Testing Method for On-Site Measurement of Explosive Materials Contaminated on Travel Luggage Bag and Backpack Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry

최성신,손채은 대한화학회 2018 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.39 No.1

Testing method for the on-site detection of explosive materials contaminated on the travel luggage bag (TLB) and backpack (BP) surfaces was established using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and smear matrix. Trinitrotoluene and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane were used as model explosive materials. Two sampling methods of rolling (with a metal roller) and handrubbing were used, and stainless steel mesh was used as the smear matrix for collection of explosive material. Testing parts of the TLB and BP were selected in consideration of contaminant accumulation, physical contact, and sample collection. Explosive materials deposited on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sheet were transferred to the testing part, the explosive materials existing on the testing part were collected using the smear matrix, and then the collected explosive materials were analyzed using IMS. High signal-to-noise ratio over 10 was applied for the determination of the minimum initial explosive concentration (Cmin_PTFE) to detect in IMS. The hand-rubbing method was much more efficient than the rolling method. The Cmin_PTFE values were different according to the testing parts. The Cmin_PTFE values of the TLB were higher than those of the BP. The experimental results were explained by difference in surface morphology of the testing areas. The testing method can be helpful to select the sampling parts and to collect the explosive materials for on-site security checks.

Experimental Study on Temperature Dependence of Nitrate Sensing using an ISE-based On-site Water Monitoring System

( Dae-hyun Jung ),( Dong-wook Kim ),( Woo Jae Cho ),( Hak-jin Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2017 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.1

Recently, environmental problems have become an area of growing interests. In-situ monitoring of water quality is fundamental to most environmental applications. The accurate measurement of nitrate concentrations is fundamental to understanding biogeochemistry in aquatic ecosystems. Several studies have reported that one of the most feasible methods to measure nitrate concentration is the use of Ion Selective-electrodes (ISEs). The ISE application to water monitoring has several advantages, such as direct measurement methodology, high sensitivity, wide measurement range, low cost, and portability. However, the ISE methods may yield inconsistent results where there was a difference in temperature between the calibration and measurement solutions, which is associated with the temperature dependence of ionic activity coefficients in solution. In this study, to investigate the potential of using the combination of a temperature sensor and nitrate ISEs for minimizing the effect of temperature on real-time nitrate sensing in natural water, a prototype of on-site water monitoring system was built, mainly consisting of a sensor chamber, an array of 3 ISEs, an waterproof temperature sensor, an automatic sampling system, and an arduino MCU board. The analog signals of ISEs were obtained using the second-order Sallen-key filter for performing voltage following, differential amplification, and low pass filtering. The performance test of the developed water nitrate sensing system was conducted in a monitoring station of drinking water located in Jeongseon, Kangwon. A temperature compensation method based on two-point normalization was proposed, which incorporated the determination of temperature coefficient values using regression equations relating solution temperature and electrode signal determined in our previous studies.

A study on the spatial quarantine system for pig quarantine and prevention of cross-infection:Focusing on pig foot-and-mouth disease

기정훈,성민기,김태엽,김지혜 중앙대학교 국가정책연구소 2023 국가정책연구 Vol.37 No.4

The regulatory and quarantine measures mandated by South Korean legal protocols pertaining to livestock enclosures are deemed inadequate in mitigating the spread of pig foot-and-mouth disease. This inadequacy arises from the deficiency in comprehensive urban and land use planning, particularly in relation to road control and the spatial organization of farms and villages. Therefore, this study aims to prevent astronomical economic losses and psychological damage of pig foot-and-mouth disease to farmers by investigating the elements of livestock construction and spatial design as a strategic approach for pig foot-and-mouth disease control. Additionally, it seeks to underscore the imperative of implementing a novel on-site prevention system, with a pronounced focus on airborne preventive measures. The elements of livestock construction and complex design for pig foot-and-mouth disease control were examined through literature review. Moreover, interviews with related experts and on-site investigation were carried out to improve the existing prevention system and introduce a new spatial prevention system on-site. If both spatial preventive measures regarding construction and complex design and ventilation-oriented air preventive measures are considered simultaneously, it could effectively prevent large-scale livestock diseases and damage due to the lage-scale infectious disease such as pig foot-and-mouth disease. Consequently, this study highlights that the design of complexes of livestock pens need to be designed in connection with air preventive measures centered on ventilation so that financial, legal, and institutional support in the policy arena need to support this new preventive design system.

