PET/CT 전신 영상에서 오렌지 주스(Orange Juice)를 이용한 위장 확장 영상의 유용성

조석원,정석,오신현,박훈희,김재삼,이창호,Cho, Seok-Won,Chung, Seok,Oh, Shin-Hyun,Park, Hoon-Hee,Kim, Jae-Sam,Lee, Chang-Ho 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.1

Purpose: The PET/CT has a clear distinction on the lesion of the functional image by adding anatomical information. It also could reduce the examination time using CT data as the attenuation-correction. When the stomach was contracted from a fast, it could bring a misinterpretation of the cancer of the lesion with a presence of physiological $^{18}F$-FDG uptake in stomach and it occasionally would bring an additional scan to confirm. To complement this shortcoming, the method that the patients had water before the examination to extend the stomach had been attempted. However, a short excretion time of the stomach did not give sufficiently extended image of the stomach. Then the patients had additional water and had the examination again. Therefore, the noticed fact is that the stomach excretion time depends on calories, protein content, and the level of carbohydrate. In this study, we use an orange juice to evaluate the extension of the stomach and usefulness of it. Materials and Methods: PET/CT scan were obtained on total 150 of patient from February 2008 to October2008, There were 3 groups in this study and each group had 50 patients. First group drank nothing, Second group drank water and third group drank orange juice. The patients (man 25, female 25) not drinking are the age of 30~71 years old (average: 54), the patients (man: 25, female: 25) drinking water (400 cc) are the age of 28~71 years old (average: 54) and the patients (man: 25, female: 25) drinking orange juice (400 cc) are the age of 32~74 years old (average: 56). The patients were fasted in 6-8 hours before the test, the patients were not diabetic. $^{18}F$-FDG 370~555 MBq were injected intravenously. The patients were in stable position for 1 hour, than the image was obtained. The patients drank water and other patients drank orange juice before Whole body scan. The image scan started from mid-femur to skull base. The emission scan acquired for three minutes per bed and the images were reconstructed. Stomach extension analysis is measured from vertical and horizontal length. Results: Stomach Extension was described as the vertical length of the Non Drink Group was $1.20{\pm}0.50\;cm$, horizontal length was $1.4{\pm}0.53\;cm$, the vertical length of the Water Drink Group was $1.67{\pm}0.63\;cm$, horizontal length was $1.65{\pm}0.77\;cm$, the vertical length of Orange juice Drink Group was $3.48{\pm}0.77\;cm$, horizontal length was $3.66{\pm}0.77\;cm$ in coronal image. Stomach Extension was described the vertical length of the Non Drink Group was $2.03{\pm}0.62\;cm$, horizontal length was $1.69{\pm}0.68\;cm$, the vertical length of Water Drink Group was $5.34{\pm}1.62\;cm$, horizontal length was $2.45{\pm}0.72\;cm$, the vertical length of Orange juice Drink Group