中風의 治療에 있어 淸熱法에 對한 文獻的 考察

강화정,문병순 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The literatual study on the therapy for cleaning away heat with apoplexy therapy, the result were obstained as follows. 1. In apoplexy therapy, therapy for clearing away heat is used excessive heart - fire by overacting of the five emotions, liver fire, deficiency of kidney - fluid, wind - heat. 2. The fire of aetiology of apoplexy is used therapy for clearing away heat, in aspect of viscera and bowels, divided into heat-fire, liver-fire, deficiency fire of kidney yin, wetness-phlegm of spleen heat. The treatment is clear away heart-fire, clear away liver-fire, clear away spleen-heat and sthenic water. 3. Symptom of excessiveness symptom-complex is used therapy for clearing away heat that are fever, flushed face, halitosis, heart burn, easy anger, apoplestic stroke, unconsciousness, trismus, paratysis, constipation, red tongue with yellow coat, taut-smooth pulse or full rapid pulse and symptom of insufficiency symptom - complex that are dizziness, tinitus, blurring of vision, deficiency sleeping, dreaminess, lassitude of the loins and legs, hemiplegia, red tongue with white coat or thin - yellow coat, taut- therapy-rapid pulse. 4. Therapy for norish vital essence - clearing away heat is availed in excessive fire caused by deficiency of yin of the liver and kidney, therapy for break through phlegm - clearing away heat in stagnant, heat, therapy for waking up a patient from unconsciousness - clearing away heat in stagnant heat, therapy for waking up a patient from unconsciousness - clearing away heat yang type sthenia - syndrom of coma of apoplexy involving viscera and bowels. 5. Commonly used recipes of therapy for clearing away heat are Yang gyoksan(凉膈散), Bang pungtongseongsan(防風通聖散), Sotongseongsan(小桶聖散), Jibodan(至寶丹), Supungsungisan(授風腥氣散), Woowhangchengshimwhan(牛黃淸心丸), Chengungsekgotang(川芎石膏湯), Samwhatang(三化湯) etc in excessiveness symptom - complex, and are Yukmihiwhangweon(六味地黃元), Jiwhangtang(地黃湯), Palmiji whangtang(八味地黃湯) etc in insufficiency sumptom - complex.

비인두강 종양의 방사선치료성적

노영주(Young Ju Nho),조정길(Jeong Gill Cho),안승도(Seung Do Ahn),최은경(Eun Kyung Choi),김종훈(Jong Hoon Kim),강원철(One Chul Kang),장혜숙(Hyesook Chang) 대한방사선종양학회 1997 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.15 No.4

