수종의 레진 시멘트의 용해도와 수분흡착에 관한 연구

황유진,조인호,임주환,임헌송,Hwang Yu-Jin,Cho In-Ho,Lim Ju-Hwan,Lim Heon-Song 대한치과보철학회 2005 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Statement of problem. Among the physical properties of adhesion luting cement, the aspect that requires the most important factor is the degree of solubility and water sorption. Dissolution or an inadequate due to excessive water sorption inside the oral cavity compromises the while concurrently increasing the susceptibility to secondary dental caries. Susceptibility to dissolution and difficulty of removing remnant cement from the gingival sulcus have hindered the use of dental resin cement in the clinical practice, but the improved characteristics of newer generation resin cements have interest in and enabled resin cements to be widely used in adhesion of fixed prosthesis, such as laminate veneers and all-ceramic crowns. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the degrees of solubility and water sorption of a variety of resin cements widely used for clinical purposes with different curing methods. Material and methods. Self-curing resin cements, $Avanto^{(R)}$, $C&B^{TM}$ CEMENT and Superbond C&B cements comprised group 1, 2 and 3. The dual-curing resin cements $Panavian^{TM}$ F, $Calibra^{(R)}$ and $Variolink^{(R)}$ II were divided into groups 4, 5, and 6, respectively. The investigation was carried out using disc-shaped specimens as specified by ANSI/ADA Specification No. 27. The degree of water sorption, water solubility and lactic acid solubility of each test group was analyzed statistically leading to the following conclusion. Results. The degree of water sorption was shown to increase in the following order : group 6, 5, 4, 2, 1 and 3. There were significant differences between the water sorption of each group. Results of the degree of water solubility were shown to increase in the following order : group 6, 5, 4, 2, 1 and 3. Statistically significant differences were found between each group, with the exception of groups 1 and 3. Finally, the degree of lactic acid solubility was found to increase in the following order : group 6,5,4,2,3 and 1. Significant differences were found between each group. In general dual-curing resin cements displayed substantially lower values than self-curing resin cements with regard to water sorption, water solubility, and lactic acid solubility. Conclusions. From the results of this study, dual-curing resin cements show a significantly lower degree of water sorption and solubility than their self-curing counterparts. Clinically, when selecting resin cements, the product with a lower degree of water sorption and solubility are preferred. The results of this study indicate that the use-of dual-curing resin cements is preferable to self-curing cements.

고등학교 화학Ⅱ의 고체 용해도 측정 실험에 대한 분석 및 개선

윤정아,박국태,박세열,황현숙,백인환,류상하 한국교원대학교 교육연구원 2010 敎員敎育 Vol.26 No.4

이 연구의 목적은 고등학교 화학Ⅱ 교과서에 제시된 온도에 따른 고체의 용해도 측정 실험의 문제점을 파악하여, 학생들이 재현성 있는 실험 결과와 정상적인 용해도 곡선을 얻을 수 있는 개선 실험을 제시하고자 하는 것이다. 연구를 위하여 화학Ⅱ 교과서의 고체의 용해도 측정 실험을 분석하고, 화학교사를 대상으로 고체의 용해도 측정 실험에 대한 설문 조사를 실시하여, 온도에 따른 고체의 용해도 측정 실험의 문제점을 파악하여 개선 실험을 제시하였다. 연구 결과, 화학Ⅱ 교과서에 제시된 고체의 용해도 측정 실험의 실험 방법은 서로 달랐으며, 화학교사들은 실험 결과에서 오차가 많이 나고 실험 시간이 많이 소요되어서 고체의 용해도 측정 실험을 실험 수업으로 실시하기 어려워하였다. 온도에 따른 고체의 용해도 측정 실험에서 용질과 용매의 질량 측정 방법, 용질이 모두 녹는 온도 측정 방법, 결정 석출 온도 측정 방법 등을 개선한 개선 실험으로 재현성이 있는 실험 결과와 정상적인 용해도 곡선을 얻을 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to find out the problems in the experiments determining solid solubility according to temperature in high school chemistry Ⅱ textbooks, and to propose an improved experiment for students to achieve reproducible results and a normal solubility curve. For this study, the experiments determining solid solubility in high school chemistry Ⅱ textbooks were analyzed. Chemistry teachers filled out questionnaires about the experiments determining solid solubility. The problems of the experiments determining solid solubility according to temperature were analyzed, and an improved experiment was proposed. The results showed that experimental methods in most of high school chemistry Ⅱ textbooks were much different from each other. Chemistry teachers were having difficulties in the experiments determining solid solubility because the experiments were time consuming, and the results had errors. It was possible to get reproducible results and a normal solubility curve with the improved experiment which was carried out with improvements in the methods of measuring mass for solute and solvent and determining temperature for crystallizing and dissolving.