was $7.74{\pm}1.62\;cm$, horizontal length was $3.57{\pm}0.77\;cm$ in transverse image. The Stomach Extension has specific differences (p<0.001). The SUVs shows the Non Drink Group were measured as Liver $2.52{\pm}0.42$, Lung $0.51{\pm}0.14$, the Water Drink Group were measured as Liver $2.47{\pm}0.38$, Lung $0.50{\pm}0.14$, Orange juice Drink Group were measured as Liver $2.47{\pm}0.38$, Lung $0.50{\pm}0.14$. The SUVs did not have specific differences (p>0.759). Conclusions: There was not a large difference of SUV in three groups. When the patients drank Orange juice and water, the range extension of stomach was higher than without drinking nothing and it was possible to acquire fully extended images. Therefore, it will be possible that unnecessary additional stomach scans will be reduced by drinking orange juice before the examination so that the patients' claim from uncomfortable and long period of fast will be minimized. 현재는 PET/CT의 개발로 기능적인 영상에 해부학적인 정보를 추가함으로써 좀더 병변의 명확한 구별이 가능하게 되었으며, CT영상으로 감쇠보정하여 환자 검사시간을 단축시킬 수 있는 이점이 있다. 하지만 오랜 금식으로 위장이 수축되어 있고, 병변이 없는 경우에도 높은 생리적 섭취에 의해 종양으로 오인되는 경우가 있어 종종 추가 검사를 시행하고 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위하여 검사 직전에 물을 섭취하여 위장을 확장시켜 영상을 얻는 방법이 시도되었지만, 위장에서 짧은 시간에 배출되기 때문에 충분히 확장된 위장 영상을 획득하지 못하여 경우에 따라, 다시 물을 먹고 추가 검사를 하는 경우가 발생되었다. 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 칼로리, 단백질 함유, 탄수화물 정도에 따라 위장의 배출시간이 다르다는 생리적 특성에 착안하여 시중에서 비교적 구하기 쉬운 오렌지 주스를 이용하여 검사 중 위장 확장 정도와 영상의 유용성을 비교.평가하였다. 2008년 2월부터 10월까지 PET/CT를 시행한 150명의 환자로 섭취를 하지 않았을 때와 물과 오렌지 주스를 먹은 환자 각각 50명을 대상으로 하였다. 섭취를 하지 않고 검사를 시행한 환자는 남자 25명, 여자 25명으로 연령은 30~71세(평균 연령: 54세)이며, 물(400 cc)을 먹고 검사를 시행한 환자는 남자 25명, 여자 25명으로 연령은 28~71세(평균 연령: 54세)이고, 오렌지 주스(400 cc)를 먹고 검사를 시행한 환자는 남자 25명, 여자 25명으로 연령은 32~74세(평균 연령: 56세)이었다. 환자는 검사 전 6~8시간 금식을 하였고, 당뇨병이 없는 환자를 대상으로 하였다. $^{18}F$-FDG 370~555MBq를 정맥 주사 후 환자를 1시간 동안 안정된 자세로 유지하였으며, 그 후 영상을 획득하였다. 전신 검사 시작 전 각각 물, 오렌지주스를 섭취하고, 두개골 기저에서 대퇴부 중반까지 영상을 얻었으며, bed당 3분으로 방출영상을 획득하여, 영상을 재구성 하였다. 획득된 영상의 종축, 횡축의 길이를 측정하여 확장 정도를 확인 분석하였다. 위장의 확장된 정도는 관상면(Coronal)에서 섭취를 하지 않았을 때 종축이 $1.20{\pm}0.50\;cm$, 횡축이 $1.4{\pm}0.53\;cm$이고 물을 섭취하였을 때 종축이 $1.67{\pm}0.63\;cm$, 횡축이 $1.65{\pm}0.77\;cm$이었으며 오렌지 주스를 섭취하였을 때 종축이 $3.48{\pm}0.77\;cm$, 횡축이 $3.66{\pm}0.77\;cm$로 나타났다. 횡단면 (Transverse)에서 섭취를 하지 않았을 때 종축이 $2.03{\pm}0.62\;cm$, 횡축이 $1.69{\pm}0.68\;cm$이고 물을 섭취하였을 때 종축이 $5.34{\pm}1.62\;cm$, 횡축이 $2.45{\pm}0.72\;cm$이었으며, 오렌지 주스를 섭취 하였을 때 종축이 $7.74{\pm}1.62\;cm$, 횡축이 $3.57{\pm}0.77\;cm$로 나타났다. 물과 오렌지 주스의 관상면과 횡단면에서 종축과 횡축의 거리는 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.001). 또한 SUV에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 측정값은 섭취를 하지 않았을 때 Liver는 $2.52{\pm}0.42$, Lung $0.51{\pm}0.14$, 물을 섭취하였을 때 Liver에서 $2.47{\pm}0.38$, Lung은 $0.50{\pm}0.14$, 오렌지 주스를 섭취 하였을 때 Liver에서 $2.50{\pm}0.45$, Lung은 $0.51{\pm}0.13$으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.759). 오렌지 주스를 섭취했을 때와 물을 섭취했을 때의 SUV의 차이가 크게 없었으며, 검사 중 위장의 확장 정도는 섭취를 하지 않았을 때와 물보다 오렌지 주스에서 충분히 확장된 영상을 획득하였