목 적 : 비인두강종양의 방사선치료의 결과를 후향적으로 분석하여 방사선치료의 효과와 예후인자를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1989년부터 1996년까지 서울중앙병원에서 비인두강종양으로 진단받고 근치적 방사선치료를 시행한 56명을 대상으로 하였다. 병기별로 보면 T1, T2, T3, T4가 각각 17, 10, 11, 18명이었고 N0, N1, N2, N3가 각각 11명, 27명, 4명, 14명이었다. 근치적 방사선치료만 시행한 환자는 28명, 유도항암요법을 병용한 환자는 7명, 매주 CDDP 항암요법을 병용한 환자는 21명이었다. 조사량은 6940-8620cGy였고 중앙값은 7440cGy였다. 외부방사선조사 60Gy이후 원발병소에 대한 부가적치료는 1명은 외부방사선조사, 46명은 강내조사, 9명은 삼차원 입체조형치료를 받았다. 추적관찰기간은 5-92개월이었고 중앙값은 34개월이었다. 결 과 : 전치료후 47명은 완전관해, 8명은 부분관해, 1명은 무반응을 보였다. 5년 생존율은 67.2%, 5년 무병생존율은 53.6%이였다. 국소재발이 생긴 시기는 6-45개월(중앙값 : 14개월)이었으며 전신적 전이가 생긴 시기는 3-49개월(중앙값 : 16개월)이었다. 8명의 환자(14.3%)에서 국소재발이 발생하였고 18명의 환자(32.1%)에서 전신적 전이가 발생하였다. T3나 T4 환자 중 강내조사를 받은 20명중 4명(20%)에서 원발병소에 재발이 있었고 삼차원 입체조형치료를 받은 9명 중 1명(11%)에서 원발병소에 재발이 발생하였다. 전신적 전이는 골전이가 가장 많았다. 생존율에 영향을 주는 예후인자로는 생존율에는 KPS( P=0.005), 방사선치료에 대한 반응(P=0.0001)이 통계학적으로 유의하였고 무병생존율에는 KPS(P=0.02), 방사선치료에 대한 반응(P=0.005)이 통계학적으로 유의하였다. 국소재발과 관련있는 예후인자는 없었으며 원격전이와 관련있는 예후인자는 N stage(P=0.06), 병기(P=0.06)가 다소 의미있는 경향을 보였고, 방사선치료에 대한 반 응(P=0.009)이 통계학적으로 유의하였다. 결 론 : 비인두강종양에서 방사선치료로 5년생존율 67.2%이었고 5년 무병생존율은 53.6%이였다. 재발양상을 보면 국소재발보다는 전신적 전이율이 높음을 알 수 있었고 항암치료와의 병용은 관련이 없었다. T3 혹은 T4 병기에서 삼차원 입체조형치료를 받은 환자에 대해서는 앞으로 추적관찰이 좀더 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 앞으로 국소관해를 높이기 위한 방사선치료방법과 전신적 전이율의 감소를 위한 항암요법에 관한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose : This is a retrospective study to evaluate the results of radiation therapy and prognostic factors influencing the results in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods : From October 1989 to May 1996, 56 patients were treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma at Department of Radiation Oncology. According to stage, patients were distributed as follows : stage I (2), II (13), III (11), IV (30). Twenty-eight patients were treated with radiation therapy only, 7 patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy. Twenty-one patients were treated with radiation therapy and weekly CDDP. After external beam radiotherapy of 60Gy, 46 patients received boost dose with intracavitary radiation and 9 patients with 3D conformal therapy. One patient received boost dose with 2 dimensional photon beam therapy. The tumor dose ranged from 69.4Gy to 86.2Gy with median dose of 74.4Gy. The follow -up period ranged from 5 months to 92 months with a median of 34 months. Results : Forty-seven patients achieved complete response and 8 patients showed partial response. One patient showed minimal response. Patterns of failure were as follows : locoregional recurrence (8) and distant metastasis (18). Among these patients, 2 patients failed locoregionally and distantly. The sites of distant metastasis were bone (8), lung (8) and liver (4). Five years survival rate was 67.2% and 5 years disease-free survival rate was 53.6%. KPS (P=0.005) and response of radiation therapy (P=0.0001) were significant prognostic factors for overall survival. KPS (P=0.02) and response of radiation therapy (P=0.005) were significant prognostic factors for disease-free survival. Conclusion : This retrospective study showed that distant metastasis was the predominant pattern of relapse in nasopharyngeal cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or weekly CDDP did not influence the distant metastasis-free survival. For advanced T stage, 3D conformal therapy provided an improved dose coverage compared to ICR. But further follow -up was needed in patients with 3D conformal therapy to assess the efficacy of this therapy. Development of techniques of radiation therapy to improve locoregional control and of more effective systemic chemotherapy regimen are needed.

Proton Therapy Review: Proton Therapy from a Medical

Lee, Se Byeong Korean Society of Medical Physics 2020 의학물리 Vol.31 No.3

With hope and concern, the first Korean proton therapy facility was introduced to the National Cancer Center (NCC) in 2007. It added a new chapter to the history of Korean radiation therapy. There have been challenging clinical trials using proton beam therapy, which has seen many impressive results in cancer treatment. Compared to the rapidly increasing number of proton therapy facilities in the world, only one more proton therapy center has been added since 2007 in Korea. The Samsung Medical Center installed a proton therapy facility in 2015. Most radiation oncology practitioners would agree that the physical properties of the proton beam provide a clear advantage in radiation treatment. But the expensive cost of proton therapy facilities is still one of the main reasons that hospitals are reluctant to introduce them in Korea. I herein introduce the history of proton therapy and the cutting edge technology used in proton therapy. In addition, I will cover the role of a medical physicist in proton therapy and the future prospects of proton therapy, based on personal experience in participating in proton therapy programs from the beginning at the NCC.