상계관세 조사와 현지실사(on-site verification)

이재민(Jae Min Lee) 한국국제경제법학회 2009 국제경제법연구 Vol.7 No.2

WTO 회원국이 타방 회원국에 대하여 실시하는 상계관세 조사 과정에서 현지실사는 피조사 기업 및 정부 입장에서는 해당 조사를 성공적으로 방어할 수 있는 지 여부를 가름할 결정적인 변수이다. 특히 상계관세 조사의 경우 수출국의 기업뿐 아니라 수출국 정부도 조사하게 되는 바, 정부에 대한 현지실사가 상계관세 조사의 최종결과에 적지 않은 영향을 미치게 된다. 현지실사에 상당한 경험과 기술을 축적한 기업과는 달리 정부의 경우 이러한 경험과 기술이 일천하기 때문이다. 최근 전개된 다양한 상계관세 조사를 토대로 살펴볼 경우 정부에 대한 현지실사는 다양한 실무적 문제를 제기한다. 이러한 실무적 문제에 대하여 어떻게 대비하느냐에 따라 상계관세 최종판정의 내용은 상당히 달라지게 된다는 점을 최근의 상계관세 조사 사례는 잘 보여주고 있다. 나아가 설사 최종판정에서 어떠한 결과가 도출되더라도 추후 그러한 최종판정에 대한 사법심사 내지 WTO 분쟁해결절차 회부를 위해서는 현지실사에 대한 철저한 대비와 주도면밀한 진행이 필요하다. 물론 현지실사 준비 및 진행과 관련한 모든 현실적 장벽을 단기간에 극복할 수는 없을 것이나 일부 사항에 대해서는 현재 여건하에서도 얼마든지 개선책을 강구할 수 있다. 가령, 상계관세 현지실사의 의미를 정확히 알고 외국 조사당국이 우리 정부에 대하여 요청할 수 있는 것과 요청할 수 없는 것의 한계를 정확히 파악하고 있는 경우 우리 정부 담당자 입장에서는 훨씬 효과적으로 현지실사에 참여할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 외국 조사당국의 조사에 대하여 기본적으로 협조하며, 문제가 있는 사항에 대해서는 적극적인 설명을 제공하는 것 역시 현재 여건하에서도 현지실사를 가급적 우리에게 유리하게 이끌어갈 수 있는 개선책 중 하나이다. 또한 자료제출이 불가할 경우에도 그 사유를 우리 국내법적 제한 근거를 나열하며 상세히 소명하는 것 역시 해당 상계관세 조사의 성공적 방어와 추후 WTO 제소를 위해서도 지극히 중요하다. 이와 같이 현재의 상황에서도 충분히 개선책을 마련할 수 있는 영역부터 조금씩 실무적인 문제점을 해결하여 나가고 또 구조적인 문제에 대해서도 장기적인 해결방안을 마련하여 나가는 것이 상계관세 조사 과정에서 우리의 이해관계가 정확하게 반영될 수 있도록 보장하는 지름길일 것이다. On-site verification is a crucial juncture for any countervailing duty investigation. The final outcome of any countervailing duty investigation and the possibility of success in subsequent judicial review or WTO challenge are pretty much dependant upon how the on-site verification is prepared and proceeded. At the same time, on-site verification in a countervailing duty investigation is more difficult than the one in an anti-dumping investigation because the former involves verification for the government as well. Unlike the exporting companies, which usually possess the expertise and resources to thoroughly prepare verification with the full support of private attorneys as the companies' future is on the line, government officials do not have such expertise or resources. Recent verifications conducted against the Korean government in recent countervailing duty investigations by other WTO Members have brought this problem to our attention. There are a couple of suggestions that may help the government successfully prepare itself for verification and defend itself during verification. For instance, government officials should more actively participate in verifications and respond to questions and comments from the investigators of the investigating authorities from other WTO Members in a more aggressive manner. Passive reactions and non-response have usually led the Korean government in a more delicate situation afterwards. In addition, when provision of an answer or information is not feasible because of legal restriction or practical constraints, the government officials should clearly explain the relevant situation to the investigators. Also, any conversation and documents provided during verification constitute key elements in the final countervailing duty determination and also following judicial review and WTO challenges. Therefore, the government officials should make sure that the verification report and exhibits are accurately recorded and finalized. These efforts will ensure that the Korean government and Korean companies will not become an inadvertent victim of dubious countervailing duty investigations by other trading partners.

