민주주의 실현을 위한 원자력안전법제의 과제와 개선방향

황충만 인하대학교 법학연구소 2019 法學硏究 Vol.22 No.1

This dissertation aims to explore the public legal theory of nuclear safety legislation, which has been of little academic rationale, and to suggest the challenges and directions of improvement of the nuclear safety legislation for realizing democracy. The problem recognition of this paper starts with the question “Why is democracy not fully applied in the field of nuclear safety? How should the laws and systems of nuclear safety be restructured if democracy is applied to the nuclear safety sector in its entirety?” Based on this awareness of the issue, this study argues that, as with legislation in the general sector, constitutional principles should be applied in the field of nuclear safety. Especially, the principle of citizen participation based on democracy should be accepted as a core principle of the nuclear safety legislation. To this end, this research lays the foundation for the challenges and directions of improvement of the nuclear safety legislation by clarifying the theoretical basis of the nuclear safety legislation based on the concept of risk and safety, and deriving the justification of citizen participation in the professional field through constitutional discussion of expertise and democracy. The first challenge of the nuclear safety legislation for realizing democracy is to adopt the principle of citizen participation based on democracy as the core principle of the nuclear safety legislation. It is also necessary to embrace the risk society paradigm and pursue the safety communication paradigm that requests citizen participation in order to transition to democratic nuclear safety governance. In addition, it is desirable that the information disclosure system on nuclear safety and local resident participation system be linked and operated in order to implement the principle of citizen participation. The improvement direction of the nuclear safety legislation is to revise Article 2-2 of the Nuclear Safety Act to reflect the principle of securing technological safety and social safety, and the principle of citizen participation as the fundamental principles of the nuclear safety legislation. Moreover, it is necessary to enact the ‘Nuclear Safety Information Disclosure and Communication Act’ to promote the information disclosure system on nuclear safety and local resident participation system. Especially, the Nuclear Safety Council should be given substantive authority to ensure that the Council, composed of representative personnel, can act as the communication channel, the public sphere, and the monitoring agency. 본 연구의 목표는 그 동안 학문적으로 이론적 근거가 미약했던 원자력안전법제에 관한 공법이론을 탐색하고, 민주주의 실현을 위한 원자력안전법제의 과제와 개선방향을 제시하는 것이다. 이 연구의 문제의식은 “원자력안전 분야에서는 왜 민주주의가 전면적으로 적용되지 않는가? 민주주의를 원자력안전 분야에 전면적으로 적용할 경우 원자력안전의 법률과 제도는 어떻게 재구성해야 하는가?”라는 질문에서 출발한다. 이러한 문제인식을 기반으로 본 연구는 일반 분야의 법제와 마찬가지로 원자력안전 분야에서도 헌법적 원리가 적용되어야 하며, 특히 민주주의에 근거한 시민참여의 원칙을 원자력안전법제의 핵심적인 원리로 수용해야 함을 논증한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 위험과 안전 개념에 기초하여 원자력안전법제의 이론적 근거를 규명하고, 전문성과 민주주의에 대한 헌법적 논의를 통해 전문적인 분야에서 시민참여의 정당성을 도출하여, 원자력안전법제의 과제 및 개선방향 제시를 위한 논의의 기초를 마련한다. 이 연구에서 제시한 민주주의 실현을 위한 원자력안전법제의 선결 과제는 민주주의에 근거한 시민참여의 원칙을 원자력안전법제의 핵심적인 원리로 수용하는 것이다. 그리고 민주적 원자력안전 거버넌스로 전환하기 위해 ‘위험사회 패러다임’을 받아들이고, ‘시민참여를 요청하는 안전 소통 패러다임’을 추구할 필요가 있다. 또한 원자력안전 정보공개제도와 지역주민참여제도는 시민참여의 원칙을 실행하는 차원에서 연계하여 운영하는 것이 바람직하다. 민주주의 실현을 위한 원자력안전법제의 개선방향은 「원자력안전법」 제2조의2를 개정하여 ‘기술적 안전성과 사회적 안전성 확보의 원칙’ 및 ‘시민참여의 원칙’을 원자력안전법제의 기본원칙으로 반영하고, 「(가칭)원자력안전 정보공개 및 소통에 관한 법률」을 제정하여 원자력안전 정보공개제도와 지역주민참여제도를 활성화시키는 것이다. 이를 위해 원자력안전 정보공개제도와 지역주민참여제도는 시민참여의 원칙을 실행하는 차원에서 하나의 제도로 운영되어야 하며, 대표성 있는 인사로 구성된 원자력안전협의회가 소통의 통로, 공론의 장, 더 나아가 감시기관의 역할을 수행할 수 있도록 안전협의회에 실질적인 권한을 부여해야 한다.

