고등학생 필자의 참고자료 활용 전략 분석

최건아 ( Geon Ah Choi ) 한국어교육학회(구 한국국어교육연구학회) 2013 국어교육 Vol.0 No.141

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ways student writers use source texts for their own composition. In this study, 60 high school students read 5 source texts and wrote a text using informations in those source texts. This study found out that 10th grade students tended to focus on source texts which contain informations being strongly related to the writing task`s topic. The results of participants` evaluation of 5 whole source texts` usefulness, however, was not unanimous. Some students` reason to evaluate source texts was based on the existence of useful informations; on the other hand, some students focused on their own reading ability, personal interest or learning. Also, participants tended to evaluate the result of their information selecting practice negatively rather than positively and felt that they struggled to read source texts and to select informations. This indicates that many students did not have sufficient experience to use source texts to write information texts. Educators need to find out ways to help student writers use source texts and select information proficiently.

Lexical Profiles of Korean EFL Summary Writing From Online Spoken Texts

유영숙 현대영어교육학회 2016 현대영어교육 Vol.17 No.3

This study explores Korean university students’ vocabulary use in summary writing from three different spoken texts. One hundred and thirty eight summary writing samples from 46 first-year university students were analyzed using VocabProfile to see whether the three spoken texts lead to different lexical profiles according to source texts and English language proficiency levels (vocabulary and reading scores on TOEIC). VocabProfile is an online program that classifies words in texts into first (K1) and second thousand (K2) levels, academic words (AWL), and the remainder or off-list words (OLW) based on word frequency lists. The data analysis revealed that students’ lexical profiles in summary writing from three source texts were significantly different from each other with respect to all words except for AWL. Especially, the lexical distribution patterns in the summary writing samples were very similar to those in the three source texts. In terms of English proficiency levels in reading and vocabulary, no significant difference in lexical profiles was found according to students’ reading scores, while students’ vocabulary scores yielded significant differences in CW and OLW of the third source text, with no differences in the other two written summaries from the rest of the source texts. These findings suggest that, in comparison to reading and vocabulary proficiency, source text has a greater influence on Korean EFL learners’ vocabulary use in summary writing. Also, vocabulary scores are more predictive of Korean EFL learners’ vocabulary use in their summary writing than reading scores.

한영 기계 번역에서 ST의 유형적 특징에 따른 번역 오류 분석

박옥수 동아인문학회 2017 동아인문학 Vol.41 No.-

Over the past few years, the technology of machine translation has made remarkable progress from Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) to Neural Machine Translation (NMT). With the introduction of deep learning, the study of machine translation has been performed mainly in the field of computer engineering, which develops systems and algorithms for artificial intelligence. However, the quality and quantity of parallel corpus composed of human translation has a decisive influence on the quality of NMT. In the process of NMT, the model translation that neural network learns is input by human. Also, input of source text is an important factor. The translator must be able to input the correct original text and modify the translation to get excellent quality results in machine translation. Especially, in the case of Korean-English translation, the accuracy of the original text is the main variable for the translation quality. To reduce errors, the translator must enter the correct source text. Inputting source text that contains incorrect spelling, imprecise phrases, and non-grammatical sentences will, of course, increase the probability of error. In the natural language processing, the characteristics of the source language are also the main variables. For example, if the source language is Korean, translation errors may occur depending on the use of the postposition or contextual situation. Given this situation, the accuracy of the source text becomes a major factor in the quality of translation. While the review and revision of the original text is a preprocessing process, evaluating the results of the machine translation and suggesting ways to improve the quality is a postprocessing process. Considering this situation, it is necessary to study the relation between the source text and the error type of machine translation, and it is desirable to perform it in the field of humanities. In this study, we examine human preprocessing and postprocessing issues in Korean-English machine translation. The purpose of this study is to present the error problem of machine translation by analyzing the error in line with the accuracy of the source text, and discussing ways to reduce translation errors. 지난 몇 년 동안 기계번역의 기술은 통계 기계번역(SMT: Statistical Machine Translation)에서 신경망 기계번역(NMT: Neural Machine Translation)으로 괄목할만한 발전을 보여주었다. 딥러닝(deep learning)이 도입되면서 기계번역의 연구는 주로 인공지능의 시스템과 알고리즘을 개발하는 컴퓨터 공학 분야로 제한되었다. 그러나 NMT의 품질은 인간 번역으로 구성된 병렬 코퍼스의 질과 양이 결정적인 영향을 미친다. NMT의 작동 과정에서 신경망이 학습하는 모범 번역은 인간이 투입한다. 그리고 정확한 원문의 입력도 중요한 요소가 된다. 기계번역을 통해 우수한 품질의 결과물을 생산하기 위해서는 번역자가 정확한 원문을 입력하고, 번역물을 수정할 수 있어야 한다. 특히 한영 번역의 경우 원문의 정확도는 번역물 품질에 주요 변수가 된다. 틀린 맞춤법이나 구문, 비문 등이 포함된 원천 텍스트를 입력하면 당연히 오류의 확률이 더 높아진다. 자연언어처리에서 원천 언어의 특징도 주요 변수가 된다. 예를 들면 원천 언어가 한국어인 경우, 조사의 사용이나 언어사용 환경에 따라 번역 오류가 발생할 수 있다. 이런 상황을 고려해 볼 때 기계번역의 오류 유형을 제시하고, 원천 텍스트와의 관련성을 고찰하는 연구가 필요하고, 이는 인문학 분야에서 수행되는 것이 바람직하다. 원문의 검토가 사전 처리 과정이라면 기계번역의 결과물을 평가하고, 품질을 개선하는 방안을 제시하는 것은 후처리 과정이 된다. 이 연구에서는 한영 기계번역에서 인간의 사전 처리와 후처리 문제를 살펴본다. 연구의 목적은 원천 텍스트의 정확도와 연계해서 오류를 항목별로 분석함으로써 기계번역의 오류 문제에 접근하는 방식을 제시하고 오류를 줄이는 방안을 논의하는 데 있다.

