기업의 부동산 보유정책의 결정요인에 대한 패널자료분석

윤영주,김은주,김정일 한국자료분석학회 2019 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.21 No.3

The objective of this research was to investigate determinants affecting the real estate holding ratio of firms through linear and non-linear panel analysis. For the empirical analysis, a sample of 272 firms were selected based on a suitable balanced panel data analysis for eight years from 2010 to 2017 using a financial statement database provided by Fn-Guide. Linear and non-linear panel analysis were performed using the sample to examine descriptive analysis, correlation analysis for each variable, and association between corporate governance and the real estate holding ratio. The real estate holding ratio was statistically significant only for institutional investor share ratio, size, return on assets, and growth ratio by linear panel analysis. In addition, major stockholder share ratio, foreign investor share ratio, return on assets, research & development ratio, and free cash flow were presented as a reverse U shape, and leverage rate was displayed as a U shape in the non-linear panel analysis. And the relationship between the real estate holding ratio compared to the results using the linear panel analysis could be interpreted differently, since there were significant results for all variables except outside directors ratio and advertisement ratio in the non-linear panel analysis. 본 연구는 기업의 부동산 보유비율에 미치는 결정요인을 선형패널분석과 비선형패널분석을 통하여 규명하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 실증적 분석에서, 표본은 Fn-Guide에서 제공하는 재무제표 데이터베이스를 이용하여 2010년부터 균형패널자료분석에 적합한 272개 기업의 8년간 패널자료를 대상으로 분석하였다. 이들 표본을 대상으로 표본의 기술적 분석, 각 변수의 상관분석, 그리고 기업지배구조와 부동산 보유비율의 상호관련성을 검증하기 위하여 선형패널분석과 비선형패널분석을 실시하였다. 선형패널분석에서는 기관투자자 지분율, 기업규모, 총자산순이익률, 그리고 매출액증가율만이 부동산 보유비율에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있다. 비선형패널분석에서는 대주주 지분율, 외국인투자자 지분율, 총자산순이익률, 연구개발비비율, 그리고 잉여현금흐름비율이 역 U자 형태를 취하고 있으며, 부채비율은 U자 형태를 취하고 있다. 제곱항이 제거된 변수에서는 선형패널분석 결과와 비슷하였으며, 제곱항이 유의한 변수는 더 많은 정보를 제공하여 유의한 해석이 가능하였다. 결과적으로 비선형에서는 사외이사비율과 광고선전비 비율을 제외한 모든 변수들에 대하여 유의한 해석이 가능하여 부동산 보유비율과 관계를 선형패널분석에서의 결과와 다른 해석을 할 수 있다.

Relationship of Ceramic Insulation Panel System Development and Verification of LCC

Han, Min-Cheol,Jeon, Kyu-Nam,Lee, Gun-Cheol,Kim, Tae-Hui The Korean Institute of Building Construction 2012 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.12 No.4

In this study, life cycle cost (LCC) is analyzed according to insulation panel system type using a deterministic LCC analysis method. Through this analysis, it was found that the construction cost in the deterministic LCC analysis for Ceramic panels was low compared to the construction cost for metal and stone panels. Also, the difference in cost between the Ceramic panel and the metal panel was about 2 times. In the area of maintenance cost, it was found to be similar to the previously analyzed construction cost, in which the metal panel has the highest cost due to the high cost of construction and the frequent need for maintenance. In the case of the stone panel, a small difference in cost is shown compared with that of the Ceramic panel, but the cost is higher than the Ceramic panel. Regarding the cost of waste disposal, the Ceramic panel can reduce the cost by at least 1.5 times and up to 2 times compared to other panel systems. Finally, in the analysis of sensitivity according to changes in discount rates, the Ceramic panel and metal panel systems have a similar cost, and the cost of the metal panel is a bit larger than that of other panel systems. Thus, in the subjects used in the analysis, the Ceramic panel system shows the highest economic benefits.

