Effects of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C19 on the pharmacokinetics of zolpidem

변지영,김영훈,김세형,이충민,정의현,채원기,장춘곤,이석용,이윤정 대한약학회 2018 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.41 No.8

Zolpidem is indicated for the short-term treatmentof insomnia and it is predominantly metabolized byCYP3A4, and to a lesser extent by CYP2C19, CYP1A2,and CYP2C9. Therefore, we evaluated the effects ofCYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokineticsof zolpidem in healthy male subjects. Thirty-two malesubjects were recruited and all subjects were classified intothree groups according to their genotypes: CYP2C19EM(CYP2C19*1/*1, n = 12), CYP2C19IM (CYP2C19*1/*2or *1/*3, n = 10), and CYP2C19PM (CYP2C19*2/*2, *2/*3 or *3/*3, n = 10). The pharmacokinetic parameters ofzolpidem were compared in three CYP2C19 genotypegroups after zolpidem administration with or without aCYP3A4 inhibitor at steady-state concentration. Plasmaconcentrations of zolpidem were determined up to 12 hafter drug administration by liquid chromatography-tandemmass spectrometry method. The maximum plasma concentration(Cmax) differed, but mean total area under theplasma concentration–time curve (AUCinf), half-life (t1/2),and apparent oral clearance (CL/F) of zolpidem administeredalone did not significantly differ among the threedifferent CYP2C19 genotype groups. Furthermore, whenzolpidem was administered with a CYP3A4 inhibitor atsteady-state concentration, there were no significant differencesin any of the pharmacokinetic parameters ofzolpidem in relation to CYP2C19 genotypes. In conclusion,we did not find any evidence for the impact of CYP2C19genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetic parametersof zolpidem.

HF-HCl 혼합 용액에서 $EAGLE^{2000TM}$ LCD 유리의 식각에 관한 연구

변지영,Byun, Ji-Young 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2008 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Etching kinetics of $EAGLE^{2000TM}$ LCD glass was investigated using 2.5MHF-xMHCl$(x:0\sim8)$ acid mixtures. It was concluded that the reaction of HF-containing solutions with the glass was the rate-determining step for the dissolution process when considering following observations; the value of the activation energy $35\sim45$ kJ/mol and insensitivity of the dissolution rate to the etching time and the moving velocity of the glass into the solution. The etching rate linearly increased with increasing the HCl concentration in the etchant. It was also observed that the etched surface was as smooth as the original surface by addition of HCl and increase in etching temperature. This is due to the catalytic role of the $H_{3}O^{+]$ ions in the dissolution process.

폐기성 낙엽을 활용하기 위한 벽돌 개발 및 환경성 평가

변지영,김민경,이연휘,오강원,장성진 한국건축친환경설비학회 2025 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.19 No.1

This study explores the potential of recycling urban fallen leaves into eco-friendly building materials by developing compressed leaf bricks using natural adhesives such as dextrin, albumin, gelatin, and casein. The research targeted Jinju City, South Korea, which produces an annual leaf waste volume of 31.41 tons. Fallen leaves were dried, processed, and compressed into bricks measuring 190×90×57 mm, adhering to KS L 4201 standards. Durability and combustion tests evaluated their physical and environmental performance. Albumin and gelatin-based bricks exhibited superior water resistance, suitable for temporary structures such as small agricultural facilities and lightweight partitions. Combustion tests revealed low emissions of formaldehyde (HCHO) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), ensuring environmental safety. Transportation simulations showed that compressing leaves into bricks reduced carbon emissions by 69.6% compared to transporting uncompressed leaves. These findings demonstrate the potential of leaf bricks in mitigating urban waste while providing an eco-friendly construction material. Future studies will focus on optimizing large-scale production processes and comparing the compressive strength and water absorption of leaf bricks with conventional clay bricks.

A Novel Slury-Making Process for AZ91-Alloy Rheocasting

변지영,김선진,윤진국 한국주조공학회 2003 한국주조공학회지 Vol.23 No.3

. 본 논문은 레오캐스팅용 AZ91 합금 슬러리를 제조하는 새로운 방법에 관한 것이다. 그 원리는 AZ91 합금 액상에서 Mn의 용해도차에 의해 생성되는 Al 8 (Mn,Fe) 5 정출물을 α−Mg 초정 생성을 위한 불균일 핵생성 자리로 사용하고자 하는 것이다. 제조된 슬러리의 미세조직 분석결과 Al 8 (Mn,Fe) 5 정출물이 α−Mg 내에 위치하고 있어, 이로부터 정출물이 효과적으로 불균일 핵생성 자리로 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 Mn 함량의 증가는 Al 8 (Mn,Fe) 5 정출물 수를 증가시켜 고상분율이 일정할 때 슬러리 내 α−Mg 고상의 크기를 감소시키고 구형도를 향상시킨다. 이외에도 냉각속도 및 유지시간이 슬러리 미세조직에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 보고하였다.

