어보소고(御寶小考)

황경환,Hwang, Gyeong-Hwan 국립문화재연구원 1965 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.1 No.-

지연성 외상성 횡격막 탈장

황경환,황이두,오덕진,김재학,나명훈,유재현,임승평,이영,Hwang, Kyung-Hwan,Hwang, Eui-Do,Oh, Duk-Jin,Kim, Jae-Hak,Na, Myung-Hoon,You, Jae-Hyun,Lim, Sung-Pyoung,Lee, Young 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1998 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.31 No.2

Between January 1976 and March 1997, six patients with delayed presentation of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia occured among the 52 patients of traumatic diaphragm rupture, of whom four males and two females, five by blunt trauma and one by stab wound, one was right side and the rest were left side. In all patients, reduction of herniated organs was accomplished by thoracotomy or thoracotomy with extension to abdomen. Suspicion of the diaphragmatic ruture from the acute traumatic chest injured patient is important and we can use the videothoracoscopy for evaluation and treatment of the traumatic diaphragm rupture 저자들은 1976년 1월 부터 1997년 3월 까지 21년간 외상성 횡격막 파열 52례 중 지연성 외상성 횡격막 탈장 6례를 치험 하였는데 이중 남자는 4례, 여자는 2례였으며 우측은 1례였다. 둔상에 의한 경우는 5례였고 자상은 1례였다. 수술은 모두 개흉술을 시행 하였고 복부로 절개를 연장한 경우가 1례 있었다. 외상성 흉부 손상을 입었을 때 횡격막 파열을 의심하는 것이 중요하며 흉강경을 이용하여 진단및 치료를 할 수 있다.

작은 기계 판막을 이용한 대도액 판막 치환술 후 판막 전후 압력차

황경환,박계현,차대원,전태국,박표원,채헌,Hwang, Kyung-Hwan,Park, Kay-Hyun,Cha, Dae-Won,Jun, Tae-Gook,Park, Pyo-Won,Chae, Hurn 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 2000 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.33 No.2

background: The prognosis after an aortic valve replacment can be affected significantly by the transprosthetic pressure gradient which is determined mainly by the size of the patients body and the prosthesis used. We analyzed the hemodynamic feature of two relatively new prosthese the ATS and the evensized Medtronic-Hall(M-H) valves by measuring the transprosthetic pressure gradient in the cases where small sizes (23mm or smaller) were used. Material and method: There were 94 patients who received whom aortic valve replacement with prosthesis smaller than 23 mm from October 1994 to June 1998. In these patients the transprosthetic pressure gradient clalculated from the pressure half time during postoperative Dopper echocardiographic examination was compared between the prostheses of different sizes. The body surface area of each patient was also taken into consideration. result: The mean pressure gradient and body surface area in each group were 21.7$\pm$10.2 mmHg and 1.52$\pm$0.14m2 in ATS 19mm 11.4$\pm$6.5 mmHg and 1,57$\pm$0.20m2 in M-H 20mm 15.2$\pm$6.3 mmHg and 1.54$\pm$0.13m2 in ATS 21mm 9.3$\pm$2.5 mmHg and 1.63 $\pm$0.14m2 in M-H 22 mm and 12.9$\pm$5.3 mmHg and 1.69$\pm$0.13m2 in ATS 23mm. Conclusion: The 19mm ATS prosthesis showed significant trasprosthetic pressure gradient which is similar to the values previously reported with other bileaflet prosthesesm Close follow-up was needed in terms of exercise capacity and change in left ventiricular geometry. In patients with small aortic valve annulus the 20mm M-H valve is recomendable as an alternative to 19mm bileaflet valves because it has less pressure gradient with similar outer diameter.

현실적인 ALDT를 고려한 운용가용도 설정 방안 연구

황경환,허장욱,최광묵 한국신뢰성학회 2016 한국신뢰성학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

무기체계 개발시 이루어지는 RAM 목표값 설정은 무기체계 설계를 위한 중요한 요소이며, 체계개발 단계에서 RAM 관리를 효율적으로 추진하기 위해서는 사용자의 요구사항을 파악하고, RAM목표값을 합리적으로 설정하는 것이 중요하다. 소요제기 단계에서 산출되는 운용가용도(Ao)는 선행연구 단계에서 신뢰도와 정비도 산출의 기준이 되며, 이러한 운용가용도 산출 모델의 핵심요소인 행정 및 군수 지연시간(ALDT)은 운용가용도와 전체 RAM 목표값 설정에 영향을 미친다. 지역별 신뢰성 있는 정비자료를 포함한 환경 분석을 통하여 현실적인 ALDT 값을 도출함으로써 정확한 RAM 목표값을 산출하는 방안을 제시하였다.