Relationship of Ceramic Insulation Panel System Development and Verification of LCC

한민철,전규남,이건철,김태희 한국건축시공학회 2012 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.12 No.4

In this study, life cycle cost (LCC) is analyzed according to insulation panel system type using a deterministic LCC analysis method. Through this analysis, it was found that the construction cost in the deterministic LCC analysis for Ceramic panels was low compared to the construction cost for metal and stone panels. Also, the difference in cost between the Ceramic panel and the metal panel was about 2 times. In the area of maintenance cost, it was found to be similar to the previously analyzed construction cost, in which the metal panel has the highest cost due to the high cost of construction and the frequent need for maintenance. In the case of the stone panel, a small difference in cost is shown compared with that of the Ceramic panel, but the cost is higher than the Ceramic panel. Regarding the cost of waste disposal, the Ceramic panel can reduce the cost by at least 1.5 times and up to 2 times compared to other panel systems. Finally, in the analysis of sensitivity according to changes in discount rates, the Ceramic panel and metal panel systems have a similar cost, and the cost of the metal panel is a bit larger than that of other panel systems. Thus, in the subjects used in the analysis, the Ceramic panel system shows the highest economic benefits.

잠재클래스분석을 이용한 패널데이터의 군집화 사례 연구

김지현,강현철,한상태 한국자료분석학회 2015 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.17 No.4

Latent class analysis (LCA) can be used when you want to cluster the data with similar patterns given to a small number of groups. The group with similar patterns is called latent class and latent classes are explained by assumptions about the relationship between latent variables. The form of latent class analysis model can be considered as a kind of mixture model, purpose and contents of the analysis can be compared to the cluster analysis. In comparison with the traditional distance-based clustering analysis, latent class analysis is has several advantages to be applied conveniently to real-world problems, the recent trend is very much applicable in various fields. This study introduces the form of a latent class analysis model and discuss the criteria used to determine the number of latent classes, and to examine the characteristics of the latent class analysis. Also, latent class analysis applied to the KEEP (Korean Education & Employment Panel) survey data and HCCP (Human Capital Corporate Panel) survey data, and examine the main results of latent class analysis. 잠재클래스분석(LCA; latent class analysis)은 주어진 데이터를 비슷한 패턴을 지닌 소수의 집단으로 나누고자 할 때 사용할 수 있다. 이때 비슷한 패턴을 지닌 집단을 잠재클래스라 하고 잠재클래스들은 잠재변수에 대한 가정을 통하여 관계가 설명된다. 잠재클래스분석 모형의 형태는 일종의 혼합모형(mixture model)으로 간주될 수 있으며, 분석의 목적이나 내용은 군집분석(cluster analysis)과 비교될 수 있다. 잠재클래스분석은 전통적인 거리-기반의 군집분석과 비교하여 실제 문제에 적용하기 편리한 몇 가지 장점들을 가지고 있으며, 최근 다양한 분야에서 매우 많이 적용되고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 잠재클래스분석 모형의 형태를 소개하고, 잠재클래스의 수를 결정하는 데 사용되는 기준들을 논의하며, 잠재클래스분석의 특징을 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 잠재클래스분석이 가지는 단점과 이를 해결하기 위한 확장된 형태의 모형들에 대하여 소개한다. 그리고 실제 데이터에 대한 사례분석을 위하여 한국직업능력개발원에서 실시한 KEEP(한국교육고용패널)와 HCCP(인적자본기업패널) 조사 데이터에 대하여 잠재클래스분석을 적용하고 주요 분석결과를 살펴보고자 한다.

