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합곡(合谷), 삼음교(三陰交) 자침(刺鍼)이 백서(白鼠) 자궁(子宮) 운동(運動) 및 Cyclooxygenase-2 발현(發現)에 미치는 영향(影響)
이병철,이호섭,김경식,이건목,나창수,김정상,황우준,Lee, Byung-Chul,Lee, Ho-Sub,Kim, Kyung-Sik,Lee, Geon-Mok,Na, Chang-Soo,Kim, Jung-Sang,Hwang, Woo-Jun 대한침구의학회 2000 대한침구의학회지 Vol.17 No.2
By the activation of ovary hormone, many morphological changes occur in the epithelial cell lines and muscle cells in rat uterus. These two cells in uterus are important to the implantation of embryo, maintaining pregnancy and starting parturition. One important change associated with the morphological change of these two cells in uterus is the change on prostaglandin(PG) metabolism. Its presence and synthesis in endometriurn and myometrium in uterus affects estrous cycle and the start of embryo implantation in uterus. It also performs as an important modulator in parturition. So the abnormally weak expression of PG causes difficulty during labor and over-expression causes pre-term labor. PG biosynthesis starts from either free or liberated arachidonic acids from membrane phospholipid by phospholipase. Such arachidonic acids are converted into PG catalyzed by Cyclooxygenase. Under normal physiological condition, Cyclooxygenase-1(COX-1) having 602 units of amino acids controls the synthesis of PG. It acts as a local hormone regulating vasomodulation of blood flow, flexible muscle movement, increasing the blood permeability and contributing the protective role in preserving integrity of the stomach lining and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is induced by the inflammation, pregnancy and increased its expression until parturition. Lipid metabolite like PG is located in uterine and expression of COX-2 increased with pregnancy. Increased expression of COX proteins in epithelial cells and myometrial cells are told to increase the muscle contractility in uterus but decreased right after the labor in rat. It is a good sign indicating that COX proteins are deeply related to the start of labor. Currently, Several studies report the use of PG and COX-2 inhibitor as medication for controlled abortion or to prevent pre-term labor but they entail various side-effects. Our study proposed to suggest use of acupuncture as an another mediator to control abortion or pre-term labor without causing unnecessary side-effects by those medicines. Two acupuncture sites, LI-4 & SP-6 were selected due to their known efficacy. From the immunohistochemical staining of COX-2, normal expression of COX-2 protein in nonpregnant SD rat's uterus revealed that COX-2 protein was primarily detected in the lumina epithelial lining and in the epithelial cell lining contacting the stromal cells. High resolution optical microscopic scanning revealed distinguishable staining in the myometrial mucosa. LI-4 acupuncture administered nonpregnant rat's uterus showed strong expression for COX-2 in endometrium contacted with lumina epithelial lining of rat uterus and in myometrial mucosa. Stromal cells showed more staining than untreated nonpregnant rat's uterus and stronger staining in stromal cells contacting myometrial layer compared to untreated nonpregnant rat's uterus. SP-6 acupuncture administered nonpregnant rat's uterus showed weak expression for COX-2 in myometrial layers and stromal cells but no staining was visible in lumina epitheliai and glandular epithelial cells. Few stromal cells and myometrial mucosa were positively