Vision Therapy 프로그램의 양안시기능 개선 효과에 대한 메타분석

이정윤,박천만 한국안광학회 2015 한국안광학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: In order to aggregate effect of the improvement of binocular vision function by vision therapy, total mean effect size, mean effect size by dependent variables, and effect size by characteristics of the subjects and characteristics of treatment were analyzed by meta-analysis. Methods: We analyzed data from 14 Korean National primary studies, which reported effects of vision therapy programs, using meta-analysis. Results: The effect size of total mean was 1.207, which showed high effect. The mean effect size according to the subcategory of the binocular dysfunctions was the highest for vergence dysfunctions group (2.989), followed by accommodative dysfunctions group (0.868) and group with both vergence dysfunctions and accommodative dysfunctions (0.692). The effect size according to the characteristics of the subjects was the highest in the vision therapy conducted in the binocular dysfunctions group (2.509) that had no other dysfunctions. The mean effect size according to the number of programs was the highest (2.310) for 7 times a week. Vision therapy for improving the binocular functions was the most effective (2.019) in 8 weeks later from vision therapy start. Conclusions: It can prove that the therapy for the improvement of binocular vision function is effective through that each result of the vision therapy effect is converted to mean effect size, and being objectifying the mean effect size. 목적: Vision therapy 프로그램이 양안시기능 개선에 주는 효과를 통계적으로 종합하기 위하여 전체평균 효과크기, 종속변수별 평균 효과크기 그리고 대상특성과 처치특성에 따른 효과크기를 메타분석 기법을 이용하여 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 자료의 분석을 위해 vision therapy 프로그램을 적용하고 그 효과를 분석한 국내 선행연구 14편을 선정하여 메타분석하였다. 결과: 전체평균 효과크기는 1.207로 높은 수준의 효과크기를 나타내었다. 양안시이상 유형별하위영역의 평균 효과크기는 버전스 이상 그룹(2.989)이 가장 높았으며, 조절기능이상 그룹(0.868), 조절기능과 버전스 모두 이상이 있는 그룹(0.692) 순이었다. 대상특성에 따른 효과크기는 중복장애가 없는 양안시이상 그룹(2.509) 을 대상으로 실시한 vision therapy가 가장 컸으며, 주당횟수별 평균 효과크기는 주당 7회의 처치 때 2.310으로 가장 큰 효과크기를 나타내었다. 그리고 처치기간에 따른 효과크기는 8주에서 2.019로 양안시기능 개선을 위한 vision therapy가 가장 효과적이었다. 결론: Vision therapy 효과에 대한 각각의 연구결과를 평균 효과크기로 변환하고 이를객관화하는 방법을 통해 양안시기능 개선을 위한 치료가 효과적임을 증명할 수 있었다.

3D 모션입력장치를 이용한 거울치료가 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 운동 기능, 삶의 질, 우울감에 미치는 영향

박정원 ( Park Jungwon ),최호석 ( Choi Hosuk ),신원섭 ( Shin Wonseob ) 대한통합의학회 2016 대한통합의학회지 Vol.4 No.4

PURPOSE : The purpose of this study was to identify whether 3D motion input device based mirror therapy could improve on upper extremity function, quality of life and depression in chronic stroke patients METHOD : Thirty six patients with chronic stroke were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups: 3D leapmotion mirror therapy group, mirror therapy group, and sham therapy group. 3D leapmotion mirror therapy group performed 3D motion input device based mirror therapy, mirror therapy group performed general mirror therapy, control group performed sham therapy. All patients received a total of 15 exercise session over a 5 week period (three times per week). Fugl-Meyer Assessment-upper extremity(FMA-UE), Stroke Specific-Quality of Life(SS-QOL), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) were performed prior to and five weeks after the treatment RESULT : Subjects in the 3D leapmotion mirror therapy group showed significant improvements in upper extremity function, quality of life and depression following training. The changes of upper extremity function, quality of life and depression in the 3D leapmotion mirror therapy group were significantly more than them of the control group. CONCLUSION : The result of this study suggest that 3D motion input device based mirror therapy is an intervention to improve on upper extremity function, quality of life and depression in chronic stroke patients.