실측자료에 근거한 영도대교 도개교량의 변형률 거동 분석

김기주,이재웅 대한기계학회 2023 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.47 No.10

Because drawbridges repeatedly ascend and descend during operation, they are subjected to vibration and fatigue. Therefore, safety diagnosis and analysis are necessary for drawbridges. Prior to the field measurements, the current state of the facility was studied through a preliminary site visit, and the location for the installation of equipment such as sensors and measuring instruments was determined. On-site measurement was conducted by dividing the strain measurement at the time of drawing and the constant monitoring of the strain change at the inner contact part of the shaft support. A strain gauge was installed for the longitudinal strain measurement of each member. The strain measurement was performed at six locations on the left and right sides of the Yeongdodaegyo Bridge drawbridge truss member. Results showed that the strain of the drawbridge truss member did not change with temperature. Results of strain measurement of the inner contact part of the bearing during unraveling confirmed that the deformation of the inner contact part of the bearing on the left side was greater than that of the right side. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the bridge structure constantly moved to the left side during the unraveling and to the left during descent.

Common-path Optical Interferometry for On-site Measurement of CMP Pad Surface

W. J. Choi(최우준) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.5월

Minimum Detectable Activity of Plastic Scintillator for In-situ Beta Measurement System in Ground Water

최우년,이욱제,배준우,김희령 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.4

The minimum detectable activity (MDA) value was derived according to the flow rate of the sample anddegree of amplification of the device by sending the sample directly from the collection site to thedetection part through a pump. This method can lead to reduction in time and cost compared to theexisting measurement method that uses a pre-treatment process. In this study, experiments wereconducted on 3H and 90Sr, which are the major pure beta-emitting radionuclides, by setting the sampleflow rate and the amplification gain as factors. The MDA values were derived according to the flow rates,considering that the flow rate can affect the MDA values. There were no change in the MDA underdifferent flow rates of 0, 600, 800, and 1000 mL/min. Therefore, it was confirmed that the flow rate maynot be considered when collecting samples for monitoring in actual field. As the degree of amplificationof the amplifier increased, the time required to reach the target MDA decreased. When the amplificationwas quadrupled, the detection efficiency increased by approximately 23.4 times, and the time to reachthe MDA decreased to approximately 1/550 times. This method offers the advantage of real-time on-sitemonitoring.

현장직독식 방법과 공정시험기준에 의한 학교 교실 내 공기질 측정결과 비교

서동천,최경축,긴준표 한국도시환경학회 2022 한국도시환경학회지 Vol.22 No.3

In order to confirm the validity of the on-site direct-reading method (OSDR) for measuring indoor air quality in school, we evaluated PM10, PM2.5, carbon dioxide, and formaldehyde in three classrooms using two OSDR equipments and Korean standard method for indoor air quality test (SM), and compared the results. For the carbon dioxide concentration, similar results to SM could be obtained with OSDR. However, the concentrations of fine particulate matters and formaldehyde determined by an OSDR equipment showed a significant difference from the results of SM. Therefore, it is desirable to use some OSDR only for routinely checking the indoor environment of school, and measurement by SM is required for regular inspection 학교 실내공기질 측정에 적용되고 있는 현장직독식 방법과 공정시험기준을 적용하여 실제 학교 3개 교실에서 PM10, PM2.5, 이산화탄소 , 폼알데하이드를 측정하고 그 결과를 비교하였다 . 이산화탄소의 경우 두 방법에 의한 측정결과가 유사 하였으나 미세먼지와 폼알데하이드에서는 현장직독식 방법의 결과가 공정시험기준에 따른 결과와 차이를 나타내었다 . 따라서 현장직독식 측정은 학교에서 자체 수행하는 주기적인 환경관리에 활용하고 , 높은 신뢰성이 요구되는 법적 기준 충족 여부에 대해서는 공정시험기준에 따른 측정이 바람직하다고 판단된다 .