유동 초고압 공정을 이용한 오렌지 주스의 보존성 향상

원진성 ( Jin Seong Won ),민세철 ( Sea Cheol Min ) 한국산업식품공학회 2015 산업 식품공학 Vol.19 No.4

단일 DHP 처리와 열처리와 병합된 DHP 처리는 오렌지 주스의 토착 미생물을각각 4와 7 log CFU/mL 이상 저해시켰다. 단일 DHP 처리와 열병합 DHP 처리는 오렌지 주스의 비타민 C 농도에 영향을 주지 않았고 주스의 밝기와 당도를 상승시켰다. 단일 DHP 처리 주스와 열병합 DHP 처리 주스는 4oC 저장 중 무처리 주스에 비해 높은 미생물 안정성을 보이면서도 무처리 주스와 열처리 주스보다 높은 밝기와 당도를 가졌다. 이때 열병합 DHP 처리는 기존 열처리와 유사한 미생물 안정성을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 DHP (단일 또는 열병합) 처리는 오렌지 주스의 미생물 저장 안정성을 향상시키면서도 주스의 밝기와 당도를 높이는 살균 공정으로 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. Effects of dynamic high-pressure (DHP) treatments with and without integration with heating on microbial stability, vitamin C concentration, color, sugar content, and pH of orange juice were studied and compared with those of the conventional thermal treatment. Freshly squeezed orange juice was heated at 90oC for 1 min or DHP-treated at 205 MPa and 20, 50, 60, or 70oC. The DHP treatment at 20oC without heating and the treatment at 50oC inactivated indigenous mesophilic aerobic microorganisms in orange juice by 4.2 and >7 log CFU/mL, respectively. The DHPtreated juice exhibited brighter color and higher vitamin C concentration and sugar content than the thermally treated juice, regardless of integration with heating. The DHP-treated juice demonstrated brighter color and higher sugar contents than untreated juice and thermally treated juice during storage at 4oC for 63 days. The results have demonstrated the potential of applying DHP treatments to pasteurize orange juice with increasing brightness and sugar content of the juice.

Effect of continuous ohmic heating to inactivate <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7, <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in orange juice and tomato juice

Lee, S.‐,Y.,Sagong, H.‐,G.,Ryu, S.,Kang, D.‐,H. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Journal of applied microbiology Vol.112 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Aims: </B> The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of continuous ohmic heating for reducing <I>Escherichia coli</I> O157:H7, <I>Salmonella</I> Typhimurium and <I>Listeria monocytogenes</I> in orange juice and tomato juice.</P><P><B>Methods and Results: </B> Orange juice and tomato juice were treated with electric field strengths in the range of 25–40 V cm<SUP>−1</SUP> for different treatment times. The temperature of the samples increased with increasing treatment time and electric field strength. The rate of temperature change for tomato juice was higher than for orange juice at all voltage gradients applied. Higher electric field strength or longer treatment time resulted in a greater reduction of pathogens. <I>Escherichia coli</I> O157:H7 was reduced by more than 5 log after 60‐, 90‐ and 180‐s treatments in orange juice with 40, 35 and 30 V cm<SUP>−1</SUP> electric field strength, respectively. In tomato juice, treatment with 25 V cm<SUP>−1</SUP> for 30 s was sufficient to achieve a 5‐log reduction in <I>E.?coli</I> O157:H7. Similar results were observed in <I>Salm.</I>?Typhimurium and <I>L.?monocytogenes</I>. The concentration of vitamin C in continuous ohmic heated juice was significantly higher than in conventionally heated juice (<I>P </I><<I> </I>0·05).</P><P><B>Conclusions: </B> Continuous ohmic heating can be effective in killing foodborne pathogens on orange juice and tomato juice with lower degradation of quality than conventional heating.</P><P><B>Significance and Impact of the Study: </B> These results suggest that continuous ohmic heating might be effectively used to pasteurize fruit and vegetable juices in a short operating time and that the effect of inactivation depends on applied electric field strengths, treatment time and electric conductivity.</P>