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate와 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate 이온성 액체에 대한 황화수소와 메탄의 용해도

이병철 ( Byung-chul Lee ) 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.54 No.2

동일한 음이온을 가진 두 가지 종류의 이온성 액체인 1-ethy-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([emim] [TfO])와 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([bmpyr][TfO])를 대상으로 약 303 K로부터 약 343 K의 온도 범위와 약 30 MPa까지의 압력 범위에서 이온성 액체에 녹는 황화수소(H₂S)와 메탄(CH₄)의 용해도를 측정하였다. 가변부피투시창이 장착된 고압용 상평형 장치를 사용하여 온도를 변화시키면서 여러 가지 조성을 갖는 기체 + 이온성 액체 혼합물의 기포점 압력을 측정함으로써 이온성 액체에서의 기체의 용해도를 결정하였다. 이온성 액체에 대한 H₂S의 용해도는 압력이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며 온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 반면에 이온성 액체에 대한 CH₄의 용해도는 압력이 증가함에 따라 크게 증가하였으나 온도의 영향은 거의 없었다. 동일한 음이온을 갖는 이온성 액체인 [emim][TfO]와 [bmpyr][TfO]에 대하여 H₂S의 용해도는 몰랄 농도 기준으로 온도 및 압력 조건에 관계없이 거의 유사하였다. 이온성 액체[emim][TfO]에 대한 H₂S와 CH₄의 용해도를 비교한 결과, H₂S의 용해도가 CH₄의 용해도보다 훨씬 컸다. 동일한 종류의 이온성 액체에 대하여 본 연구를 통해 얻은 H₂S와 CH₄의 용해도 데이터를 문헌으로부터 얻은 CO₂의 용해도 데이터와 비교하였다. 같은 압력 및 온도 조건에서 비교할 때, CO₂의 용해도는 H₂S와 CH₄의 용해도의 사이에 있었다. Solubility data of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and methane (CH₄) in two kinds of ionic liquids with the same anion: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([emim][TfO]) and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([bmpyr][TfO]) are presented at pressures up to about 30 MPa and at temperatures between 303 K and 343 K. The gas solubilities in ionic liquids were determined by measuring the bubble point pressures of the gas + ionic liquid mixtures with various compositions at different temperatures using a high-pressure equilibrium apparatus equipped with a variable-volume view cell. The H₂S solubilities in ionic liquid increased with the increase of pressure and decreased with the increase of temperature. On the other hand, the CH₄ solubilities in ionic liquid increased significantly with the increase of pressure, but there was little effect of temperature on the CH₄ solubility. For the ionic liquds [emim][TfO] and [bmpyr][TfO] with the same anion, the solubility of H₂S as a molality basis was substantially similar, regardless of the temperature and pressure conditions as a molar concentration basis. Comparing the solubilities of H₂S and CH₄ in the ionic liquid [emim][TfO], the solubilities of H₂S were much greater than those of CH₄. For the same type of ionic liquid, the solubility data of H₂S and CH₄ obtained in this study were compared to the solubility data of CO₂ from the literature. When compared at the same pressure and temperature conditions, the CO₂ solubility was in between the solubility of H₂S and CH₄.

Solubility Experiment for the Potential Role of Concrete Admixture on the Radionuclide Mobility

Donghun Pak,Jueun Kim,Kyungwon Kim,Wooyong Um 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.2

Polycarboxylic ether-based high-range water reducer (PCE) has been proposed to use due to the operational advantages of reduced water content and increased fluidity of cementitious mixtures. But the concern about using PCE can increase the mobility of radionuclides as well. Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) showed that the PCE formulations increased radionuclide solubility in free solution. Solubility of U(VI), 239Pu, 241Am with the cementitious materials tested with 3:1 pulverized fuel Ash/Ordinary Portland Cement (PFA:OPC) and 9:1 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag/OPC (GGBS:OPC) with PCE that increased at least one and, in some cases, more than three orders of magnitude (between 10-9 and 10-4 mol dm-3) for these radionuclides in the cement-equilibrated solution. It is possible that the relatively low molecular weight substances present in the PCE cement mixture increase the solubility of radionuclides. In addition, the organic substances that are easily miscible with water can contribute to increase the solubility. In this study, several radionuclides (Nb, Ni, Pd, Zr, and Sn) that may be present in intermediate and low-level waste (LIW) repositories were selected based on the half-life and the estimated dose accordingly, and the solubility tests were conducted with and without PCE in solution. To simulate the field condition of the underground repository, synthetic groundwater was prepared based on the recipe by the KAERI Underground Research Tunnel (KURT) DB-3 GW and used as a solvent. The solubility limiting solid phase (SLSP) of each radionuclide was determined using Geochemist’s WorkBench (GWB) model. The selected solid phases are Ni(OH)2, ZrSiO4, Nb2O5, Pd(metal), and SnO2, respectively, and the solubility experiments were conducted with 1.0wt% of PCE per total weight and 0.5 g / 250 ml of selected radionuclide’s SLSP for 90 days at room temperature (25°C). Compared with and without PCE presence in solution, the selected radionuclides also showed an increased solubility with the presence of water reducing agent like PCE. This results can be used to correctly estimate the mobility of target radionuclides with the presence of PCE in repository environments.

