한국사회에서 가장 전형적인 커먼즈의 형태라고 볼 수 있으며, 향후 한국사회의 공동체 운동에 중요한 기반이 될 수 있다.

주도 주체에 따른 진로교육 마을공동체 유형화 연구

정진철,서우석,임소현,박보람,이영광,김채린 한국농·산업교육학회 2020 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.52 No.3

The purpose of this study was to establish and categorize the concept of career education village community. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, various cases of career education village community were selected and analyzed, and Delphi was conducted on the draft type of career education village community according to the leading entity. There were six draft types of career education village communities for each leading subject, but finally three types were derived according to the first Delphi result. The summary of the research results is as follows. First, the definition of the career education village community was derived through conceptual analysis related to the career education village community. Second, as a result of in-depth interviews on the case of career education village community, three types of career education village community were derived, depending on the leading entity: 1) School-focused model 2) Career Center-focused model, and 3) Villlage Education Council-focused model Based on the three types derived from this study, it is necessary to introduce and operate a career education village community that reflects the characteristics of the village. In addition, the support of the Career Center should be reinforced to reduce deviations in villages, strengthen administrative and financial support for regions and villages, and establish a legal basis. Lastly, a plan for the management of a career education village community should be prepared so that it can continue to develop. 이 연구는 진로교육 마을공동체 관련 개념 및 사례를 분석하여 진로교육 마을공동체의 개념을 정립하고 유형화하는 것을 목적으로 진행되었다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해서 다양한 진로교육 마을공동체 사례 선정 및 분석, 주도 주체에 따른 진로교육 마을공동체 유형(안)에 대한 델파이 조사를 실시하였다. 처음 도출된 주도 주체별 진로교육 마을공동체 유형(안)은 연구진이 진로교육 마을공동체 관련 개념, 국내 사례 분석을 통해 도출한 것으로 6개의 유형이었으나, 1차 델파이 결과에 따라 최종적으로 3개의 유형으로 도출되었다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 진로교육 마을공동체 관련 개념 분석을 통해 진로교육 마을공동체의 광의의 정의 및 협의의 정의를 도출하였다. 진로교육 마을공동체의 공간적 규모는 지역과 마을의 개념이 혼용되고 있다는 선행연구의 주장을 기반으로 지역과 구분되는 촌, 동, 리 수준으로 규정하였다. 둘째, 진로교육 마을공동체 관련 사례를 심층 면접한 결과, 진로교육 마을공동체 유형은 주도 주체에 따라 1) 단위학교 주도형, 2)진로체험지원센터 주도형, 3) 마을교육협의체 주도형의 세 가지로 도출되었다. 이 연구에서 도출한 세 가지 유형을 기반으로 마을 특성을 반영한 진로교육 마을공동체의 도입 및 운영이 필요하다. 또한, 진로체험지원센터의 지원을 강화하여 마을의 편차를 줄이고 지역 및 마을의 행·재정적 지원 강화 및 법적 기반이 마련되어야 한다. 마지막으로 진로교육 마을공동체 운영방안을 마련하여 지속 발전할 수 있도록 해야 한다.