http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Kim, Yangho,Kim, Jae Woo Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2012 Safety and health at work Vol.3 No.4
This article schematically reviews the clinical features, diagnostic approaches to, and toxicological implications of toxic encephalopathy. The review will focus on the most significant occupational causes of toxic encephalopathy. Chronic toxic encephalopathy, cerebellar syndrome, parkinsonism, and vascular encephalopathy are commonly encountered clinical syndromes of toxic encephalopathy. Few neurotoxins cause patients to present with pathognomonic neurological syndromes. The symptoms and signs of toxic encephalopathy may be mimicked by many psychiatric, metabolic, inflammatory, neoplastic, and degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Thus, the importance of good history-taking that considers exposure and a comprehensive neurological examination cannot be overemphasized in the diagnosis of toxic encephalopathy. Neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging typically play ancillary roles. The recognition of toxic encephalopathy is important because the correct diagnosis of occupational disease can prevent others (e.g., workers at the same worksite) from further harm by reducing their exposure to the toxin, and also often provides some indication of prognosis. Physicians must therefore be aware of the typical signs and symptoms of toxic encephalopathy, and close collaborations between neurologists and occupational physicians are needed to determine whether neurological disorders are related to occupational neurotoxin exposure.
천용희 大韓産業醫學會 1991 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.3 No.2
A 42 year old man visited to our hospital for the diagnosis and evaluation of job relationship of his symptoms through the regional office of the Ministry of Labor. He had been exposed to organic solvents for 13 monthes. On one day, he was exposed to high concentration of organic solvents and lost his consciousness, fell down on the floor and remained for some minutes. After that accident, he felt headache, dizziness, light headness, weakness and memory disturbance. On neurologic examinations, memory functions and cognitive process were impaired severely. The function of cerebellum was also impaired. The laboratory test-Chest PA, CBC, urine analysis, EMG, EEG, brain CT-were all normal. It was concluded that symptoms were caused by organic solvents. And the diagnosis was toxic encephalopathy.
Oxycodone을 과용한 환자에게서 발생한 급성 독성 뇌병증 1례
김선표,이동현,윤대흥,김성중,조수형,조남수,김병철,조수형 대한응급의학회 2008 大韓應急醫學會誌 Vol.19 No.5
Acute encephalopathies can be defined as an acute central nervous system (CNS) insult, due to an underlying pathology. The clinical symptoms almost always include an acute state of confusion and cognitive impairment. Toxic encephalopathies can occur acutely or chronically depending on the toxic drugs and other substances as well as the individual metabolism of the drug. The organs acutely affected include the heart, lung and kidneys. However, the brain, spinal cord and sympathetic nerves can be affected chronically. If the toxic substance passes through the bloodbrain barrier into the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland, the result can be diabetes insipidus. If the substance affects the anterior pituitary gland, the result can include hormone dysfunction, impaired immune function and altered cognition or personality. We report a patient that developed acute toxic encephalopathy after the prescribed dose of oxycodone was exceeded.
An aggravated return-to-work case of organic solvent induced chronic toxic encephalopathy
Sangyun Seo,Jungwon Kim 대한직업환경의학회 2018 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.30 No.-
Background: Organic solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy (CTE) is known as a non-progressive disorder that does not progress after diagnosis. The authors present a case those symptoms worsened after continued exposure to organic solvent after returning to work. Because such a case has not been reported in South Korea to the best of our knowledge, we intend to report this case along with literature review. Case presentation: A 59-year-old man, who performed painting job at a large shipyard for 20 years, was receiving hospital treatment mainly for depression. During the inpatient treatment, severe cognitive impairment was identified, and he visited the occupational and environmental medicine outpatient clinic for assessing work relatedness. In 1984, at the age of 27, he began performing touch-up and spray painting as a shipyard painter. Before that he had not been exposure to any neurotoxic substances. In 2001, at the age of 44, after 15 years of exposure to mixed solvents including toluene, xylene and others, he was diagnosed with CTE International Solvent Workshop (ISW) type 2A. After 7 years of sick leave, he returned to work in 2006. And he repeated return-to-work and sick leave in the same job due to worsening of depressive symptoms. He had worked four times (2006–2010, 2011–2011, 2011–2011, 2016–2017) for a total of 5 years as a shipyard painter after first compensation. During the return-to-work period, the mean values of the mixed solvent index ranged from 0.57 to 2.15, and except for a one semiannual period, all mean values were above the standard value of 1. We excluded other diseases that can cause cognitive impairment like central nervous system diseases, brain injury, psychological diseases and metabolic diseases with physical examinations, laboratory tests, and brain image analysis. And finally, throughout neuropsychological tests, an overall deterioration in cognitive function was identified compared to 2002, and the deterioration types was similar to that often shown in the case of CTE; thus a diagnosis of CTE (ISW) type 3 was made. Conclusion: This case is showing that CTE can go on with continued exposure to mixed solvents. Appropriate “fitness to work” should be taken to prevent disease deterioration especially for the sick leave workers.