학문 목적 한국어 학습자의 다중 텍스트 활용 양상 연구

장미경 ( Chang Mi-kyung ),이유경 ( Lee Yoo-kyoung ) 우리어문학회 2024 우리어문연구 Vol.78 No.-

본 연구는 학문 목적 한국어 학습자들이 한국어 읽기 수업의 과제 수행 상황에서 다중 텍스트를 활용하는 양상을 분석하였다. 다중 텍스트 활용은 학습자들이 텍스트를 이해하기 위해 관련성이 있는 여러 개의 다른 텍스트를 찾아 내용을 통합하는 활동을 의미한다. 학습자들마다 텍스트 이해 수준이 같지 않고 다중 텍스트를 활용하는 방식이 다르다는 점에서 그 구체적인 양상을 살펴보는 것은 한국어 읽기 교육 현장에 시사하는 바가 클 것이다. 이러한 목적으로 본 연구에서는 텍스트 활용 목적, 텍스트 사용 언어, 텍스트 출처, 그리고 텍스트 유형이라는 4가지 기준을 바탕으로 학습자들이 검색한 총 63개의 다중 텍스트 활용 양상을 분석하였다. 학습자들은 주제 이해를 위해 다중 텍스트를 활용하는 빈도가 가장 높았고, 학습자들의 모국어로 된 텍스트를 찾은 경우도 25%로 비교적 높게 나타났다. 또한, 사적 텍스트의 비율이 68%였으며, 텍스트 양식에 있어 단일양식 텍스트를 찾은 비율이 83%로 상당히 높게 나타났다. 이러한 분석 결과를 토대로 향후 한국어 읽기 교육 현장에서 다중 텍스트 활용의 효율성과 신뢰성을 높일 수 있는 교수 방안을 제안하였다. This study analyzed how Korean language learners for academic purposes use multiple texts when performing tasks in Korean reading classes. Multi-text utilization refers to an activity in which learners find several other related texts and integrate the content in order to understand the text. Considering that the level of text comprehension is not the same for each learner and the way they utilize multiple texts is different, examining the specific aspects will have significant implications for the field of Korean reading education. For this purpose, this study analyzed a total of 63 multiple texts searched by learners based on four criteria: purpose of text use, language used in text, text source, and text type. Learners most frequently used multiple texts to understand topics, and the number of times they found texts in their native language was relatively high at 25%. In addition, the proportion of private texts was 68%, and the proportion of single-style texts was found to be quite high at 83%. Based on these analysis results, the significance of the study can be found in that it proposes a teaching method that can increase the efficiency and reliability of the use of multiple texts in future Korean reading education fields.