A Research on the Economic Growth, Export, Population, and Disparity

Yeon Joon Kim 한국유럽학회 2013 유럽연구 Vol.31 No.3

기술의 발달은 산업화와 공업화를 촉진시킨다. 이는 지속 가능한 적정 인구유지에 기여하고 인구 증가는 경제 발전에 기여한다. 경제 발전이 진행되면서 또 한편으로는 국가 내지역 격차와 국가 간 지역 격차의 문제가 전 세계적으로 대두되고 있다. 한편 세계화와 국제화가 진행되면서 각국은 내수 포화 문제를 해결하기 위해 수출주도형 성장전략에 의존하게 된다. 이와 같은 국내외 경제 현황 속에서 본 연구에서는 유럽의 거시경제 데이터를 가지고 지역격차를 분석하고 수출주도형 경제성장을 테스트 하며 성장과정에서 발생되는 유럽 내 국가 간 그리고 국가 내 지역격차의 문제를 연구한다. 이와 같은 다이내믹한 거시경제 연관관계를 분석하기 위해 본 연구에서는 서베이 조사, 패널데이터 분석, 그랜저 인과분석의 세가지 테스트를 시행하여 위에서 언급한 내용들을 분석하고자 한다. 주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구에서 European Quality Life Survey 결과, 소득 측면에서 지방 임금이 도시 임금 보다 낮았고 고품질 노동력은 도시에 집중되어 있었다. 또한 교육수준은 경제성장에 그다지 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났고 저소득국가에게는 농업분야 소득이 지방에서 높았다. 둘째, 본 연구에서는 유럽 25개 국가를 대상으로 패널데이터 분석을 시행한다. 분석결과 이들 국가의 경우 인구는 경제성장에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 한 국가를 효율적으로 유지하기 위해서는 지속 가능한 일정규모 이상의 인구가 유지되어야 안정적인 경제성장에 도움이 되는 것을 발견하였으며, 이는 지역 격차를 줄일 수 있는 하나의 중요한 요인으로 작용한다는 사실을 발견하였다.셋째, 본 연구에서는 유럽의 네 개의 국가를 대상으로 두 가지 그랜저 인과분석을 한다. 먼저 각 국가별 변수들 간의 그랜저 인과분석을 한다. 그 다음으로 각 국가 간 변수들 간의 그랜저 인과분석을 한다. 첫 번째 분석 결과, 수출이 경제 성장에 그리고 경제성장이 수출에 각각 그랜저 인과 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 적절한 수출 전략 달성으로 인해 각 국은 경제성장을 달성한다는 것을 볼 수 있다. 두 번째 분석 결과, 국가 간에도 수출과 경제 성장 간에는 밀접한 상호 연관된 그랜저 인과관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이와 같은 그랜저 인과관계는 국가 간 지역격차를 줄일 수 있는 중요한 매개체적인 역할을 하게 된다. 본 연구에서 분석한 세 가지 테스트 결과를 종합해 보면, 산업화와 공업화로 도시와 농촌 간에 지역격차가 발생하였고 또한 국가 간 지역 격차가 발생하였다. 그리고, 지속 가능한 일정 수준 이상의 인구증가가 있어야 경제성장에 기여할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 산업화와 공업화는 포화된 내수 문제와 더불어 수출 증대에 기여하게 되고, 수출 증대는 국가별 경제성장에 기여하게 된다. 결국 지속 가능한 인구증가와 더불어 수출 주도형경제성장으로 인해 국가 간 지역 격차는 줄어들고 있으며, 국가 내 지역 격차 문제도 같은 맥락으로 경제성장으로 줄어들고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. With the technological development and the industrialization, overall population has been grown. ‘Inter-regional disparity’ or ‘inter-regional inequality’ and ‘disparity in one country’ or ‘inequality in one country’ have been spread over the world. With the globalization and the internationalization, each country pays more attention to the export-led growth. This research investigates the regional disparity among the European countries. Also, this paper investigates one country`s disparity in the EU. This paper conducts three empirical tests. First, this paper conducts survey analysis by using the European quality life survey (EQLS). Second, this paper investigates the panel data analysis. With the panel data analysis, this paper investigates whether population affects economic growth in the European countries. And, this paper studies whether changes in population affect changes in growth rate in the European countries. Third, this paper conducts the Grangercausality test. With the analysis, this paper analyzes whether there exists the Granger-causality among economic growth, exports, and unemployment. First, with the result of the European quality life survey, the rural income is less than the urban income. And, high quality labor force is concentrated on the urban area. We find that educational level does not affect economic growth. For the low income countries, income of the agricultural sector is high. Second, this research conducts the panel data analysis using twenty-five European countries. For the panel data analysis, we use the EU`s data of GDP and population. Results of the analysis show that population affects economic growth. Therefore, this research finds that economic growth is accomplished by maintaining appropriate amounts of population. And, this is one factor that reduces the regional disparity or the regional inequality. Third, this paper conducts the Granger-causality analysis using four European countries. This paper conducts the Granger-causality analysis using macroeconomic data by country. For the Granger-causality analysis, this paper uses real GDP growth, merchandise export growth, and unemployment rate for the selected European countries. Additionally, this paper conducts the Granger-causality analysis using macroeconomic data among countries. First results of the Granger-causality test show that exports affect economic growth and economic growth affects exports. This shows that each country accomplishes economic growth by exports. Second results of the Granger-causality test show that exports and economic growth are closely related and this has a role to reduce the regional disparity. With this research, we find that we need appropriate population to maintain one country. And, the export-led growth is a growth engine in one country with the globalization and the internationalization. Therefore, the export-led growth with proper population contributes to reduce the regional disparity in Europe. We find that globalization and internationalization are drive-forces in accomplishing an equal development.

