두꺼운 트리플 헬릭스: 연구중심대학과 지역혁신체제의 역동적 전환

김종영 한국사회역사학회 2023 담론 201 Vol.26 No.3

지역혁신체제는 과학기술사회학과 대학사회학에서 30여 년간 논의된 중요한 주제다. 지역혁신체제에서 가장 중요한 행위자는 대학, 기업, 정부다. 이 세 행위자를 통합하여 지역혁신체제를 설명하는 방식을 트리플 헬릭스(Triple Helix) 또는 산학관 연계라고 부른다. 이 논문은 지역혁신체제의 성공은 얇은 트리플 헬릭스(Thin Triple Helix)와 대비되는 두꺼운 트리플 헬릭스(Thick Triple Helix)에 있음을 강조한다. 이 논문은 특히 지역혁신체제의 전범으로 평가받는 대표적인 미국의 연구중심대학과 지역혁신체제를 중심으로 트리플 헬릭스의 ‘역동적 전환’(dynamic turn)을 설명하고 두꺼운 트리플 헬릭스의 형성이 지역혁신체제 성공의 핵심이라고 설명한다. 따라서 이 논문은 역사적 사례연구를 중심적인 접근법으로 택한다. 결론적으로 이 논문은 지역혁신체제의 성공은 연구중심대학, 기업, 정부의 누적적이고 창의적인 상호작용에 의한 ‘두꺼운 트리플 헬릭스’의 형성에 달려 있다고 강조한다. The regional innovation system is an important topic that has been discussed in the sociology of science and technology and the sociology of university for over 30 years. The most important actors in the regional innovation system are universities, corporations, and governments. The method of integrating these three actors to explain the regional innovation system is called the Triple Helix or industryacademia- government linkage. This paper emphasizes that the success of the regional innovation system lies in the thick triple helix as opposed to the thin triple helix. In particular, this paper explains the ‘dynamic turn’ of the triple helix, focusing on representative research universities and regional innovation systems in the United States, which are evaluated as models of regional innovation systems, and the formation of a thick triple helix is the key to the success of regional innovation systems. Therefore, this paper adopts historical case studies as its central approach. In conclusion, this paper emphasizes that a successful regional innovation system depends on the formation of a ‘thick triple helix’ by the cumulative and creative interaction of research universities, corporations, and government.

트리플 헬릭스 모형(Triple-Helix Model)을 활용한 주민자치회 이해관계자 집단 간 상호작용 및 성과요인 연구: 사회적 자본의 매개효과를 중심으로

김흥주,강인호,황광선 (재) 한국지방행정연구원 2024 地方行政硏究 Vol.38 No.1

본 연구는 첫째, 읍면동 단위에 설치되어 있는 주민자치회를 중심으로 주민자치의 중요행위자 간의 상호작용을 분석해 실제 이들 간의 어떠한 모습을 보여주고 있는지 살펴보고 주민자치회의 성과요인을 실증적으로 살펴보기 위함이다. 둘째, 사회적 자본이 주민자치회 주요행위자와 주민자치성과 간의 관계를 매개하는 지를 실증적으로 검정하고자 하는데 있다. 트리플 헬릭스 모형(Triple Helix Model) 이론적 모형을 토대로 구조방정식을 활용한 세종시 주민자치회 사례 분석을 하였다. 분석결과 (1) 주민자치회와 읍면동행정 관계(helix1)와 (2) 주민자치회와 의회관계(helix2)는 주민자치 성과에 양의 영향을 주는 것으로 나온다. helix1, helix2와 주민자치 성과의 관계에서 사회적 자본인 효능감과 주민참여는 부분 매개효과를 갖는 것으로 확인된다. 이를 통해 주민자치회 이해관계자의 협력적 상호작용은 사회적 자본을 증대시키며 주민자치회가 활성화될 수 있는 가능성을 열어준다는 점을 생각해 볼 수 있다. 결국, 주민자치회, 읍면동 행정, 지역사회 단체, 그리고 지방의회간의 상호 협력적인 상호작용이 중요하다는 시사점과 함께 정책적 제언을 제시하였다. This study aims to investigate the dynamics among key players in promoting resident self-governance councils, with a focus on resident self-governance councils at the town, township, and dong (neighborhood) levels. The objective is to assess the current state of interactions between these councils and empirically analyze the factors influencing their performance. Additionally, the study seeks to test whether social capital plays a mediating role in the relationship between key actors in residents' self-governance associations and the performance of residents' autonomy. Drawing on the theoretical framework of the Triple Helix Model, the Sejong City Residents' Association serves as a case study, employing structural equations for analysis. The findings indicate that (1) the relationship between residents' self-governing associations and town/village administration (helix1) and (2) the relationship between residents' autonomous associations and the council (helix2) positively impact the performance of resident self-governance councils. Moreover, the study reveals that social capital, efficacy, and resident participation partially mediate the relationship between helix1, helix2, and resident autonomy performance. This suggests that collaborative interactions among stakeholders in neighborhood associations enhance social capital, potentially revitalizing these associations. In the end, he suggested the importance of mutually cooperative interaction between residents' autonomy, Eupmyeon-dong administrations, community groups, and local councils.