Synthesis of Oligosaccharide-containing Orange Juice Using Glucansucrase

탄한,서예슬,조재영,이선,Ghahyun J. Kim,윤종원,안승현,황경환,박준승,장태수,김도만 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.3

Orange juice is a well-accepted fruit juice, and is a natural source of various vitamins, especially vitamin C, as well as sugar, potassium, thiamine, folate, flavonoids and antioxidants. The respective fructose, glucose, and sucrose concentrations were 9.3, 22.9, and 48.1 g/L in the original orange juice used in this study, and 183.4, 170.1, and 142.8 g/L after concentration. Over 97% of the sucrose in the juice was enzymatically converted to glucooligosaccharides upon addition of 3 U/mL dextransucrase, prepared from Leuconostoc mesenteroides 512FMCM, at 16oC. The synthesized oligosaccharides comprised 35.0% of the total saccharides in the concentrated juice and 31.7% in the original juice. The optimum conditions for oligosaccharide synthesis using the concentrated juice were 35.2 × 10−1 U/mL dextransucrase and 1% Ca(OH)2. The calories in the original and modified concentrated orange juices were 325.4 and 246.7 kcal/L, respectively. Compared to the original concentrated juice, the enzyme-modified concentrated juice prevented the formation of 62.7% of the insoluble glucan resulting from addition of mutansucrase, produced by Streptococcus mutans.

캔 및 병 오렌지쥬스의 저장온도에 따른 Q_10값 및 품질수명의 산정

이남경,윤재영,이서래 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1995 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

현재 국내에서 유통되고 있는 캔 및 병 오렌지쥬스를 20,30,40,50℃에서 24주 동안 저장하면서 4주 간격으로 개봉하여 중금속(Sn,Fe,Pb) 함량, 비타민 C 함량, 갈색도와 pH의 변화에 대한 측정치로부터 온도별 활성화 에너지와 Q_10값을 계산한 다음 shel-life를 예측하였다. 캔쥬스의 품질지표로 삼을 수 잇는 것은 Sn,Fe,Pb함량, 비타민 C 함량이었고, 병쥬스에서는 비타민 C 함량, 갈색도이었으며 이들 품질지표에 대한 Q_10값은 1.3~2.0이었다. 쥬스를 50℃에 저장시 품질 허용한계에 도달하는데 요하는 기간과 Q_10 대표값으로 부터 shel-life를 계산하면 캔쥬스의 경우 10,20,30℃에서 각각 10,6,3개월 이었고, 병쥬스의 경우 각각 24,12,6개월이었다. 국내에서의 쥬스 유통온도를 평균 15℃로 가정할 때 적정 품질수명은 캔쥬스 8개월, 병쥬스 18개월로 평가되엇다. 캔 오렌지쥬스의 안전성을 확보하기 위해서는 식품공전Pb 허용기준(0.3㎎/㎏)의 재검토와 아울러 캔 재질의 개선을 위한 연구노력이 요구된다. Canned and bottled orange juices currently sold in Korean market were stored for 24 wweeks at 20, 30, 50 and 50℃ and analyzed after opening at 4 week intervals. Activation energy, Q_10 values and shelf-life at respective temperatures were calculated from the data on various quality indexes. Proposed indexes were lead, tin, iron and vitamin C contents in canned juices and vitamin C content and browning index in bottled juices and Q_10 values for these parameters were in the range of 1.3~2.0. Shelf-life calculated for canned juices at 10, 20 and 30℃ were 10, 6 and 3 months and that in bottled juices, 24, 12 and 6 months, respectively. When the distriburion temperature of juices in Korea is assumed to be 15℃ average, the optimum shelf-life was estimated to be 8 months in canned juices and 18 months in bottled juices. In order to ascertain the safety of canned orange juices, efforts are needed to re-examine the recommended distribution period, legal limit for lead and improvement of container materials.