연근해 자망과 통발 어업의 온실가스 배출량 현장실측 연구

이석형,김현영,양용수,강다영 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2018 수산해양기술연구 Vol.54 No.4

Fossil fuel combustion during fishing activities is a major contributor to climate changes in the fishing industry. The Tier1 methodology calculation and on-site continuous measurements of the greenhouse gas were carried out through the use of fuel by the coastal and offshore gillnet (blue crabs and yellow croaker) and trap (small octopus and red snow crab) fishing boats in Korea. The emission comparison results showed that the field measurements are similar to or slightly higher than the Tier1 estimates for coastal gillnet and trap. In offshore gillnet and trap fisheries, Tier1 estimate of greenhouse gases was about 1,644-13,875 kg CO2/L, which was more than the field measurement value. The CO2 emissions factor based on the fuel usage was 2.49-3.2 kg CO2/L for coastal fisheries and 1.46-2.24 kg CO2/L for offshore fisheries. Furthermore, GHG emissions per unit catch and the ratio of field measurement and Tier1 emission estimate were investigated. Since the total catch of coastal fish was relatively small, the emission per unit catch in coastal fisheries was four to eight times larger. The results of this study could be used to determine the baseline data for responding to changes in fisheries environment and reducing greenhouse gas emission.

주거세대의 계절별 일별 환경적 특성에 따른 거주자의 파사드시스템 요구기능 분석 : 실내 열쾌적 및 환기를 중심으로

최동희 국제차세대융합기술학회 2023 차세대융합기술학회논문지 Vol.7 No.11

이 연구의 목표는 주거세대의 계절별, 일별 동적 환경 변화에 기반한 파사드시스템의 기능 요구사항을 분석하고 주거세대 운영에 따른 파사드시스템 기능의 우선순위를 제안하는 것이다. 이를 위해 국내 3개 지역의 건 물 파사드시스템 기능에 대한 거주자 요구에 관한 설문조사와 현장측정을 수행하였다. 총 605명의 주거자를 대상 으로 조사를 실시하고 각 지역의 표본 주거세대에서 실내 온도, 상대 습도 및 외벽 표면 온도를 일년 동안 측정하 여 실외 환경 변화에 대한 거주자의 행동 특성을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 거주자가 파사드시스템의 주요 필수 기능 으로 단열, 조명 및 환기를 주요하게 인식했으며, 현재 파사드시스템의 단열 및 환기 기능에 대한 만족도는 중부 및 남부 지역에서 50% 미만으로 나타났다. 최종적으로 설문조사 및 측정 결과를 바탕으로, 향후 다기능 외벽 시 스템을 개발 시 계절별, 일별 환경 특성에 대응하기 위한 파사드시스템 기능의 변화를 개념적으로 제시하였다. The objective of the study was to analyze the functional requirements of facade systems based on seasonal and daily dynamic environmental changes in residential homes and propose the priority of facade system functions according to the time of residential operation. we conducted a survey and on-site measurements regarding the occupant demands for functions of building façade system in different domestic regions. The results showed that residents recognized insulation, lighting, and ventilation as the main necessary functions of the façade system, and the satisfaction level with the insulation and ventilation functions of the current facade system was less than 50% in the central and southern regions. Based on the survey and measurement results, the study conceptually presented the changes in the functionality of facade systems to adapt to seasonal and daily environmental characteristics when developing multi-functional facade systems in the future.