판례를 통해 본 미국 공정근로기준법상의 근로자의 의미

황경환 원광대학교 법학연구소 2009 圓光法學 Vol.25 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to study and research legal definition of employee in US fair labour standard act(hereinafter referred to as FLSA). The purpose of FLSA is to protect employee in the labour relations with employer. FLSA provides many legal rights for employee such as minimum wage, overpaid wage, children labour record keeping and equal payment. FLSA simply stipulates that employee means any individual employed by an employer. It is not easy and sufficient to distinguish who is employee or independent contractor with the brief provision of employee definition in FLAS. The decision of who is employee is precondition for employee to enjoy the legal rights given in FLSA. The concept of employee in FLSA has been established by the Court decisions under the common law doctrine and economic reality test principle which deserve academic legal analysis. This paper mainly dealt with economic reality test principle with many Court cases in order to grasp the substantial meaning of FLSA employee compared with common law employee. Summarily speaking, economic reality test requires many factors to be considered in making a decision as to who is employee or independent contractor. These factors being made between employer and employee are important criteria to determine FLSA employee. In discerning economic realities of given working relationship for purposes of determining whether worker is employee, rather than independent contractor under Fair Labor Standards Act, factors include: nature and degree of alleged employer's control as to manner in which work is to be performed; alleged employee's opportunity for profit or loss depending upon his managerial skill; alleged employee's investment in equipment or materials required for his task, or his employment of workers; whether service rendered requires special skill; degree of permanency and duration of working relationship; and extent to which service rendered is integral part of alleged employer's business; question is whether factors demonstrate that workers are independent contractors in critically significant sense that they are in business for themselves. The above six-factor test developed by Department of Labor's Wage and Hour Division is not necessary to be met FLSA employee. IT is totality of circumstances test. The final conclusion from the reading court cases held based on economic reality test for determination FLSA employee is that Courts have tried to enhance the scope of FLSA employee compared with employee in National Labour Relations Act which regulates labour relations between union and employer. Also US courts continuously have kept balance with speedy, flexible and complicated labour environments in between employer and employee relations. According to the open global labour market, we who especially are closely related to US economy need to keep tracking the legal information of labour market.

우측 쇄골하동맥 기시 이상에 의한 동맥-식도루

황경환,황의두 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1997 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.30 No.11

혈관륜이 있는 경우 드물게 동맥 식도루가 발생하여 대출혈이 발생할 수 있다. 42세 남자환자가 교통사고 후 7주간 비위관을 삽입하고 있던 중 상부 위장관 출혈이 발생하여 응급수술을 하였다. 수술 소견상 우측 쇄골하동맥 기시이상이 있었으며 오랜 비위관 상관으로 발생된 것으로 생각되는 동맥-식도루가 있어 이를 수술교정 하였다. 술후 환자상태는 안정 되었으나 술후 5일째 흉관 자극과 염증에 기인 하는 대동맥 봉합부위의 출혈이 발생하여 재수술을 하였고 의식불명 상태로 술후 8일째 사망하였다. A case of fatal hematemesis due to an aberrant right subclavian arterioesophageal fistula which is a rare complication of the vascular ring is presented. A 42-year-old man with multiple injury by traffic accident presented severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding and was taken emergent operation. He was keeping tracheostomy tube and nasogastric tube for 7 weeks. We could find an aberrant right subclavian arterioesophageal fistula through left thoracotomy which was made by irritation of the prolonged nasogastric ube. We carried division of the aberrant right subclavian artery and fistulectomy. He was doing well postoperatively. But massive bleeding occurred at the fifth postoperative day. We performed emergent reoperation at CCU and found the tear point on the suture site of the aorta, which might be developed due to irritation of the chest tube andfor infection of the surrounding tissues. He was expired at the 8th postoperative day due to ischemic brain damage.

지역별 ALDT 분석을 통한 연구

황경환,허장욱,최광묵 한국신뢰성학회 2017 한국신뢰성학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.5

무기체계 개발시 이루어지는 RAM(Reliability, Availability, Maintainability) 목표값 설정은 무기체계 설계를 위한 중요한 요소이며, 체계개발 단계에서 RAM 관리를 효율적으로 추진하기 위해서는 사용자의 요구사항을 파악하고, RAM 목표값을 합리적으로 설정하는 것이 중요하다. 소요제기 단계에서 산출되는 운용가용도는 선행연구 단계에서 신뢰도와 정비도 산출의 기준이 되며, 이러한 운용가용도 산출 모델의 핵심요소인 행정 및 군수 지연시간(ALDT)은 무기체계의 운용가용도에 영향을 미친다. 유사무기체계의 야전운용자료를 분석하여 축선별 신뢰성 있는 정비자료를 포함한 환경 분석을 통하여 현실적인 ALDT 값을 도출함으로써 축선별 무기체계의 운용가용도를 분석하였다.

宮中用語

黃慶煥 국어국문학회 1963 국어국문학 Vol.- No.26

무기체계 운용형태를 고려한 운용가용도 설정 방안 연구

황경환,허장욱 한국신뢰성학회 2016 한국신뢰성학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.05

운용가용도는 RAM 지표의 한 요소로서 소요군의 전투준비태세 유지에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 매우 중요한 항목이며, 무기체계를 개발할 때 가장 중요하게 고려해야 할 핵심성능지표이다. 이러한 운용가용도는 일반적으로 OMS/MP를 이용하여 산출하게 되며, 무기체계 설계시 신뢰도와 정비도에 영향을 주게 되므로 무엇보다 정확성이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 무기체계가 야전에서 운용되는 형태(지속적 운용, 간헐적 운용 및 일회성 운용)를 고려하여 운용가용도를 산출하는 방법을 제시함으로써 기존의 단순 OMS/MP만을 고려하였을 경우의 운용가용도와 비교하였다.

운용가용도 충족을 위한 군단별 ALDT 분석 연구

황경환,김영석,허장욱 한국국방경영분석학회 2018 한국국방경영분석학회지 Vol.44 No.1

In order to improve the combat readiness of the system, it is necessary to improve the use of the operating system, and ALDT is the parameter that has the greatest influence on the use of the operating system. ALDT is representative of the factors affecting the use of the facility, and ALDT includes most of the time during the logistics support work process in operating the weapon system. ALDT was calculated by applying the decision tree technique to field operation data of tracked vehicle obtained from DELIIS. Through this study, we have devised the technique to achieve Ao by corps and statistical tests were performed. ALDT is 64.1 115.0H, and Ao is 67 83%. When the percentage of claimed and retained items is improved, ALDT and operational availability were improved to 25.1 45.3H and 83 89%.