국어 교과서와 대안 텍스트 활동

천경록 한국국어교육학회 2020 새국어교육 Vol.0 No.124

Purpose:This study explored alternative text activities in Korean language textbooks to improve teaching and learning. In the textbook unit, the main text material holds an important position. According to these main texts(source texts), this study regarded the texts which include a counterclaim, or productive perspective as an alternative text. The alternative texts were sorted into the juxtaposed text and the constructed text. Methods:After review of related terms and literature, the Korean language curriculum and Elementary textbooks were analyzed. Results:In the Korean language curriculum, achievement standards related to the alternative text were presented in sequence. Alternative text activities were also quite well embodied in textbooks. However, utilizing the juxtaposed texts more actively is important to improve the critical reading ability. For the constructed text, it is necessary to present the task’s type, form, and expected reader more clearly. Conclusion:It is needed to actively adopt alternative text activities for further teacher education and textbook development. This can transform the reading education from text-centered education into reader-centered education. 목적:이 연구에서는 국어과 교수학습 현상을 개선하기 위해 국어 교과서에 나타나는 대안 텍스트 현상을 탐구하였다. 교과서 단원에는 전통적으로 제재가 중요한 지위를 차지하고 있다. 제재를 원(原) 텍스트로 보고 이와 대립적, 생산적 관점에 있는 텍스트를 대안 텍스트로 보았다. 대안 텍스트는 병치 텍스트와 구성 텍스트로 구분하였다. 방법:문헌 연구를 통해 대안 텍스트의 개념과 필요성을 살펴본 후에 국어과 교육과정과 교과서를 분석하였다. 결과:국어과 교육과정에는 대안 텍스트 관련 성취기준이 계열성 있게 제시되어 있었다. 초등학교 국어 교과서에서도 대안 텍스트 활동이 교수학습에 활용되고 있었다. 개선할 점으로는 병치 텍스트를 보다 많이 활용하여 비판적 읽기 능력을 높일 필요가 있다. 그리고 구성 텍스트를 요구할 때는 산출해야 할 텍스트의 종류, 양식, 예상 독자 등을 명료히 제시할 필요가 있다. 결론:향후 교사교육과 교과서 개발에서는 대안 텍스트 활동을 적극 활용해야 한다. 이렇게 하면 제재 중시 전통을 훼손하지 않고서도 독서교육을 독자 중심의 교육으로 전환할 수 있다.

고등학교『문학』 교과서 수록 고전소설 텍스트의 출처 제시 오류에 대한 고찰 -2009 개정 교육과정에 따른 검정 교과서를 대상으로

최호석 ( Ho Suk Choi ) 우리어문학회 2012 우리어문연구 Vol.44 No.-

본고에서는 2009년 개정 교육과정에 따라 2012년에 새롭게 발행한 고등학교 문학 교과서에 수록된 고전소설 텍스트의 출처 제시 오류를 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 문학 교과서에 수록된 54편의 고전소설을 출판사별로 제시한 뒤에, 교과서에서 제시한 고전소설 텍스트의 출처를 작품 별로 정리하였다. 그리고 문학 교과서에 수록된 54편의 고전소설 텍스트를 교과서에서 제시한 출처의 내용과 일일이 대비하였다. 본고에서는 고전소설 텍스트의 출처 제시 오류를 4개의 유형으로 나누어서 살펴보았다. 첫째 유형은 ``출처에 대한 서지 관련 정보의 부족``을 들 수 있는데, 여기에는 작품에 대한 서지 정보가 부정확하거나 구체적이지 않은 것이 있었다. 둘째 유형은 ``내용의 부분적 누락``인데, 이는 출처의 내용을 교과서에 가져오면서 일부분이 누락된 것이다. 셋째 유형은 ``잘못된 출처 제시``인데, 이는 실제 교과서에서 활용하지 않은 책을 출처로 잘못 제시한 것이다. 넷째 유형은 ``복수 출처의 합성``인데, 이는 교과서에서 하나의 출처를 제시하였지만 실제로는 복수의 출처에서 내용을 합성한 것이다. 마지막으로는 앞에서 유형별로 살펴본 고전소설 텍스트의 출처 제시 오류를 정리한 뒤, 교과서 집필자의 분발을 촉구하였다. In this article, I investigated errors of presenting the source of classic novel texts contained in the literature textbook for the high school which was newly published in 2012 according to the revised curriculum in 2009. For this, I assorted sources of the classic novel texts presented in the textbook after presenting 54 classic novels contained in the literature textbook by publisher, then compared texts of those 54 classic novels contained in the literature textbook to the contents of sources presented in the textbook one by one. In this article, errors of presenting the source of classic novel texts were divided to 4 types for investigation. The first type was ``A lack of bibliography related information for the source``, that is, the bibliographic information was not correct or concrete. The second type was ``A partial omission of the contents`` which means that a part of the contents of sources was omitted while transferring to the textbook. The third type was ``To present the wrong source``, that is, the novel which had not been actually utilized in the textbook was presented as a source. The fourth type was ``A composite of multiple sources`` which means that one source was presented in the textbook but actually it was a composite contents of multiple sources. Lastly, I arranged the errors of presenting the source of classic novel texts contained in the literature textbook for the high school. And I encouranged the authers to give more efforts on their textbook.