stained for COX-2. Pregnant SD rat's uterus was also immunostained for COX-2 expression after 18 days of pregnancy. Unlike to untreated nonpregnant rat's uterus, luminal epithelial cells were not positively stained for COX-2 but stronger staining for COX-2 was revealed in stromal cells. LI-4 acupunctured SD rat's uterus had very strong expression of COX-2 in luminal epithelial lining. Few stromal cells showed stronger positive COX-2 staining and myometrial layers also showed more expression than untreated pregnant rat. SP-6 acupuncture administered pregnant SD rat's uterus showed positive expression of COX-2 in epithelial cells of luminal mucosa layer but weaker than that of LI-4 acupuncture treatment's case. However, strong positive staining was revealed in stromal mucosa and myometrial layers. Virgin SD rat's uterus motility index during LI-4 acupunctur
치료방사선사의 직무에 의한 신체손상(근골격계 증상)에 관한 연구
이병철,조정희,신동봉,우중열,박재일,Lee, Byung-Chul,Cho, Jung-Hee,Shin, Dong-Bong,Woo, Jung-Yeol,Park, Jae-Il 대한방사선치료학회 2004 大韓放射線治療技術學會誌 Vol.16 No.1
목적 : 이 연구의 목적은 아직까지 시행되지 않은 치료 방사선사를 대상으로 신체부위별 근골격계 질환의 증상에 영향을 주는 요인을 파악함으로써 방사선치료사의 직업성 근골격계 질환의 발생부위와 유병율, 위험요인을 파악하는데 기초 자료로서 삼고자 함이다. 첫째, 치료 방사선사의 인구사회학적 특징을 알아본다. 둘째, 치료 방사선사의 업무 특성에 따른 목, 어깨, 허리, 팔, 손/손목, 다리의 근골격계 자각증상에 대한 호소 실태를 알아본다.(유병율) 섯째, 치료 방사선사의 직무상 발생하는 근골격계 질환의 발생요인을 파악한다. 넷째, 치료 방사선사의 근골격계질환에 대한 관리 대처방안을 도출한다. 대상 및 방법 : 조사연구대상자는 2003년 현재 대한방사선치료학회에 등록된 회원중 서울지역의 6개 병원에 근무하는 치료방사선사(약 100명)를 대상으로 설문조사를 한다. 가. 설문지 측정도구로서 설문지를 이용하며, 설문지의 내용은 치료방사선사의 일반적인 특성인 "연령, 성별, 총 근무 연수, 작업부서, 1일 평균 근무시간, 1일 평균 휴식 시간, 1일 평균 환자 수, 운동여부 근골격계 자각증상인 "목, 어깨, 허리, 손목, 등, 손가락 등" NIOSH의 정의에따라 산업안전공단에서 국내 실정에 맞게 수정 보완된 설문지를 이용한다(산업안전공단, 2002). 나. 자료 수집 이 연구의 대상은 서울지역 위치한 종합병원에 근무하고 있는 방사선치료사로 2003년 9월 한달동안 자료를 수집한다. 우선 20명의 방사선치료사를 대상으로 2003년 8월 15일부터 8월 17일까지 예비조사를 시행하여 객관성과 타당도를 검증한 후 설문문항을 재구성한다. 설문지의 한다. 자료 수집 방법 우편발송을 통한 조사로 발송전 전화를 이용하여 조사목적과 작성방법을 설명한 후 발송한다. 결과 : 전체 대상자 72명중 50명($69.5\%$)이 근골격계증상을 보이고 있었으며, 근골격계증상이 없다고 한 대상자는 22명($30.5\%$)으로 나타났다. 이것은 상당히 높은 수준의 증상율이며 증상완화와 예방대책의 반드시 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 52명의 근골격계 증상자중 목 부위를 호소하는 중상자는 22명($33.3\%$), 어깨 부위는 24명($33.3\%$), 팔 부위는 9명($12.5\%$), 손 부위는 10명($13.9\%$), 허리 부위는 25명($34.7\%$), 다리/발 부위는 23명($31.9\%$)로 호소율을 보이고 있었으며, 치료 방사선사는 목, 어깨, 허리, 다리/발 부위가 대체적으로 $30\%$가 넘는 근골격계증상을 보이고 있었다. 또한 증상이 직무와 관련된다고 대답한 군은 목 부위는 24(18)명 $75\%$, 어깨 부위는 24(17)명 $70.8\%$, 손 부위는 9(7)명 $77.8\%$, 팔 부위는 10(9)명 $90\%$, 허리 부위는 25(23)명 $95\%$, 다리/발 23(20)명 $87\%$로 증상이 직무와 상당히 높은 관련성을 보이고 있었으며, 증상의 요인이 직무와 관련된 부분에서 치료방사선사들은 하루 평균이상 걷는 양 24명($33.3\%$), block 및 block mount 19명($27.5\%$), 환자 이동 및 부축 22명($31.9\%$), 환자 치료용 device 5명($7.3\%$), eletron cone 10명($14.5\%$), wedge 6명($8.7\%$), cassette사용 4명($5.8\%$), computer 사용 10명($14.5\%$)로 대답하였다. 결과로 보아 치료방사선사들은 하루 평균이상 걷는 양과 환자의 이동 및 부축이 근골격계 증상이 발생하는 가장 중요한 요인으로 보았다. 결론 : 가. 6개 병원 종합 This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of general and occupational characteristics musculoskeletal symptoms in Radiological Technologist who working in present department more than 1 year. Standardized questionnaire of NIOSH and organized questionnaire for 재rk-related musculoskeletal was to 72Radiological Technologist, employed in 6general hospital in Seoul in September, 2003. The symptom prevalence rate of musculoskeletal symptoms were neck ($33.3\%$), shoulder ($33.3\%$), arm($12.5\%$), hand($13.9\%$), spine($34.7\%$)leg/knee/foot ($31.9\%$), arm/wrist/hand ($16.5\%$).