오렌지즙을 첨가한 과편의 제조 및 품질 평가

강근옥,유수인,정남용 동아시아식생활학회 2023 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.33 No.5

. This study carried out a quality evaluation to determine the optimal ratio (0%, 10%, 30%, 50%) for mixing orange juice with Gwapyeon. The L, a, and b values of the Hunter’s color scale increased significantly in proportion to the amount of orange juice added. The total polyphenol content (2.50∼3.78 mg GAE/mL), the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity (17.66∼66.16%) and the 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (24.34∼78.85%) of Gwapyeon increased significantly with the increase in the amount of orange juice. Hardness, chewiness, springiness, and cohesiveness in the Gwapyeon decreased significantly in proportion to the amount of orange juice added. Gwapyeon containing 50% orange juice showed a high score with regard to appearance, color, transparency and overall acceptability. Therefore, the optimum amount of orange juice to be added to enhance the quality of Gwapyeon was found to be 50%. This study indicates that Gwapyeon prepared with the addition of orange juice has functional components and antioxidant activity.

UPLC-FLD를 이용한 국내 시판 오렌지 및 오렌지 주스 중 시네프린 및 n-메틸티라민 동시분석

김효진(Hyo Jin Kim),곽병만(Byung-Man Kwak),안장혁(Jang-Hyuk Ahn),박종수(Jong-Su Park) 한국식품과학회 2014 한국식품과학회지 Vol.46 No.3

본 연구에서는 UPLC를 이용하여 시네프린과 n-메틸티라민을 단시간에 동시 분석할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 개발한 후 시험법에 대한 평가를 수행하였으며, 확립된 방법으로 21종의 오렌지 및 감귤 주스와 5종의 오렌지 및 감귤에서 시네프린과 n-메틸티라민을 정량 분석을 실시하였다. UPLC를 이용하여 분석한 결과 HPLC에 비해 분석시간을 3배 이상 단축하여 15분 이내에 분석하였고, 각 성분의 감도가 월등히 높아져 UPLC로 분석 시 시간적, 경제적인 면에서 효율적으로 두 성분의 동시 분석이 가능하였다. UPLC 분석 시 검출한계는 시네프린과 n-메틸티라민이 각각 0.02 mg/L과 0.01 mg/L, 정량한계는 시네프린과 n-메틸티라민이 각각 0.06 mg/L과 0.04 mg/L로 설정되었다. 시네프린과 n-메틸티라민의 회수율은 각각 96.4%와 100.9%로 분석되었다. 확립된 분석법으로 시중에서 판매하는 오렌지 및 감귤의 과육과 과피에서 시네프린과 n-메틸티라민을 분석한 결과 모두 과육보다 과피에서 7-12배 이상 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 시판 오렌지 및 감귤 주스를 분석한 결과 시네프린 함량이 14.61-120.39 mg/kg으로 분석되었으며, n-메틸티라민은 불검출에서 3.34 mg/kg 으로 분석되었다. 감귤 주스 중 과육보다 약간 높은 수준의 샘플이 있었으나 이는 천연 유래 범위 이내로 판단하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 확립된 UPLC 분석법은 시네프린과 n-메틸티라민을 신속하고 효과적으로 동시 분석하는데 이용될 수 있을 것이며, 본 실험에 사용된 시중에 판매하고 있는 오렌지 및 감귤 주스는 자연에서 유래되는 허용 범위 내 함량을 나타내어 안전성에 문제가 없음을 알 수 있었다. An accurate and sensitive analytical method was established for the simultaneous determination of synephrine and n-methyltyramine contents by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FLD). A 70:30 (v/v) mixture of 10 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase. The coefficient of correlation (r²) was 0.9999 for both synephrine and n-methyltyramine, and their limits of detection (LOD) were 0.02 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The percentage recoveries for synephrine and n-methyltyramine were 96.4% and 100.9%, respectively, from bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) samples. The synephrine and n-methyltyramine contents were 38.07-118.21 mg/kg and 0.27-0.56 mg/kg, respectively, in the orange fruit samples, while they were 14.61-120.39 mg/kg and up to 3.34 mg/kg, respectively, in the tested commercial orange juice samples. The differences in synephrine and nmethyltyramine content between orange fruit and commercial orange juice were not significant (p<0.05). These results suggest that UPLC-FLD can be applied to develop an analytical method of quality control for commercial orange juice.