The effect of the triple helix system and habitat on regional entrepreneurship: Empirical evidence from the U.S.

Kim, Y.,Kim, W.,Yang, T. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (North-Holland) 2012 RESEARCH POLICY Vol.41 No.1

The 'triple helix' of the university-industry-government relationship and habitat are accepted as important determinants of innovation and entrepreneurship. However, empirical explorations of the effects of these variables and their interrelationships on regional entrepreneurial activities are highly limited. To fill this gap, we investigate the effect of the triple helix system and habitat on birth and death rates of U.S. firms at the state level. As expected, we find that industrial R&D expenditure plays an important role in promoting regional firm birth. However, university and government R&D also generate a synergistic effect that indirectly influences regional firm birth rates. In addition, we find that the synergy between university and industrial R&D enhances the sustainability of firms, while the interactions between (1) university and government R&D and (2) government and industrial R&D are associated with an increase in firm death. Other factors linked to more favorable conditions for firm formation include higher educational attainment in a region, lower tax rate, and habitat factors affecting quality of life, such as lower housing prices and higher rates of health insurance coverage. In regions with high entrepreneurial activity, we find positive synergistic effects of the interactions between (1) university and government R&D and (2) university and industrial R&D on firm birth rate, suggesting that university R&D plays an important role as an 'entrepreneurial mediator' among the three spheres in the triple helix system. In low entrepreneurial regions, the only triple helix system factors significantly influencing firm birth rate were tax rate. This finding suggests that the independent and interdependent components of the triple helix system and habitat are less powerful in low entrepreneurial regions.

트리플 힐릭스 고간 구축을 통한 클러스터의 경로파괴적 진화: 미국 리서치트라이앵글파크 사례

이종호 ( Jong Ho Lee ),이철우 ( Chul Woo Lee ) 한국경제지리학회 2014 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.17 No.2

1950년대에 조성된 RTP는 계획적으로 조성된 첨단 산-학 복합단지임과 동시에 외생적 발전 전략으로 클러스터 기반을 구축한 후, 성장 과정에서 내생적 발전 역량을 갖추게 된 흥미로운 사례이다. 본 논문에서는 외생적 발전 전략에 의해 계획적으로 조성된 RTP가 어떻게 성공적인 진화 경로를 밟게 되었는지, 그 과정과 요인을 트리플 힐릭스공간의 구축 과정을 통해 분석하였다. RTP의 클러스터 형성 초기에는 지식 공간의 존재와 역할이 중요했으나, RTP의고도성장기에 지식 공간이 미친 영향은 상대적으로 미흡했다. 반면에, NC 과학기술위원회는 트리플 힐릭스 합의 공간으로서, RTP의 조성단계에서부터 지금까지 클러스터의 경로파괴적 진화를 견인한 핵심 주체라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 RTP의 지속적 진화 과정에는 노스캐롤라이나 생명공학연구센터(NCBC)와 노스캐롤라이나 마이크로일렉트릭센터(MCNC) 등과 같은 혁신 공간은 클러스터의 트리플 힐릭스 상호작용을 유발하는 핵심 중개기관의 역할을 수행했다. 오늘날, RTP에는 합의 공간을 중심으로 지식 공간과 혁신 공간이 연계되는 구조를 통해 트리플 힐릭스 공간이 구축되어 있으며, 이를 통해 기존 산업 생태계의 역동성을 유지하면서도 새로운 산업 생태계가 성장하는 이른바 역동적 진화구조를 나타내고 있다. Established as the first science park in the world in the late 1950’s, the Research TrianglePark(RTP) has not jut grown significantly but also has been successful in the transition from the exogenousdevelopment model to the endogenous development model. In this context, this paper attempts toexplore the evolutionary path of the RTP by drawing upon the concept of triple-helix spaces of regionalinnovation. Firstly, the three research universities in the triangle area, as a knowledge space, played a fundamentalrole for forming the RTP. However, it is difficult to say that the regional universities, as opposedto the Silicon Valley and the Boston area, have had a significant impact on inducing the dynamics of thecluster evolution and the triple helix spaces. Secondly, it can be argued that the North Carolina’s Board of Science and Technology, which was formed in 1961 but traced back to the 1950’s in its origin, has been acenterpiece of a consensus space that makes a contribution to creating, sustaining and transforming theRTP as a triple-helix-based innovation cluster. Thirdly, there have been a plenty of agents to be an innovationspace in the RTP. Particularly, the North Carolina Biotechnology Center(NCBC) and the MicroelectronicCenter of North Carolina(MCNC) have been the boundary permeable agents to make triplehelixagents interact. Today, the RTP has the triple-helix spaces with the structure that a consensus spacesis centered on out of the three, but all of those are inter-connected and influenced by each other. It can beclaimed that the RTP today shows the dynamic structure of cluster evolution in a way in which the existingindustry sectors have adapted to the changes in external environment and the new industry sectorshave emerged at the same time.