라만과 적외선 분광기를 이용한 P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Na<sub>2</sub>O-MgO 유리의 이상성에 관한 연구
이병철,권용준,류봉기,Lee, Byung-Chul,Kwon, Young-Jun,Ryu, Bong-Ki 한국세라믹학회 2002 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.39 No.3
용융법으로 제작된 인산염 유리시편의 조성변화에 따른 밀도와 물에 대한 안정성 및 각각의 구조변화를 조사하기 위해 Raman과 적외선 흡수 스펙트럼이 측정되었다. 그 결과 $P_2O_5$가 60mol% 부근에서 밀도와 물에 대한 안정성이 급격히 증가하는 구조적인 이상성을 나타내었다. 이러한 변화는 $Mg^{2+}$ 이온을 중심으로 DBO(Double-Bonded Oxygen)이 배위하면서 유리구조의 강한 수축을 유발시켜 나타난 구조변화에 기인하는 것으로, $Mg^{2+}$ 이온을 배위하고 있는 DBO은 이중결합의 성격을 잃어버리고, 다른 하나의 NBO(Non-Bonding Oxygen)과 함께 공명구조를 이룬다고 생각된다. Density, water resistance, Raman and infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate the change of structural characteristics with the composition of phosphate galss samples made by melting method. The structural abnormality of the density and water resistance were rapidly increased and shown near the 60mol% of $P_2O_5$. This result could be explained by the structural changes owing to the strong shrinkage of glass network by the coordination of DBO(Double-Bonded Oxygen) around $Mg^{2+}$ cations. In addition, it seems that the DBOs coordinating $Mg^{2+}$ cations lose its characteristics of double bonding and resonate with other NBOs(Non-Bonding Oxygen).
AlN 압전 진동형 마이크로 에너지 하베스터 설계 및 분석
이병철,정귀상,Lee, Byung-Chul,Chung, Gwiy-Sang 한국전기전자재료학회 2010 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.23 No.5
This paper describes the design and analysis of AlN piezoelectric micro energy harvester. The harvester was designed to convert ambient vibration energy to electrical power as a AlN piezoelectric material compatible with CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) process. To cut off the leakage current, AlN was used as the insulating layer. Also, Mo was used for the excellent c-axis crystal growth as the bottom electrode. The AlN harvester which it has the low operating frequency was designed by using the ANSYS FEA (finite element analysis). From the simulation results, the resonance frequency of designed model is about 360 Hz and analyzed the bending mode, displacement and expectation output.
호흡기를 통한 약액 전달을 위한 진세노사이드 초미세입자 분무장치 제작
이병철,박진수,양웅모,Byung Chul Lee,Jin Soo Park,Woong Mo Yang 대한융합한의학회 2021 대한융합한의학회지 Vol.2 No.1
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to fabricate an ultra-fine ginsenoside particle atomizer that can provide a new treatment method by delivering ginsenoside components that have a therapeutic effect on respiratory diseases directly to the lungs. Methods: We fabricated the AAO vibrating mesh by using the micromachining process. The starting substrate of an AAO wafer has a 350nm pore diameter with 50㎛ thickness. A photomask having several 5㎛ opening holes with a 100㎛ pitch was used to separate each nanopore nozzle. The photoresist structure was optimized to pattern the nozzle area during the lift-off process precisely. The commercial vibrating mesh was removed from OMRON's NE-U100 product, and the fabricated AAO vibrating mesh was installed. A diluted sample of 20mL with 30% red ginseng concentrate was prepared to atomize from the device. Results: As a result of liquid chromatography analysis before spraying the ginsenoside solution, ginsenoside components such as 20S-Rg3, 20R-Rg3, and Rg5 were detected. After spraying through the AAO vibrating mesh, ginsenosides of the same component could be detected. Conclusion: A nutrient solution containing ginsenosides was successfully sprayed through the AAO vibrating mesh with 350 nm selective pores. In particular, during the atomizing experiment of ginsenoside drug solution having excellent efficacy in respiratory diseases, it was confirmed that atomizing through the AAO vibrating mesh while maintaining most of the active ingredients was carried out.