Impact of Features and Display Ads on the Demand for Orange Juice: An Extension of the Rotterdam Demand Model

Hyeyoung Kim,Ronald W. Ward,Jonq-Ying Lee 한국농업경제학회 2011 農業經濟硏究 Vol.52 No.3

This study investigates the effect of advertising on the demand of various types of orange juice (OJ): frozen concentrated OJ (FCOJ), refrigerated not from concentrate (NFC), and refrigerated from concentrate (RECON) across the four U.S. regions: Northeast, North Central, South, and West. The Rotterdam model with an advertising specification is used to estimate the different consumption patterns of OJs. Results show that both feature and display ads have a positive impact on OJ demand but with differing results depending on OJ type and region. Display ads have a large impact on increasing OJ demand in the Northeast, South, and West regions, while feature ads have a strong impact on increasing NFC and RECON demand in the North Central region.

청징방법에 따른 오렌지주스의 품질특성

손경석(Kyoung Suck Sohn),석은주(Eun Ju Seog),이준호(Jun Ho Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2006 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.35 No.3

원심분리, 한외여과 및 혼합처리를 이용하여 청징 오렌지 주스를 제조한 후 반응표면분석법(response surface methodology, RSM)으로 청징조건에 따른 탁도, 색도 및 일반성분을 비교하였다. 원심분리시 회전속도가 높고 온도가 낮을수록 청징효과가 개선되어 회전속도의 증가뿐만 아니라 저온의 효과가 뚜렷했다. 원심분리 최적조건은 10,000 rpm, 5℃이었다. 특히 한외여과 및 혼합처리 공정이 공정조건에 관계없이 청징효과가 매우 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 한외여과의 최적조건은 150 ㎪, 45℃이었다. 혼합처리의 경우 청징효과가 뚜렷하게 개선되지는 않았는데 이는 한외여과 공정을 거치면서 이미 일정 수준의 청징이 이루어졌음을 의미한다. 한외여과 공정의 효율성은 색도의 변화에서도 간접적으로 측정할 수 있었는데 한외여과 처리된 시료의 L<SUP>*</SUP>값과 ΔE 값이 가장 높았으며, 또한 비타민 C와 가용성 고형분의 회수율을 비교하여 볼 때 한외여과방법이 고품질의 청징 오렌지주스를 제조하는데 가장 우수한 것으로 판단된다. 더불어 한외여과의 경우 배제액 중의 고형성분은 식이섬유강화 주스제조 시에 첨가될 수 있다. Clarified orange juice was prepared using different clarification methods including centrifugation, enzyme treatment, ultrafiltration (UF), and combined treatment (CT). Effect of clarification methods as well as other quality parameters were investigated. Clarification was improved with increase in centrifugation speed and by lowering operating temperature. The optimum condition for centrifugation process was 5℃ and 10,000 rpm. UF and CT processes were very effective to produce clarified orange juice. The optimum condition of UF process was 45℃ and 150 ㎪ considering flux and turbidity. CT did not significantly improve the clarification efficiency since most of the clarification was already achieved during UF process. L<SUP>*</SUP>-values increased while a<SUP>*</SUP>-values decreased significantly after clarification regardless of methods (p<0.05). Considering color, and recovering rate of vitamin C and soluble solids, UF process was superior than the other methods in producing clarified orange juice.

Impact of Features and Display Ads on the Demand for Orange Juice: An Extension of the Rotterdam Demand Model

( Hyeyoung Kim ),( Ronald W. Ward ),( Jonq Ying Lee ) 한국농업경제학회 2011 KOREAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS(KJAT) Vol.52 No.3

This study investigates the effect of advertising on the demand of various types of orange juice (OJ): frozen concentrated OJ (FCOJ), refrigerated not from concentrate (NFC), and refrigerated from concentrate (RECON) across the four U.S. regions: Northeast, North Central, South, and West. The Rotterdam model with an advertising specification is used to estimate the different consumption patterns of OJs. Results show that both feature and display ads have a positive impact on OJ demand but with differing results depending on OJ type and region. Display ads have a large impact on increasing OJ demand in the Northeast, South, and West regions, while feature ads have a strong impact on increasing NFC and RECON demand in the North Central region.