Measurement of CO2 solubility in cyanide anion based ionic liquids; [c4mim][SCN], [c4mim][N(CN)2], [c4mim][C(CN)3]

Ji Eun Kim,강정원,임종성 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.8

To investigate the effect of cyanide ions on the solubility of CO2 in ionic liquid, we measured the solubility of CO2 in three ionic liquids which contain three different numbers of cyanide anions, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([c4mim][SCN]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([c4mim][N(CN)2]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ([c4mim][C(CN)3]). The solubility of CO2 in ionic liquids was determined by measuring bubble-point pressure in high-pressure variable-volume view cell at temperatures from 303.15 to 373.15 K in 10 K intervals. The measured data were correlated with the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EoS) using the van der Waals one fluid mixing rules. The critical properties and acentric factor of ionic liquids were estimated by using the modified Lydersen-Joback-Reid method. As a result, the calculated data were relatively well agreed with the experimental results and, as is commonly known, the solubility of CO2 was observed to increase with increasing pressure and with decreasing temperature. The results also show that the highest solubility was obtained by [c4mim][C(CN)3] among those three experimented ionic liquids while [c4mim][SCN] had the lowest. This implies that the CO2 solubility is affected by the number of cyanide anions contained in ionic liquid. From this result, it is concluded that the cyanide anion enhances the CO2 solubility in ionic liquid and that the ionic liquid which contains more cyanide anions has higher CO2 solubility.

통영산 해수진주분말의 체내 용해도에 관한 기초연구

김현걸 ( Hyun Guell Kim ),이승철 ( Seung Cheol Lee ) 한국도서학회 2014 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.26 No.2

In order to study the movement of a pearl`s body, the Tongyeong pearl powder (insoluble=pearl) and manufactured powder (soluble-pearl, solubilized in water) were used as samples. The body of a pearl contains calcuim compounds and pharmacologically activated chonchiolin. This research evaluated the water solubilization level of proteins and the solubility of pearl powder using artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice. The analysis of the sugar content showed that no soluble or insoluble-pearl was found. This showed that carbohydrates are not the main components of the pearl. Also, in order to evaluate the water solubility level of chonchiolin, which is the only protein of the pearl, a protein quantification experiment was conducted. The result showed that no protein was found in the insoluble-pearl, which confirmed that chonchiolin was insoluble. In the soluble-pearl, protein consisted of 0.12%, and the effects of protein`s acid hydrolysis in acetic acid during the water solubilization process was either none or very weak. Such results showed that the development of chonchiolin water solubilization using protease is necessary. From the results that showed 22.7% of solubility (37℃ body temperature) at artificial gastric juice and 1.7% at artificial intestinal juice, the insoluble-peral is expected to dissolve into a small amount within the stomach(acidic environment), and rarely dissolve in the small intestine absorption area. Also, 75% of the dosage is expected to be excreted from the body. In order to find out the exact absorption level within the body of a pearl, more research on the vitro level and continuous biological tests is required. The solubility of soluble-pearl manufactured by using insoluble-pearl powder is 32.9%, which is 1.4 fold higher than insoluble-pearl. It is 17.6% at the artificial intestinal juice and it`s solubility is 10 fold higher than insoluble-pearl. The calcium carbonate inside the pearl is assumed to convert into calcium acetate, which is soluble to a certain degree during the water solubilization process. However, considering the fact that the solubility value is not as much as expected, from now on, improving the condition of the water solubilization process such as increasing reaction temperature is needed.

Solubility of β and ε forms of HNIW for temperatures and in mixture solvents

임채호,김광주 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0

The solubility is the most important and basic parameter in crystallization process. The supersaturation, the function of the solubility, is a fundamental driving force for precipitating crystals in solution. In the study, the solubility of β and ε form of HNIW was measured. In various solvents such as ACT, EA, DMSO and ACN, solubility of each forms was measured as function of temperature. Also, for the drowning out crystallization, the solubilities were measured as function of fraction of mixture solvent. The solvent of mixture solvent is same as above, the anti-solvent is iso propyl alcohol. The experimental method has two type. The one is a method that solution was collected by using filter and evaporated and then weighed the residue. Another is a case of weak volatile solvent. In this case, the FBRM and PVM were used by measuring the solubility.