A Research on the Economic Growth, Export, Population, and Disparity:in case of the EU

김연준 한국유럽학회 2013 유럽연구 Vol.31 No.3

With the technological development and the industrialization, overall population has been grown. ‘Inter-regional disparity’ or ‘inter-regional inequality’ and ‘disparity in one country’ or ‘inequality in one country’ have been spread over the world. With the globalization and the internationalization, each country pays more attention to the export-led growth. This research investigates the regional disparity among the European countries. Also, this paper investigates one country’s disparity in the EU. This paper conducts three empirical tests. First, this paper conducts survey analysis by using the European quality life survey (EQLS). Second, this paper investigates the panel data analysis. With the panel data analysis, this paper investigates whether population affects economic growth in the European countries. And, this paper studies whether changes in population affect changes in growth rate in the European countries. Third, this paper conducts the Grangercausality test. With the analysis, this paper analyzes whether there exists the Granger-causality among economic growth, exports, and unemployment. First, with the result of the European quality life survey, the rural income is less than the urban income. And, high quality labor force is concentrated on the urban area. We find that educational level does not affect economic growth. For the low income countries, income of the agricultural sector is high. Second, this research conducts the panel data analysis using twenty-fiveEuropean countries. For the panel data analysis, we use the EU’s data of GDP and population. Results of the analysis show that population affects economic growth. Therefore, this research finds that economic growth is accomplished by maintaining appropriate amounts of population. And, this is one factor that reduces the regional disparity or the regional inequality. Third, this paper conducts the Granger-causality analysis using four European countries. This paper conducts the Granger-causality analysis using macroeconomic data by country. For the Granger-causality analysis, this paper uses real GDP growth, merchandise export growth, and unemployment rate for the selected European countries. Additionally, this paper conducts the Granger-causality analysis using macroeconomic data among countries. First results of the Granger-causality test show that exports affect economic growth and economic growth affects exports. This shows that each country accomplishes economic growth by exports. Second results of the Granger-causality test show that exports and economic growth are closely related and this has a role to reduce the regional disparity. With this research, we find that we need appropriate population to maintain one country. And, the export-led growth is a growth engine in one country with the globalization and the internationalization. Therefore, the export-led growth with proper population contributes to reduce the regional disparity in Europe. We find that globalization and internationalization are drive-forces in accomplishing an equal development.