오(吳) 사기(師機)의 외치법(外治法)에 대한 연구(硏究) - ${\ll}$이륜병문(理淪騈文)${\gg}$ 중 <속증약언(續增略言)> 을 중심(中心)으로 -

전재홍,최인화,Jeon, Jae-Hong,Choi, In-Hwa 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2005 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Objectives : In order to comprehend and utilize external therapy, we considered that we needed to research Wu Shi-Ji who was a medical specialist of external therapy. We looked at the special study on external therapy in his book, ${\ll}li-yao-pian-wen{\gg}$, especially <xu-zeng-lue-yun> ; in this part his generai approach to external therapy was well-detaiied. Methods : We translated and analyzed <xu-zeng-lue-yun>. Results : In <xu-zeng-lue-yun>, he gives a supplementary explanation about the insufficient attention paid to external therapy, 膏(gao) - (ti) 坐(zuo) (yu) 抹(mo) 纏法(chan fa), through San Jiao(三焦). And he insisted on his conception of external therapy: ointment(膏) and the moth of sneezing, sitting on herbs(坐), steaming or attaching herbs patients's navel, rubbing(抹) and binding(縛), based on ${\ll}nei-jing{\gg}$ and ${\ll}shang-han-lun{\gg}$. He put forward the general rules of external therapy using those methods. And through <xu-zeng-lue-yun>, he explained that the efficacy of his external therapy was basically the same as internal therapy and medicine, the only difference was in the method. In addition, this external therapy has some merits when compared with internal medicine. First, it's easier to diagnose a disease and treat patients compared to internal medicine. For instance, when a patient has a problem with his abdomen, we just have to diagnose a disease of the abdomen and treat using one method of external therapy on the abdomenal area. Second, external therapy has fewer side effects. And third, we can utilize the meridian theory when we use external therapy. Conclusions : Through <xu-zeng-lue-yun>, we basically understood his conception of external therapy. Although more research is needed, we suggest that we need to enlarge our usage of external therapy, not just confine ourselves to smaller areas of focus. His point of view suggests that external therapy is not merely an adjunct to internal therapy, but an interdependent course of study and action in its own right.

산림치유 효과 검증 연구의 주요어 분석을 통한 치유 발현과정 해석

박경자 ( Kyeong-ja Park ),신창섭 ( Chang-seob Shin ),김동수 ( Dongsoo Kim ) 한국산림과학회(구 한국임학회) 2021 한국산림과학회지 Vol.110 No.1

본 연구는 산림치유인자를 활용한 숲 활동이 면역력증진과 건강증진으로 이어지는 산림치유 효과의 발현과정을 이론적 그리고 정성적으로 분석하고 산림치유 개념을 정밀화하고 체계화하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구분석자료는 산림치유관련 기관 웹사이트와 2000년에서 2020년 3월까지 산림치유로 검색되는 33편의 석·박사 학위논문과 33편의 전문학술지논문의 주요어, 2016년 산림치유 체험수기 공모전 입상작에 나타난 명사와 형용사 빈도수에 근거하여 워드클라우드를 생성하였다. 단어 빈도수를 근거로 한 해석으로 산림치유 요인을 도출하고 치유 효과의 발현과정을 추론하여 산림치유에 대한 개념을 정의하였다. 산림 치유력의 원천은 산림치유인자와 함께 숲에 대한 긍정적 경험과 자연에 대한 태도가 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 치유효과는 산림치유프로그램을 통해 극대화되고, 신체적 정신적 회복력과 저항력으로 이어지며, 결과적으로 건강증진, 면역력 증진으로 나타난다. 본 연구는 산림치유란 “대상자들의 숲에 대한 긍정경험 및 태도와 산림의 환경요소를 매개로 대상자들의 심리적, 신체적, 영적 회복력을 위한 건강증진 활동”이라 제안한다. In this study, the validity of the forest therapy process, in which forest activities using forest therapy factors lead to immunity promotion and health promotion, was analyzed theoretically and qualitatively to refine and systemize the forest therapy concept. Research and analysis data were collected from the websites of institutions related to forest therapy; 33 theses and 33 original research articles from 2000 to March 2020 were searched for forest therapy key words, as well as the prize winning work of the 2016 forest therapy experience essay. A word cloud was generated by frequency of nouns and adjectives and from the key words in the web pages, theses, articles, and the forest therapy experience essay. Through interpretation of word frequency, the systemic flow of forest therapy was defined. The results suggest that the source of forest therapy's power was a positive experience of the forest and an improved attitude toward nature as well as forest therapeutic factors. The therapeutic effect is maximized through the forest healing program, leading to physical and mental resilience and resistance; consequently, health and immunity are promoted. From this study, forest therapy is proposed as “a health promotion activity for the psychological, physical, and spiritual resilience of the subjects through various environmental factors of the forest, positive experiences, and attitudes toward the forest.”