Triple Helix and the Circle of Innovation

Phillips, Fred World Association for Triple Helix and Future Stra 2014 Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol.13 No.1

This paper positions the triple-Helix as a meso-level notion, an epicycle in a grander circle of technological change, institutional change, and psychological change. Because of the differing speeds of these several kinds of change, speed is proposed as a high-level system metric. This implies that what we commonly call bridging agencies or facilitators - lawyers, venture capitalists, incubators, etc. - are better called buffering agencies, as they help to engage entities changing at different speeds. They use human judgment as well as information technologies to choose feasible timing for these engagements. The paper highlights implications for thinking about innovation diffusion: The grand cycle of socio-technical change means we should, rather, think in terms of innovation reinforcement, or a circle of innovation.

Network Arrangements Underlying Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility: Findings from Globalized Cyberspace and Lessons for Asian Regions

Choi, Jin-A,Park, Sejung,Lim, Yon Soo,Nam, Yoonjae,Nam, Inyong,Park, Han Woo World Association for Triple Helix and Future Stra 2021 Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study is to introduce a synergetic configuration of stakeholders, especially government and university, into the corporate social responsibility strategy. The alignment of a company's CSR efforts with its business practices and values must be communicated strategically for effective and successful business outcomes. Therefore, the proposed process of CSR evaluation takes into account the three helices of the Triple-Helix perspective, university, industry, and government (UIG), and investigates how involvement in the Triple Helix actors influence corporations with CSR initiatives. Specifically, whether the public's awareness of a corporation's CSR activities is heightened by the concurrent support of the three helixes will be examined. We propose a methodology that enables corporations to determine effective levels of integration with government and educational institutions. The intensity of Triple-Helix indicators will be examined.

Appropriate Technology and the Triple-Helix Model : A Case Study of Korea-Tanzania Appropriate Technology Center

이수아 적정기술학회 2019 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.5 No.1

In 2017, aiming at developing, educating, and commercializing innovative appropriate technologies that are suitable for Tanzanian environment, the Ministry of Science and ICT in Korea established an innovative technology and energy center in a Tanzanian university. Using the qualitative methodologies such as an ethnography of a research project, document analyses of memoranda of understandings, journal articles, reports, announcements, and newspaper articles, participant observation of formal and informal meetings, and semi-structured interviews with participants engaging in an appropriate technology center, this study examines how triple helix model in S&T innovation has been applied to the development of the Korea-Tanzania appropriate technology center. Despite growing importance in national S&T policies, only few studies have discussed office development aid (ODA) in association with innovation. The analysis of the appropriate technology center with the framework of the triple-helix model shows the close tie between official development aid (ODA) and the cross national innovation promoted in Korea. This study also contributes to understanding embedded organizational structure, conflicts, and barriers of an ODA project in Korea.