연구개발투자 관련 연구의 메타분석

박항식 ( Hang-sik Park ),김치용 ( Chi-yong Kim ),이영수 ( Young-soo Lee ) 한국질서경제학회 2016 질서경제저널 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구는 연구개발투자-경제적 파급효과와 관련된 다양한 연구를 메타분석의 개념의 도입하여 체계적으로 정리하고자하는 연구는 국내에서 최초로 시도되는 것이다. 메타분석을 통해 도출된 결과는 다양한 연구에서 다소 차이를 보이는 결과에 대해서 원인을 밝히고자 시도된 연구이다. 덧붙여 추후 연구개발 파급효과를 분석함에 있어서 연구자의 오류를 최소화 하는데 기여하고자 한다. 연구개발성과, 종속변수, 자료, 방법론 등을 체계적으로 정리하여, 최종결과의 차이가 발생하는 요인에 대해 분석하였다. 이러한 결과를 산출하기 위해 선행연구 결과, 선행연구에 사용된 자료의 특징 및 분석방법의 특징 등을 계량화하고, 최종적으로 메타회귀분석을 시도하였다. 메타분석을 통해 ‘자료 특성에 관한 분석’과 ‘메타회귀분석’ 이상 두 가지 분석을 통해 일관성있는 결과를 도출하였다. 이 중 가장 특징적으로 나타난 것은 다음의 세 가지로 정리된다. 첫째, 분석에 사용된 자료는 패널 자료로 구성하여 패널분석을 수행해야 한다는 것이다. 이는 패널분석의 특징을 바탕으로 일반적인 회귀분석에서 통제할 수 없는 다양한 요인을 분석기법을 통해 통제할 수 있으며, 그 결과 또한 상대적으로 신뢰성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 축약식추정방정식보다는 구조방정식을 이용하는 것이 바람직하다. 셋째, 자본 및 노동관련 변수의 포함이다. 자본 및 노동관련 변수가 제외되는 경우 연구개발투자의 경제적 효과가 과대추정 될 수 있다는 것이 본 연구에서 수행된 메타회귀분석의 중요한 결과 중 하나이다. 따라서 추후 연구개발투자와 경제적 효과 간의 관계를 연구하는 과정에서는 자본 및 노동에 관한 변수가 반드시 포함되어야 할 것이다. There have been many empirical studies regarding the economic impact of R&D, but there also has been caused controversy due to the gap between empirical results and observation in real economy. This study reviews and derives limitations in which previous R&D study had and tried to measure the economic impact of R&D using meta regression analysis method. Reviewing previous studies, we find four disputes regarding the estimation of economic impact of R&D. First of all, there are discussions about R&D stock and depreciation rate. It is usually the case that studies use R&D stock in the estimation, rather than a flow variable of R&D investment. Some research employs R&D to GDP ratio or R&D to total sale ratio, but these have a limitation to reflect the characteristics of R&D investment. In using depreciation rate, there is no formal way to incorporate it into the model and it depends on subjective decision. Second one is about the time lag in the model. There exists a gap between R&D investment and the practical use, and it takes times to have an external effect on other industries. Deciding how long it takes time to commercialize R&D investment also depends on researchers’ subjective judgement, varying from 1 to 3 years in most studies. Thirdly, there needs to distinguish the stage of R&D investment. R&D investment can be divided into basic, applied and experimental development research and each has different goals. Few research has taken this into account. Lastly, in analyzing the economic impact of R&D investment, focal point should be on the construction of panel data and data analysis. Panel analysis has an advantage in capturing and controlling cross-sectional/time series properties, therefore, panel data analysis would be suitable in estimating the effect of R&D investment. From the meta regression analysis, the results which we found are summarized as following; first, empirical model should be based on panel data analysis. By using variable methods and model, it is possible to get more reliable results. Secondly, it is better to use a system of equations which is based on theoretical model. In many studies, an estimation model lacks of theoretical background and simply adopts an estimation equations from previous literature. It raises questions regarding the estimation model’s credibility and makes it vulnerable. Lastly, we find that capital and labor variables should be included in an estimation; according to our results from meta regression analysis, when these variables are omitted, there may cause over-estimation of the effect of R&D investment. In analyzing the economic impact of R&D investment, researchers should cast careful attention on panel analysis, a system of equation and inclusion of capital and labor related variable. In addtion, as was pointed out in other studies, intensive research regarding R&D depreciation rate and its time lag should be needed to have more reliable and improved results.

Blast behavior of steel infill panels with various thickness and stiffener arrangement

Saeid Lotfi,Seyed Mehdi Zahrai 국제구조공학회 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.65 No.5