제초제 음독 후 발생한 신경학적 후유증으로 사지마비, 인지저하를 호소한 환자의 한의치료 증례보고 1례
심상송,안재윤,진효원,윤종민,문병순,Shim, Sang-song,Ahn, Jae-yoon,Jin, Hyo-won,Yun, Jong-min,Moon, Byung-soon 대한한방내과학회 2021 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.42 No.5
This study is a case report of Korean medicine treatment for a patient with quadriplegia and impaired cognition as neurological sequelae after ingestion of herbicides. A 59-year-old man with toxic encephalopathy and hypoxic encephalopathy after the ingestion of herbicides was treated with acupuncture, Hyulbuchuko-tang mixed with Ondam-tang-gami (血府逐瘀湯合溫膽湯加味), cupping, moxibustion, and rehabilitation. Clinical symptoms were measured with the Manual Muscle Test (MMT), Korean Mini Mental Status Exam (K-MMSE), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI). After three months of treatment, clinical symptoms improved. The motor function improved (MMT on both sides, Gr. 3+F/4G→Gr. 4-G~4G/4+G), cognition improved (K-MMSE, 13→21), and ADL (Activities of Daily Living) scores also improved (FIM 41→74; MBI 20→63). Korean medical treatment could effectively treat neurological sequelae after ingestion of herbicides in this case.
Metronidazole Induced Encephalopathy in a Patient with Brain Abscess
Bahn, Yoo-Chang,Kim, Eun-Young,Park, Chon-Goon,Park, Hyung-Chun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2010 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.48 No.3
Metronidazole is commonly used for brain abscess but is not well known for its neurotoxic complications. Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy (MIEP) is toxic encephalopathy associated with the use of metronidazole. We experienced a case of brain abscess which developed reversible severe MIEP during treatment period. Although MIEP occurs in typical locations, it is not easy to differentiate from other conditions such as cerebral infarction, demyelinating diseases and metabolic diseases. Neurosurgeons should be aware that severe MIEP can occur during the use of metronidazole though it is not common.
A Rare Case of Viagra Induced Toxic Encephalopathy
정수연,전세정,김유리,최시성,곽효성 대한자기공명의과학회 2016 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.20 No.3
Viagra has been prescribed worldwide to treat men with erectile dysfunction. Clinical trials have shown that Viagra may cause various kinds of adverse effects include some central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects. Although extremely rare, toxic encephalopathy also can be one of those effects. This report presents a case of encephalopathy caused by Viagra in correlation with its radiologic findings. Its pharmacologic mechanism and potential effects on the biochemistry of the CNS are reviewed.
A Rare Case of Viagra Induced Toxic Encephalopathy
Jeong, Soo Yeon,Jeon, Se Jeong,Kim, Youe Ree,Choi, See-Sung,Kwak, Hyo Sung Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2016 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.20 No.3
Viagra has been prescribed worldwide to treat men with erectile dysfunction. Clinical trials have shown that Viagra may cause various kinds of adverse effects include some central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects. Although extremely rare, toxic encephalopathy also can be one of those effects. This report presents a case of encephalopathy caused by Viagra in correlation with its radiologic findings. Its pharmacologic mechanism and potential effects on the biochemistry of the CNS are reviewed.