슬라이딩 모드 제어를 이용한 HDD 하이브리드 제어기 설계 및 안정성 평가

변지영,곽성우,유관호 대한전기학회 2004 전기학회논문지 D Vol.53 No.10-D

This paper presents the design of a new controller for the read/write head of a hard disk drive. The general controller for seeking is the time-optimal control. However if we use only the time optimal control law, this could be vulnerable to chattering effect. To solve this problem, we propose a modified controller design algorithm in this paper. The proposed controller consists of bang-bang control for seeking and sliding-mode control for tracking. Moreover, to test the robustness and stability of control system, a bounded disturbance is selected to maximize a severity index. Simulation results show the superiority of the proposed controller through comparison with time optimal VSC(variable structure control).

New Manufacturing Method for Fe-Si Magnetic Powders Using Modified Pack-Cementation Process

변지영,Jang Won Kim,한정환,장평우 대한금속·재료학회 2013 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.19 No.2

This paper describes a new method for making Fe-Si magnetic powders using a pack-cementation process. It was found that Fe-Si alloy powders were formed by a reaction of the pack mixture of Fe, Si, NaF,and Al2O3 powders at 900 °C for 24 h under a hydrogen atmosphere. Separation of the Fe-Si alloy powders was dependent on the particle size of the Fe powders in the pack. For small Fe powders, magnetic separation in a medium of strong alkali solution was recommended. But, for relatively larger Fe powders,the Fe-Si alloy powders were easily separated from Al2O3 powders using a magnet in air atmosphere. The Si content in the Fe-Si magnetic powders were easily controlled by changing the weight ratio of Si to (Si+Fe) in the pack.

국내아동보호사업의 꿈과 전략

변지영 한국사회복지학회 2013 한국사회복지학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2013 No.11

초등학생의 방과후 생활무용 참가가 정서 및 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향

변지영,현보람 한국융합과학회 2019 한국융합과학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Purpose : The objective of this study was to examine the effects on the emotion and adaptation to school life of participants in dance for all in accordance with the sociodemographic characteristics of elementary school students. Methods : The use of purposive sampling targeting the students of elementary schools in Sejong Metropolitan Autono mous City and Daejeon Metropolitan City, total 420 subjects including 220 participants in dance for all and 200 nonparticipants were selected, and total 372 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. Using the SPSS 25.0, the soc iodemographic characteristics and the degree of participation in dance for all were understood through the frequency a nalysis. In order to verify the effects of participation in after-school dance for all on the emotion and adaptation to school life of elementary school students, the correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed. R esults: Regarding the effects of participation in after-school dance for all on the emotion of elementary school stude nts(Hypothesis2), the‘period of participation in dance for all’(β=.16, p<.05),‘'frequency of participation in dance for all’(β=.23, p<.05), and‘immersion of students participating in dance for all’(β=.56, p<.001) had significantly positiv e effects on the‘emotion’. However, the intensity of participation in dance for all did not have significant effects on it. The‘period of participation in dance for all’(β=.23, p<.01), 'frequency of participation in dance for all’(β=.22, p <.05), and‘immersion of students participating in dance for all’(β=.56, p<.001) had significantly positive effects on t he‘adaptation to school life’. However, the intensity of participation in dance for all did not have significant effects on it. Conclusion : Like this, the participation in after-school dance for all had positive effects on the emotion and a daptation to school life of elementary school students, Despite the relations of participants in dance for all, emotion, and adaptation to school life, the relevant researches have been insufficient in dance studies. Therefore, this study aim s to contribute to the formation of knowledge about dance studies, and also to suggest the basic data necessary for t eaching elementary school students participating in after-school dance for all. 연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 초등학생의 사회인구통계학적 특성에 따른 생활무용참가자의 정서 및 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 세종특별자치시 및 대전광역시에 소재한 초등학교에 재학 중인 학생들을 대상으로 유의표집법을 활용하여 생활무용 참가자220명을 표집 하였으며 216부를 최종자료로 하였다. 본 연구는 SPSS 25.0을 이용하여 빈도분석을 통해 연구대상자들의 생활무용 참가정도를 파악하였으며, 초등학생의 방과후 생활무용 참가정도가 정서 및 학교생활적응에 인과적 영향을 미치는 지를 검증하기 위하여 다중 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결론 : 초등학생의 방과후 생활무용 참가정도가 정서에 미치는 영향은 ‘생활무용 참가기간’(β=.16, p<.05), ‘생활무용 참가빈도’(β=.23, p<.05)는 ‘정서’를 정적으로 유의하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 생활무용 참가강도는 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. ‘생활무용 참가기간’(β=.23, p<.01), ‘생활무용 참가빈도’(β=.22, p<.05)는 ‘학교생활적응’을 정적으로 유의하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 생활무용 참가강도는 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 초등학생의 방과후 생활무용 참가자 정서 및 학교생활적응에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 생활무용참가자, 정서 및 학교생활적응간의 관련성에도 불구하고 무용학 연구영역에서는 관련연구가 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 무용학 지식체 형성에 기여함은 물론, 초등학생 방과후 생활무용 참가 학생들을 지도하는데 필요한 기초자료로 제시하고자 한다.