보웬테라피의 요통 개선효과

박소현(So Hyun Park),김미영(Mi Young Kim),문덕환(Deog Hwan Moon) 한국인체미용예술학회 2016 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.17 No.2

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of Bowen therapy on low back pain in the present day. For this, a total of 30 women in their 30-40s who received therapy from an aesthetic salon were divided into a Bowen Therapy group and relaxation group. The two groups were compared before therapy and after the receiving of therapy once, twice and 3 times, using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Likert scale. The study results found the following: First, according to analysis of the severity of pain felt by the respondents by general characteristics, those in their 40s had greater pain than those in their 30s. In addition, the severity of pain felt by the respondents was greater when they had prior treatment in a hospital. Second, the severity of pain felt by the respondents between the Bowen therapy group and relaxation group measured with the VAS diminished over time compared to the level before therapy. The difference in the severity of pain by time of therapy given significantly decreased. However, no difference was found between the two groups. In the Bowen therapy group measured using the VAS, the severity of pain decreased in areas including impact on daily living, pain at night, inconvenience in the use of lower back, inconvenience in walking and inconvenience at work after therapy was received three times. Third, a difference in the severity of low back pain measured using a Likert scale before and after therapy significantly decreased in both the Bowen therapy and relaxation groups and no difference was observed in terms of therapy method.

지적장애인을 대상으로 한 미술치료 연구 메타분석: 국내 실험 연구를 중심으로

박영근 한국특수아동학회 2017 특수아동교육연구 Vol.19 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the overall effect size of art therapy on the people with intellectual disabilities(ID) and the difference of effect size according to moderator variable. Method: For the purpose of this study, a meta-analysis of 34 research cases in 18 articles using art therapy for people with ID was conducted. Results: The results of this study were as follows. Art therapy had high effect size on people with ID in general. The mean effect size according to each developmental period was in the order of elementary school students, adults, high school students, middle school students, and the mean effect size according to affiliation was higher for people with ID of working activity center and special classroom than other group students. In terms of art therapy types, both group and individual art therapy showed high effect size. There was no difference of effect size according to the length of art therapy and the hours of each art therapy. The effect size of art therapy was higher when art therapy was implemented more often. However, there was no difference of effect size according to the number of member in group art therapy. Conclusion: When using art therapy interventions for people with ID, art therapists have to consider the effective art therapy environment. 연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 지적장애인을 대상으로 적용된 미술치료 연구의 전반적인 효과와 각 조절변인별 중재 효과의 크기를 알아보는데 있다. 연구방법: 연구의 목적을 위하여 지적장애인을 대상으로 미술치료 프로그램을 실시한 실험연구 18편 중 34개의 연구 사례를 선정하여 각 연구에서 제시한 결과를 메타분석 하였다. 연구결과: 본 연구의 결과를 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미술치료 프로그램의 전반적 효과크기를 살펴본 결과 미술치료 프로그램이 지적장애인들에게 상당히 큰 효과를 지니고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 각 발달기별 평균 효과크기는 초등학생, 성인, 고등학생, 중학생의 순으로 나타났으며, 소속유형별로 평균 효과크기를 살펴본 결과 작업활동시설의 성인과, 특수학급에 소속된 지적장애 학생들에게 더욱 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 미술치료 유형별 평균 효과크기는 집단미술치료와 개별미술치료 모두에서 큰 효과를 보여주었다. 미술치료 중재 회귀별 평균 효과크기를 살펴본 결과 회귀의 길이에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았고, 미술치료 1회기당 시행시간별로 평균 효과크기를 비교해 본 결과도 미술치료 1회기 길이에 따른 유의미한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 미술치료 프로그램의 주당 시행횟수별 비교에서는 주당 시행횟수가 많을수록 더욱 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 미술치료 프로그램의 유형 중 집단미술치료 프로그램의 집단 구성원 수에 따라서는 집단별로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 결론: 지적장애인을 위해 미술치료 중재를 활용할 때 반드시 미술치료사는 효과적인 미술치료 중재를 위한 환경조성을 위해 노력해야만 한다.