고등학생과 역사가의 역사 텍스트 독해 양상과 텍스트 독해 교수학습 전략

姜鮮珠(Kang, Sun-Joo) 역사교육연구회 2013 역사교육 Vol.125 No.-

This paper analyzes how Korean 10th graders read historical texts and suggests several teaching strategies for using historical texts in the class. For this study, I selected three historical texts which have been repeatedly used in elementary, middle and high school Korean history textbooks because I intended to anlayze how students read familiar historical texts. Text 1 is the King Sejeong’s Preface of Hun Min Jeong Um(1443), in which the King Sejong wrote why he created the Korean written language, Hun Min Jeong Um, Text2 is several Chosen scholars’ letter to the King Sejeong. in which the scholars strongly insisted that Hum Min Jeong Um not be used. Text 3 is a short and edited record of Sejeong and the scholars’ conversation. I asked twenty two 10th graders in Seoul and the Gyeongi province to read those texts and answer to my questions: why they insisted that Hum Nin Jeong Um should be used or not be used. I recorded and transcribed the students’ answers for analysis and comparison. As a result, I have found that Korean 10th graders’ previous knowledge and prejudice on the writers strongly influence their interpretation of historical texts and their ways of making inference of the writers(speakers)’ intention from the texts. I suggest that when teachers give and ask students to read historical texts, they need to guide students not to infuse any prejudice into the texts.

일반 논문 : 대학생의 학술적 비평문 쓰기 수행에 대한 연구 -비평문 텍스트의 질과 필자,텍스트 변인들의 상관 분석을 중심으로-

이윤빈 ( Yun Bin Lee ) 한국어교육학회(구-한국국어교육연구학회) 2010 국어교육 Vol.0 No.133

This paper aims to investigate how various writer`s and texts` variables correlate with academic critique`s quality of college students. Writer`s variables include prior topic knowledge and degree of source text comprehension. And text`s variables include length, organizational score, type of evaluative commentary, type of source of support and text configuration patterns. The analysis on the data showed the low correlation of topic knowledge and text`s quality(r=.437). But there was high correlation of the degree of source text comprehension and text`s quality(r=.899). As for the text`s variables, organizational score and type of source of supports were two major factors which had high correlation with text quality(r=.729, r=-.620). Against the result of prior studies, the portions of negative commentary had not high correlation with text quality score(r=.524), which means the type of writer`s approach to source text itself has low importance of text`s quality than the type and abundance of support.

경제 텍스트에 나타난 은유의 인지의미론적 연구

심지연 한국어의미학회 2016 한국어 의미학 Vol.51 No.-

This study aims to analyze metaphors used in economic texts from the perspective of cognitive semantics, and the main focus is to investigate their underlying characteristics. Defining the analysis subject to include only economic texts broadcasted on radio in colloquial language, the study analyzes the characteristics by comparing the aspects of metaphors used in economic texts with others in different fields. First of all, it examines the similarities and differences between metaphoric aspects used in economic texts and those used in other texts of different areas, including science, athletics, and politics. As a result, metaphors used in colloquial economic texts show different metaphoric aspects, compared to those used in athletic and political texts. However, the analysis has also illustrated that, in terms of the expression and the purpose of use, there are a number of similarities between metaphoric characteristics used in economic texts and those used in scientific texts. Based on this finding, the study further analyzes metaphorical expressions used in colloquial economic texts by comparing them with those used in scientific texts in depth to see what metaphorical characteristics and effects they have when used in texts of these particular areas respectively. The result is the following: abstract concepts used by a particular profession and jargons were difficult for others to understand. However, as the difficult scientific and economic concepts are now frequently used by laypeople as well, it has recently become common to metaphorically describe them as more concrete and simpler concepts because people have already understood and acquired them. In light of this fact, it is easy to see that experimentalist theory conceived by G. Lakoff, which gave a rise to the field of cognitive semantics, has served the foundation of methods of metaphoric expressions described in scientific texts and economic texts. Scientific texts have made it possible to explain their complicated scientific concepts to the public by using metaphors since a long time ago. In fact, this same approach can be employed in (real-life) economics to explain specialized knowledge to readers(radio audience) as financial literacy has become common not only to experts, but also to the public. Furthermore, this method has been proven to be highly effective.