Patient Participation in Patient Safety and Its Relationships with Nurses' Patient-Centered Care Competency, Teamwork, and Safety Climate

황지인,김성완,진호준 한국간호과학회 2019 Asian Nursing Research Vol.13 No.2

Purpose: This study's aim was to examine degrees of patient participation in patient safety activities in hospitals and to investigate their relationships with nurses' patient-centered care competency (PCC), teamwork, and safety climate. Methods: A cross-sectional study designwas used. Data were collected with 479 nurses from two general hospitals in Seoul, Korea, using a questionnaire designed to collect data on patient participation in patient safety activities, PCC, teamwork perceptions, and safety climate. The response rate was 74.1% (N = 355). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean score for patient participation was 2.76 ± 0.46 of 4.0. The mean scores for PCC, teamwork, and safety climate were 3.61 ± 0.46, 3.64 ± 0.41, and 3.35 ± 0.57 of 5.0, respectively. Nurses who experienced high patient participation in patient safety activities ( 3.0) had higher scores for PCC, teamwork, and safety climate. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that PCC (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.14e4.70) and safety climate (OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.09e5.78) scores were the significant factors associated with patient participation. Conclusion: The degree of patient participation in patient safety activities was not high. Nurses' PCC, teamwork, and safety climate were positively related with patient participation. In particular, the findings indicate that enhancing nurses' competency for patient-centered care and creating a strong safety climate are important to promote patient participation for safer health care.

The Role of Safety Silence Motives to Safety Communication and Safety Participation in Different Sectors of Small and Medium Enterprises Investigation Results on Two Kinds of Industries in Indonesia

Ansori, Nachnul,Widyanti, Ari,Yassierli, Yassierli Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.2

Background: A number of accidents have occurred in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Efforts in reducing accidents have been undertaken through the implementation of safety behaviors. Unfortunately, few studies have examined motives behind unsafe behaviors, such as safety silence motives. This study aimed to observe the motives underlying safety behaviors, namely safety silence motive (SSM) (SSM-relation, SSM-climate, SSM-issue, and SSM-job) and to evaluate the effect of SSM and safety communication on safety participation in different industrial sectors and scales. Materials and Methods: Eighty workers from two industrial sectors and scales of SMEs were involved. They were instructed to fill out a set of questionnaires. A five-Likert scale was used to respond. An independent t test was applied to find any significant differences. The partial least square-structural equation modeling for multigroup was used to develop a model on relations among the variables. Results: The results showed that SSM scores were high in SMEs, and the scores were different across industrial sectors and scales. SSM had a negative influence on safety communication, and safety communication positively influenced safety participation. Conclusion: The study of SSM, safety communication, and safety participation in different sectors and scales should be separated in SMEs.