클러스터 진화와 트리플 힐릭스 주체의 역할

이철우(Lee, Chulwoo),이종호(Lee, Jong-Ho) 한국지역지리학회 2014 한국지역지리학회지 Vol.20 No.3

본 논문의 목적은 미국 노스캐롤라이나 주의 세계적인 첨단산업 클러스터인 리서치트라이앵글파크(RTP)를 대상으로 클러스터의 진화를 추동하는 트리플 힐릭스 주체들의 역할을 밝히는데 있다. 먼저, 노스캐롤라이나 주정부는 RTP 개념의 구상단계에서부터 트리플 힐릭스 거버넌스 체계를 갖추고 촉진자적 지방정부의 역할을 수행함으로써 RTP가 첨단산업 클러스터로 진화를 하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 하였다. 둘째, 지역 대학들은 RTP의 성장 속도에 비해 기업가주의적 모델로의 전환이 다소 지체된 결과, 클러스터의 진화 역동성에 미치는 영향은 다소 제한적 수준에 그치고 있다. 셋째, RTP는 클러스터 형성 초기 단계부터 지금까지 대기업 중심적 지배구조를 취하고 있으나, 과거에 비해 대기업 스핀오프의 증가 및 산-학-연 네트워크의 활성화를 통해 클러스터의 내생적 발전 기반을 갖추어 나가고 있다. 마지막으로, RTP의 지속적 진화에는 외생적 발전 모델에서 트리플 힐릭스 체계의 구축을 통해 내생적 발전 모델로의 전환이 중요한 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. This paper aims at examining the role of university, industry and government, which constitute the triple-helix innovation system in hi-tech cluster, based on the case of the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Firstly, the state government has played a catalytic role by building the horizontal governance of triple-helix actors. By doing so, the state government has made it possible for not only growing but also transforming the RTP as an high-tech cluster. Secondly, universities in the triangle area have played to some extent a limited role in sustaining the evolution of cluster. Thirdly, the RTP has long been dominated by a small group of large firms. However, the situation has been changed since 1990s, because new start-ups from universities and local large firms and the technology transfer activities between universities and firms have been increased in the RTP and its surrounding area. Finally, it argues that the continuous evolution of the RTP has been to some or large extent influenced by the transition from the exogenous development model to the endogenous development model.

쿼드러플헬릭스 적용을 통한 산학협력 활성화 방안 연구 : 대덕연구개발특구의 기술사업화를 중심으로

홍은영,성을현,안기돈 혁신클러스터학회 2021 혁신클러스터연구 Vol.12 No.1

대덕연구개발특구는 50여년간 혁신클러스터의 좋은 사례가 되어왔으나 융복합 연구 정체, 연구 성과 활용도 미흡, 기술연계 부족 등 주체별 애로사항과 문제점들이 일부 존재하고 있다. 본 연구의 목표는 대덕특구내 산학(연)관협력의 문제점을 사례를 통해 분석하고 이를 통해 앞으로 개선해야할 협력의 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 두 가지 사례분석의 큰 틀은 트리플헬리스모형과 쿼드러플헬릭스모형 이론을 기반으로 한다. 첫 번째, 대덕특구의 산학연관 관계자 심층인터뷰 사례분석을 통해 트리플헬릭스모형 구조하에서 기술사업화의 한계를 발견하였다. 두 번째 사례는 첫 번째 사례를 극복하기 위한 시도로써 진행되었으며, 쿼드러플헬릭스모형 구조의 민간 산학협력중개조직인 ‘코디네이터 협동조합’을 통해 산학(연)관 협력 활성화 방안을 제시하였다. 결론적으로, 기존의 산학(연)관 협력의 트리플헬릭스모형에서 민간조직을 포함한 쿼드러플헬릭스모형의 적용 가능성과 의미를 밝혀내었다. 본 연구는 실증연구에 비해 다소 부족한 사례분석 연구에 이론적 기여가 있길 바라며, 이를 실천하기 위한 실험적 사업을 시도하였다는데 큰 의미가 있다는 점을 강조한다.

The Emergence of Green Chemistry: Triple-Helix for Environmental Science in United States

전준 한국과학기술학회 2013 과학기술학연구 Vol.13 No.1

Green chemistry is a new scientific field which focuses on the design,manufacture, and use of chemical processes that could prevent pollution and at the same time improve yield efficiency. The few who have written on the emergence of green chemistry have not shed light on the political and economic motivations of green chemistry. As a new study of the emergence of green chemistry, this paper focuses on the relationship among the triple helix of academia, industry, and government which has been critical in the emergence of green chemistry. This paper argues that academia, industry and government created a common ground during the emergence of green chemistry under the common goal of sustainable development since its creation in 1991. Green chemists produced the knowledge to improve the synthetic efficiency to prevent pollution, and the chemical industry used green chemistry research to increase the economic profitability of production system. This specific form of alliance was supported and maintained amid a changing national environmental policy toward pollution prevention and a self-regulatory framework.