용제 중 염산온단세트론의 용해성 및 안정성

곽혜선,오익상,전인구 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.1

The solubility and stability of ondansetron hydrochloride (OS) in various vehicles were determined. The effect of cyclodextrins (CD) on the solubility of OS in water was determined by equilibrium solubility method. The solubility of OS at 32℃ increase in the rank order of isopropyl myristate (IPM)<propylene glycol laurate (PGL)《 propylene glycol monolaurate<propylene glycol monocaprylate (PGMC)<poly(ethylene glycol) 400<diethylene glycol mono ethyl ether (DGME)<ethanol<poly(ethylene glycol) 300<water(36.1㎎/ml)《 propylene glycol (PG) (283㎎/ml). The addition of PG or DGME to non-aqueous vehicles such as IPM, PGL and PGMC markedly increased the solubility of OS. The addition of CDs in water increased the solubility. Apparent stability constant for the CD complexation with OS was calculated to be 25.5M^-1 for 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD(2HPβCD0. Twenty mM β-CD, 69.4mM sulfobutyl ether β-CD and 115.4mM 2HPβCD increased the aqueous solubility of OS 1.27, 2.18 and 1.85 times, respectively. OS was stable in buffered aqueous solution (pH 5.0). However, OS was relatively unstable in non-aqueous vehicles in the order of PG<DGME<PGMC-DGME(60:40) co-solvent<PGMC. The degradation of OS in these vehicles was accelerated, depending on temperature.

AZ91 합금융체내의 Fe 용해도

권순일,변지영,김선진,심재동 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Fe solubility in AZ91 alloy melts was measured by a new method designed for removal of Al_(8)(Mn,Fe)_(5) inclusions. In the AZ91 alloy melts, Al_(8)(Mn,Fe)_(5) precipitates were formed due to supersaturated Mn and Fe, but all precipitates were not settled down from the melts and hence part of them was included in the samples for measuring Fe solubility. This means that the solubility measured from these samples is higher than the true solubility. In the present study, it was shown that these Al_(8)(Mn,Fe)_(5) inclusions could be separated from the samples by the new method. As a result, the Fe solubility measured by the present method was lower than the previous solubility data. Amount of the unsettled Al_(8)(Mn,Fe)_(5) inclusions was estimated to be 59-148 ppm. It was also observed that Fe contents in Al_(8)(Mn,Fe)_(5) were varied with the Fe and Mn content in AZ91 alloy melts.

Applying SVM framework for modeling of CO₂ solubility in oil during CO₂ flooding

Rostami, Alireza,Arabloo, Milad,Lee, Moonyong,Bahadori, Alireza Elsevier 2018 Fuel Vol.214 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>CO<SUB>2</SUB> solubility is one of the most important parameters that affects CO<SUB>2</SUB> flooding, because gas dissolution into crude oil results in oil swelling, viscosity reduction, IFT reduction, oil mobilization, and oil recovery improvement. Therefore, a better understanding of CO<SUB>2</SUB> solubility mechanisms and its influence on physical properties of crude oil are essential to any effective CO<SUB>2</SUB> flooding process. In this study, Least-Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) as a newly established soft computing algorithm is applied for developing a new correlative model for CO<SUB>2</SUB> solubility in both dead and live oil systems. CO<SUB>2</SUB> solubility in dead oil is basically affected by the oil saturation pressure (P<SUB>s</SUB>), oil specific gravity (<I>γ</I>), oil molecular weight (MW), and reservoir temperature (T). Moreover, the impact of bubble point pressure is considered in constructing the LSSVM model for the live oil. A number of statistical quality measures are utilized to assess and demonstrate the superior capability of the newly developed LSSVM model in comparison with the previous empirically derived correlations. The average absolute relative deviation (AARD) and coefficient of determination (R<SUP>2</SUP>) of 2.2783% and 0.9933 for the dead oil system, and 1.7432% and 0.9958 for the live oil system, respectively, verify the acceptable accuracy and efficient performance of the proposed LSSVM model over a wide range of dataset used in this study within the range of the used databank. However, the impact of CO<SUB>2</SUB> liquefaction pressure is ignored, the LSSVM model gives the best result. In conclusion, it is worth mentioning that the proposed LSSVM model can serve as an accurate correlative tool for fast and effective estimation of CO<SUB>2</SUB> solubility in both dead and live crude oils.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A new soft computing model is established for CO<SUB>2</SUB> solubility prediction in both dead and live oil systems. </LI> <LI> Several statistical parameters are utilized to demonstrate the superiority of the suggested SVM model. </LI> <LI> The performance of the developed model is compared with other literature correlations. </LI> <LI> The proposed model can serve as accurate tool for effective estimation of CO<SUB>2</SUB>-crude oil solubility. </LI> <LI> The impact of all input variables on the target values based on different techniques is determined. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>