시민참여를 활용한지역사회 안전지도 구축방안

조민상 한국치안행정학회 2019 한국치안행정논집 Vol.15 No.4

Public-led activities and information provision, including the central government, limit the delivery of on-site information on existing risks and safety. This study attempted to find a way to build a community safety map to improve safety in the community. The way to change is to improve the safety map based on communication and cooperation by utilizing citizen participation. As a result of looking at the data on the safety map, the necessary information was gathered and operated by the related organizations in order to provide safety map. However, there was a difficult limit for citizen participation. Citizens' perception of safety maps is as follows. First, interest in the operation of safety maps was low. Second, it seems that there is a lack of awareness and concern about safety space in the community. Third, the need for the safety map has varied in the needs of citizens, including information provision. The following items should be improved to utilize citizen participation in the safety map. First, expertise and technical skills are needed. Second, the scope and criteria of information provision should be improved. Third, the uniformity of information provision should be improved. Fourth, active education and public relations are necessary for citizen participation. Finally, it is necessary to consider vulnerable groups in using safety maps. 중앙정부를 포함하여 관 주도적인 활동과 정보의 제공은 현존하는 위험 및 안전에 대한 현장 정보를 전달하는데 한계를 보인다. 본 연구는 지역사회의 안전을 개선하기 위하여 지역사회 안전지도를 구축하는 방안을 모색하고자 시도하였다. 변화의 방법으로는 시민의 참여를 활용하여 소통과 협력을 기반으로 한 안전지도를 개선하는 것이다. 안전지도에 관한 자료를 살펴본 결과에 의하면, 안전지도를 제공하기 위하여 관련기관에서 필요한 정보를 종합하여 운영하고 있었다. 그러나 시민이 참여하기에는 다소 어려운 한계가 나타났다. 안전지도에 관한 시민 인식을 분석한 결과로는 첫째, 안전지도에 대한 관심이 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 지역의 안전 공간에 대한 인식과 관심이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 안전지도와 관련하여 필요한 사항으로는 정보제공을 포함하여 시민의 요구가 다양하게 나타났다. 안전지도와 관련하여 시민의 참여를 활용하기 위해 개선될 사항은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전문 지식 및 기술력의 확보가 필요하다. 둘째, 정보 제공 대상과 범위 및 참여의 기준이 설정되어야 한다. 셋째, 정보제공의 통일성이 개선되어야 한다. 넷째, 시민참여를 위한 적극적 안내와 홍보가 필요하다. 끝으로 안전지도 이용의 취약 계층에 대한 배려가 필요하다.

산업 안전분위기 이론의 외식업계 위생안전분위기 관리에의 적용

안관영 대한안전경영과학회 2014 대한안전경영과학회지 Vol.16 No.3

This paper reviewed the relationship between safety climate(superior attitude, education, precaution, communication, and job load) and safety performance(safety compliance and safety participation), and the moderating effects of gender and age. Based on the responses from 288 employees, the results of multiple regression analysis appeared as follow; 1) superior attitude effects positively on safety compliance and safety participation, but, job load effects negatively on safety compliance and safety participation. 2) precaution effects positively on safety participation. 3) education and precaution are more positively related with safety compliance and safety participation in female employee than in male employee. 4) education is more positively related with safety compliance and safety participation in older employee than in younger employee.

Relationship Between Participant s Selection Attributes, Satisfaction, and Continued Participation according to SAFETY Awareness of Water Leisure Sports