Effects of diltiazem, a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4, on the pharmacokinetics of tamsulosin in different CYP2D6 genotypes

변지영,이윤정,김영훈,김세형,이충민,배정우,장춘곤,이석용,최창익 대한약학회 2018 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.41 No.5

Tamsulosin, a selective antagonist of the a1-adrenoceptor, is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 andCYP2D6, and tamsulosin exposure is significantlyincreased according to the genetic polymorphism ofCYP2D6. In this study, we investigated the effects of diltiazem,a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4, on the pharmacokineticsof tamsulosin in subjects with different CYP2D6genotypes. Twenty-three healthy Korean male subjectswith CYP2D6*wt/*wt (*wt = *1 or *2) and CYP2D6*10/*10 were enrolled in the prospective, open-label, twophaseparallel pharmacokinetic study. On the first day ofstudy (day 1), each subject received a single 0.2 mg oraldose of tamsulosin. After a washout period of 1 week, onday 8, the subjects were given a 60 mg oral dose of diltiazemthree times daily for four days. On day 10, 1 h afterthe morning dose of diltiazem, they received a single0.2 mg oral dose of tamsulosin. The pharmacokineticparameters of tamsulosin in those with and without diltiazemtreatment were compared in subjects with differentCYP2D6 genotypes. After diltiazem treatment, the Cmaxand AUCinf of tamsulosin in each CYP2D6 genotype groupwere significantly increased (p\0.0001 for all). The CL/Fof tamsulosin was also significantly decreased after diltiazemtreatment (both p\0.0001). However, diltiazem didnot affect the t1/2 of tamsulosin in each genotype group. Inconclusion, diltiazem significantly increases exposure totamsulosin regardless of the genotype of CYP2D6. Doseadjustment in the daily maintenance dose of tamsulosinmay improve tolerability and safety in patients receivingdiltiazem.

법률문헌의 인용방법 표준안 (증보판)

변지영,오세용,계인국,이제우 사법정책연구원 2017 사법정책연구원 연구총서 Vol.2017 No.-

법률문헌 인용방법의 표준안(증보판)은 2015년 대법원 사법정책연구원에서 발간한 법률 문헌 인용방법의 표준안(시안)의 증보판입니다. 이번 증보판은 2015년판 표준안을 기반으 로 하여 해외법률문헌 인용방법 부분에 37개의 국가를 추가하였고, 기타 필요한 부분을 추 가로 보완하였습니다. 본 표준안은 2015년판과 마찬가지로 책임감 있는 법 연구를 할 수 있는 바람직한 연구 문화를 조성하고자 인용방법에 대한 하나의 시안을 제시한 것입니다. 그러므로 법 연구를 전문적으로 하는 학생, 교수, 법조인뿐만 아니라 법이 다소 생소한 분들에게도 본 표준안이 쉽고 편한 길잡이가 되었으면 하는 바램입니다. 또한 나날이 전문화, 글로벌화, 정보화 되는 법 연구 문화에 발맞출 수 있도록 인용방법 에 대한 다양한 관례를 정리하여 시의적절하고도 모범적인 인용방법을 제안하고자 독자 여 러분들의 의견과 제안을 적극적으로 수렴하고자 하오니, 독자 여러분들의 많은 의견 부탁 드립니다.