Infill panel is the first element of a building subjected to blast loading activating its out-of-plane behavior. If the infill panel does not have enough ductility against the loading, it breaks and gets damaged before load transfer and energy dissipation. As steel infill panel has appropriate ductility before fracture, it can be used as an alternative to typical infill panels under blast loading. Also, it plays a pivotal role in maintaining sensitive main parts against blast loading. Concerning enough ductility of the infill panel out-of-plane behavior, the impact force enters the horizontal diaphragm and is distributed among the lateral elements. This article investigates the behavior of steel infill panels with different thicknesses and stiffeners. In order to precisely study steel infill panels, different ranges of blast loading are used and maximum displacement of steel infill under such various blast loading is studied. In this research, finite element analyses including geometric and material nonlinearities are used for optimization of the steel plate thickness and stiffener arrangement to obtain more efficient design for its better out-of-plane behavior. The results indicate that this type of infill with out-of-plane behavior shows a proper ductility especially in severe blast loadings. In the blasts with high intensity, maximum displacement of infill is more sensitive to change in the thickness of plate rather the change in number of stiffeners such that increasing the number of stiffeners and the plate thickness of infill panel would decrease energy dissipation by 20 and 77% respectively. The ductile behavior of steel infill panels shows that using infill panels with less thickness has more effect on energy dissipation. According to this study, the infill panel with 5 mm thickness works better if the criterion of steel infill panel design is the reduction of transmitted impulse to main structure. For example in steel infill panels with 5 stiffeners and blast loading with the reflected pressure of 375 kPa and duration of 50 milliseconds, the transmitted impulse has decreased from 41206 N.Sec in 20 mm infill to 37898 N.Sec in 5 mm infill panel.

Blast behavior of steel infill panels with various thickness and stiffener arrangement

Lotfi, Saeid,Zahrai, Seyed Mehdi Techno-Press 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.65 No.5

Infill panel is the first element of a building subjected to blast loading activating its out-of-plane behavior. If the infill panel does not have enough ductility against the loading, it breaks and gets damaged before load transfer and energy dissipation. As steel infill panel has appropriate ductility before fracture, it can be used as an alternative to typical infill panels under blast loading. Also, it plays a pivotal role in maintaining sensitive main parts against blast loading. Concerning enough ductility of the infill panel out-of-plane behavior, the impact force enters the horizontal diaphragm and is distributed among the lateral elements. This article investigates the behavior of steel infill panels with different thicknesses and stiffeners. In order to precisely study steel infill panels, different ranges of blast loading are used and maximum displacement of steel infill under such various blast loading is studied. In this research, finite element analyses including geometric and material nonlinearities are used for optimization of the steel plate thickness and stiffener arrangement to obtain more efficient design for its better out-of-plane behavior. The results indicate that this type of infill with out-of-plane behavior shows a proper ductility especially in severe blast loadings. In the blasts with high intensity, maximum displacement of infill is more sensitive to change in the thickness of plate rather the change in number of stiffeners such that increasing the number of stiffeners and the plate thickness of infill panel would decrease energy dissipation by 20 and 77% respectively. The ductile behavior of steel infill panels shows that using infill panels with less thickness has more effect on energy dissipation. According to this study, the infill panel with 5 mm thickness works better if the criterion of steel infill panel design is the reduction of transmitted impulse to main structure. For example in steel infill panels with 5 stiffeners and blast loading with the reflected pressure of 375 kPa and duration of 50 milliseconds, the transmitted impulse has decreased from 41206 N.Sec in 20 mm infill to 37898 N.Sec in 5 mm infill panel.

Numerical investigation on local damage of proposed RC panels under impact loading

Thai, Duc-Kien,Nguyen, Duy-Liem,Kim, Seung-Eock Elsevier 2019 Nuclear engineering and design Vol.341 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effects of transverse reinforcing rebar on the penetration resistant capacity of the reinforced concrete (RC) panel still remains a challenging problem in the field of civil and structural engineering. In the present paper, we numerically analyze the penetration resistant capacity of three proposed panels with different transverse reinforcing rebar arrangements. The obtained results are then compared with reference solutions derived from the conventional RC panel using T-bars. The components of the RC panel, missile, and support system are fully developed. Material nonlinearity, which considers erosion damage, is employed in this simulation. The IRIS Punching tests are used for validating the numerical modeling of the RC panel subjected to impact loading. Parametric studies with varying transverse reinforcing rebar arrangements and ratios are performed to investigate the penetration response of RC panels. The present numerical result shows that the proposed panels offer a better penetration resistant capacity than that of conventional panels using T-bars. We thus recommend an efficient design of RC panels with a proposed transverse reinforcing rebar arrangement.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Analysis of RC panels with different transverse reinforcement are presented. </LI> <LI> The conventional RC panel with T-bar is used for the purpose of comparison. </LI> <LI> Effects of transverse reinforcement arrangement and its ratio are presented. </LI> <LI> Efficient design of RC panel is recommended. </LI> </UL> </P>