Hwansuk Choi,Canghee Park J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Crisis & Safety Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: The study examines the impact of Safety Awareness on the Selection Attributes, Satisfaction, and continuation of participants participation, which not only affects the management of Water Leisure Sports facilities but also affects the image of sports events due to safety accidents. In addition, the purpose is to pro-vide basic data necessary for promoting Safety Awareness and developing education services and establishing specific strategies to revitalize the water leisure industry in the Water Leisure Sports industry with high growth functionality. Method: In this study, 250 users of the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area water leisure center were the subjects of the study, and a questionnaire was conducted using the convenience sampling method. By adopting the self-evaluation writing method, the survey respondents were asked to see the questionnaire and mark it in the cor-responding section.A valid sample is a questionnaire of 223 people using data from 250 final responders who are unresponsive or missing part of the survey. For data processing, after collecting the distributed question-naire, data that are judged to be inadequate or unreliable in response are excluded from the research subject. After inputting the data that can be analyzed individually into the computer, statistical verification was per-formed with the statistical package programs SPSS Program 25.0 and AMOS 18.0 according to the purpose of data analysis. The structural equation modeling was used as an empirical statistical method. Results: In this study, there was a statistically significant correlation between most of the variables, and since the values of all correlation coefficients did not exceed .8, there was no multicollinearity problem. Model goodness-of-fit verification has shown to satisfy all the goodness-of-fit indices. As a result of hypothesis verification, first, it was found that safety Safety Awareness has an effect on the Selection Attributes(β=.098, t=1.532, p<.001).Second, Safety Awareness was found to have an effect on Satisfaction(β=.117, t=2.724, p<.001). Third, Safety Awareness was found to have an effect on Continued Participation(β=.136, t=3.457, p<.001). Therefore, the following activities must be undertaken such as safe driving of Water Leisure Sports users, securing of systematically trained experts, thorough safety education before activities, expansion and financial investment of safety facilities and safety equipment, qualification training of water sports safety management personnel, and supplementation of legal systems, etc. After that, it can raises participants sense of safety and makes them feel satisfied.Finally, it will help expand the base of Water Leisure Sports and revive related industries. Conclusion: Safety Awareness was found to have a positive effect on the Selection Attributes, Satisfaction, and Continued Participation. Therefore, development and implementation of educational programs for accident prevention at Water Leisure Sports facilities or workplaces, pretraining for quick action in the event of an accident, and compensation for follow-up measures and safety education are required. In addition, related agencies need to make constant efforts to protect valuable lives and popularize Water Leisure Sports by developing safety management tasks for users through strengthening the crackdown on violations of the law and revise the regulation due to active efforts and securing many experts.

모험스포츠 참여자의 안전의식과 참여지속에 대한 안전실천행동의 매개효과 검증

권헌수,신종섭 한국융합과학회 2019 한국융합과학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Pupose : This study examined the analysis of the mediating effects of safety practice behavior within the relationship of safety awareness and participation persistence for adventure sports participant. Methods : The number of the surveyed for this study was 313 who participated in the adventure sport clubs. The reliability and validity test of the questionnaire itself was conducted by using SPSS & AMOS Window 18.0 program; the results of descriptive statistical analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling are as follows. Conclusion : The results were as being follows. First, the safety awareness is partially influences on the safety practice behavior in adventure sports participant. Second, the safety awareness is partially influences on the participation persistence in adventure sports participant. Third, the safety practice behavior is partially influences on the participation persistence in adventure sports participant. Lastly there is a causal relationship between the safety awareness, safety practice behavior and participation persistence in adventure sports participant. 연구목적: 이 연구는 모험스포츠 참여자의 안전의식과 참여지속에 대한 안전실천행동의 매개효과를 검증하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 이를 위해 서울과 경기도에 소재하고 있는 모험스포츠 동호회의 회원들 313명을 편의표집법으로 표집하였다. 그리고 자료는 컴퓨터에 개별 입력(coding)시키고, Window용 SPSS & AMOS 18.0 Version 통계프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관분석, 구조방정식 모형분석을 실시하여 검증하였다. 결론: 이상의 연구방법과 절차를 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 모험스포츠 참여자의 안전의식이 안전실천행동에 미치는 영향력을 살펴본 결과 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 모험스포츠 참여자의 안전의식이 참여지속에 미치는 영향력을 살펴본 결과 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 모험스포츠 참여자의 안전실천행동이 참여지속에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 모험스포츠 참여자의 안전의식과 참여지속 사이에서 안전실천행동은 완전매개를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 안전실천행동은 안전의식과 참여지속 사이에서 중요한 변인으로서 역할을 한다.

스쿠버다이빙 참가자의 감각추구성향과 안전의식 및 안전행동의 관계

박준호(Park, Jun-Ho),소영호(So, Young-Ho) 한국사회체육학회 2023 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.- No.93