현철의 번역 희곡 「바다로 가는 자(者)들」과 일본어 번역 저본 -일본어 번역을 통한 "중역"의 양상

권정희 ( Jung Hee Kwon ) 한국비교문학회 2016 比較文學 Vol.0 No.69

이 글은 현철의 번역 희곡 「바다로 가는 者들」 (1922)이 구스야마 마사오(楠山正雄)의 일본어 번역 「바다로 타고 들어가는 자들(海へ乘り入るもの等)」(1920)을 저본으로 한 것임을 논증한다. 즉 「바다로 가는 者들」 은 중역의 산물인 것이다. 싱(J. M. Synge)의 "Riders to the Sea"의 한국어 번역 「바다로 가는 者들」 은 아일랜드 영어 원작이 아니라 일본어 번역을 저본으로 한 번역이라는 논의를 전개한 것이다. 이를 위하여, 1914-1920년에 걸쳐 발간된 다수의 일본어 번역 가운데 구스야마 마사오의 번역 저본 선택의 구체적 근거를, 번역자의 생애 및 잡지 매체 등 미디어의 관계에서 살폈다. 또한 『개벽』의 특집 ``해외걸작명편부록``에 수록된 한국어 번역 현황 전반을 검토하면서 새롭게 일부 일본어 번역의 저본을 추가했다. 나아가, 원작과 다양한 일본어 번역과 「바다로 가는 者들」을 비교함으로써 저본을 확정하고 번역 경위를 추적함으로써 한국어 번역의 특질과 번역 태도를 탐색했다. 이러한 비교 연구의 기반 위에서 한국어 번역을 ``Scene`` ``God``등 근대의 번역어 및 희곡 번역 문학사의 흐름에서 그 의의를 규명했다. 이러한 분석을 통해, 본 논고는 ``중역``의 문제를 원작(Original) 의 번역에서 매개가 되었던 일본어 저본을 해명하는 단계로 진척시킨 성과를 제출했다. 번역의 문제에 미디어의 시각을 관련시킨 결과인 것이다. This paper proves that Hyun chul``s translation of a Drama "Badaro Ganeun Jadeul"(1922) was translated using the Japanese translation, "Umihe Norihairumonora"(1920) by Kusuyama Masao as its source text. Therefore, "Badaro Ganeun Jadeul" is the product of a double-translation. This article developed and tested the idea that the korean translated Drama of "Riders to the Sea", “Badaro Ganeun Jadeul” was translated from a Japanese Source text, not from and not the original Irish English work written by J.M.Synge. To prove the premise, this paper has examined the specific grounds for the Korean translator``s selection of Kusuyama Masao``s Japanese translation version among various Japanese translations published from 1914 to the 1920, in relation to studying the translator``s life and state of the media in the early 1920s. Moreover, in addition this article has newly disclosed part of the Japanese source texts while reviewing the whole Korean translations contained in the supplementary foreign masterpiece choices as a feature in journal Gae Byok. Furthermore, this paper has analyzed the translation attitude and the traits of Korean translation by tracing the course of translation which has eventually determined the Japanese translation source text by comparing the original Irish English text, "Riders to the Sea" with its various Japanese translations and "Badaro Ganeun Jadeul". Based on such a comparative study, this article has clarified the significance of the Korean translation in terms of modern translated words, such as ‘Scene’, ‘God’ and so on and in the stream of the literary history of drama translation. Through these analysis, this paper has been submitted an accomplishment in the problem of ``Double-translation`` up to the level of resolution the Japanese translation source text which served acted as a medium in translating the original text. This was resulted from relating the matter of translation in the point of view of media as a medium for transmission.