프로톤펌프억제제 포함 표준요법 실패 후 Helicobacter pylori 감염 구제요법

서영환 ( Young Hwan Seo ),이수연 ( Su Yeon Rhie ),박범준 ( Bum Joon Park ),김형준 ( Hyung Joon Kim ),김재규 ( Jae Gyu Kim ) 대한내과학회 2008 대한내과학회지 Vol.74 No.1

목적: 국내에서 Helicobacter pylori를 제균하기 위해 사용되는 PPI 표준 삼제요법과 bismuth 포함 사제 요법은 적지 않은 제균 실패율은 보이고 있다. 이번 연구의 목적은 일차제균 치료에 실패한 환자에서 이차 치료로 bismuth 포함 사제요법과 삼차 치료로 rifabutin 포함 삼제요법의 H. pylori 제균율을 분석하고, 구제요법으로서의 역할에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2004년 7월부터 2006년 10월까지 중앙대학교 필동병원과 용산 병원을 내원하여 상부위장관 내시경 검사에서 H. pylori 감염 진단을 받고 PPI 삼제요법 치료에 실패한 52명의 환자를 대상으로 이차 bismuth 삼제요법을 시행하였다. 또한 이차 제균에 실패한 3명의 환자를 대상으로 rifabutin 포함 삼제요법으로 삼차 구제요법을 시행하였다. 또한 연령, 성별, 질환, 음주, 흡연, 그리고 NSAIDs 복용력에 따른 제균율을 분석하였다. 결과: Bismuth 포함 사제요법의 제균율은 84.6%였으며, rifabutin 포함 삼제요법의 제균율은 100%였다. 연령, 성별. 질환, 음주, 흡연, 그리고 NSAIDs 복용력에 따른 의미있는 통계학적 유의성은 보이지 않았다. 결론: Bismuth 포함 사제요법은 PPI 포함 일차 삼제요법 실패 후 이차 치료로 여전히 효과적이며, rifabutin 포함 삼제요법도 국내에서 이차 치료 실패 시 삼차 구제요법으로 사용되어질 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. Background/Aims: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection is widely used, but it has a considerable failure rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of rescue therapies with a quadruple regimen and a rifabutin-based regimen for patients who experienced failure with PPI-based standard triple therapy. Methods: From July 2004 through October 2006, 52 patients for whom first-line triple therapy (PPI, amoxicillin and clarithromycin) had failed were included in this study. They were treated with a quadruple regimen for 7 days (PPI, bismuth, tetracycline and metronidazole) as a second-line therapy. For third?line therapy, a rifabutin-based regimen (PPI, rifabutin and amoxicillin) was prescribed for 14 days. The H. pylori status was determined before and at least 4 weeks after therapy by the 13C urea breath test or by endoscopy with antral and corpus biopsies for a rapid urease test, histological examination and culture. Results: The mean age was 52.6 years. Thirteen patients (25%) of the 52 patients were dropped. The eradication rate of the quadruple therapy was 84.6% (33/39). Three patients of the 6 failures with quadruple therapy were then treated with the rifabutin-based regimen. The eradication rate of the rifabutin-based therapy was 100% (3/3). Adverse effects (10.2%) were reported in 4 patients who were treated with quadruple regimen. Conclusions: The quadruple regimen is still an effective second-line therapy for Korean patients who experience failure with PPI-based standard triple therapy. The rifabutin-based regimen could be used as a third-line rescue therapy in Korea. (Korean J Med 74:23-29, 2008)