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among sensation seeking, safety consciousness, and safety behavior of scuba diving participants. Method: The subjects of this study were 239 participants who engagedin scuba diving. Participants completed questionnaires on sensation seeking, safety consciousness, and safety behavior. The collected data were the subjected to multiple regression analysis using SPSS 23.0. Results: First, the experience seeking had a positive (+) influence o nsafety precaution and safety will of scuba diving participants, while boredom susceptibility had a negative (-) influence on safety precaution and safety will. Additionally, experience seeking had a psoitive (+) influence on safety knowledge and safety cognition, whereas thrill and adventure seeking had a negative (-) influence on safety cognition. Second, the experience seeking had a positive (+) influence ons afety compliance behavior and participation behavior of scuba diving participants, whereas boredom susceptibility had a negative (-) influence on safety compliance behavior and participation behavior. Third, the safety precaution, safety will, and safety cognition showed positive (+) influences on safety compliance behavior and participation behavior of scuba diving participants. Fourth, safety consciousness was foundt o have a complete mediating effect on the relationship between sensation seeking and safety behavior of scuba diving participants. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the significance of sensation seeking as the primary factor influencing the safety consciousness and safety behavior o fscuba diving participants. Additionally, the findings suggest that participants can enhance their safety consciousness through their safety behavior. Moreover, the study reveals that sensation seeking has an indeirct effect on safety behavior through safety consciousness, acting as a complete mediating factor. These insights provide valuable implications for promoting safety awareness and behavior among scuba diving enthusiasts.

소규모 사업장에서 내부 이해관계자들 간의 연계가 산업재해에 미치는 영향: 사업주의 안전의지, 관리감독자의 안전리더십, 근로자 참여를 중심으로

최진우,이익모,김홍관,김덕한,천영우 대한안전경영과학회 2023 대한안전경영과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

This study attempted to provide implications by analyzing the impact of business Owner’s safety commitment on industrial accidents and examining the mediating role of management supervisors’ safety leadership and worker participation. Analysis was conducted on 2,067 manufacturing sites with 20 to 50 employees in the 10th Occupational Safety and Health Survey data. SPSS waw used to secure the reliability of the measurement variable. Hypothesis vertification was carried out after securing the suitability and validity of the structural model using AMOS. The direct impact of three latent variables on industrial accidents was confirmed: the business owner’s safety commitment, the management supervisor’s safety leadership, and the worker participation. The employer’s safety will and the management supervisor’s safety leadership do not directly affect industial accidents, but it has been verified that worker participation has a diret impact on industrial accident reduction. In addition, it has been confirmed that the safety leadership and worker participation of the management. Supervior have a complete mediating effect on the reduction of industrial accidents by mediating with the safety leadership of the management supervior and the participation of the workers. This study analyzed the impact on industrial accidents by dividing the stakeholders constituting the workplace into three classes: business owners, superviors, and workers, but the results suggest that employers and all workers inside the workplace may be organically linked to achieving the goal of reducing industrial accidents. Therefore, in order to establish an autonomous safety management system for safety and health at workerplaces, efforts are needed to reduce industrial accidents in their respective location by forming an organic community among internal stakeholders.

해양스포츠 참여자의 안전의식과 몰입, 태도 및 참여 만족간의 구조적 관계

김영주(Kim, Yeong-Ju),최현욱(Choi, Hyun-Wook) 한국체육과학회 2019 한국체육과학회지 Vol.28 No.2

The results of this study are as follows. First, we analyzed the structural relationship between safety consciousness, commitment, attitude and participation satisfaction of marine sports participants. he results of this study are as follows. First, the model of fitness of participants in marine sports was set as exogenous variables, and the model of fitness of participant`s satisfaction was the end - As a result, it was found that there was a significant causal relationship between safety consciousness, attitude, safety consciousness, participation satisfaction, attitude and participation satisfaction. Based on these findings, the conclusion of this study is that the safety consciousness of marine sports participants affects participation satisfaction based on the right attitude. Therefore, leaders and dancers for marine sports activities should focus on program planning, methods, and measures to cope with safety accidents so that they can strengthen safety awareness, have preventative knowledge, and build trust and trust based on them. These exemplary behaviors are expected to improve marine sports participants` participation in marine sports activities by improving their ability to prevent and cope with safety accidents, and attitudes toward marine sports. This study is a study of participants of some limited marine sports events. Therefore, it is necessary to study and deeply study the participation satisfaction considering various variables of marine sport events and participants.