"즐거운 과학" -음악미학과 음악분석을 다시 생각함

이미경 ( Mi Kyung Lee ) 한국음악학학회 2009 음악학 Vol.17 No.-

Music serves quite various functions in human societies. Music can make us fall in the mental state of ecstasy, so it has served to communicate with the gods during the ritual in many cultures. Or music binds people in ones, or it functions as a therapy. The mental state of ecstasy through the musical activities or biological responses like tapping foot are not the conscious thinking-products, but pre-conscious process, based on the nervous system, the endocrine system and other biological constellations. This ``happens`` in the reality, at the moment we are trying to listen to music structurally, critically, or with ``disinterested-aesthetic attitude``. The important thing is that these kinds of biological responses or non-aesthetic effects on our body and mind by the music appear together with the aesthetic critics in our consciousness, mix together, so we can not distinguish the pure aesthetic critics and non-aesthetic effects. At the very moment we are talking about the aesthetic critics or social meaning of that music, our aesthetic critics can be dominated by the biological responses in the level of under-consciousness. I am wondering about the causal pathway between the particular musical facts or structure, and the nervous system. Can we describe this pathway? This paper attempts to use the results of neuroscientific and evolutionary-psychological researches to understand music and musical behavior, and examine how deeply this new, emerging field of evolutionary psychology can influence the traditional field of music aesthetics and music analysis. All of human mental and bodily activities are conceived, played and perceived through the brain. Thus it can not be free from the constraints of our neural systems. Music analysis is concerned about ``what one hears`` from the music, so consideration of the nature of musical perception should be of central concern to the music-analysis. But most analytical and theoretical literature have devoted more attention to the theoritical sturucture or analytical methode itself, which makes music analysis far from the music hearing. In this paper, I demand the music analytic activity to expand, beyond the structural ahalysing of musical piece, to analysing of contact point between mind and musical sound. Perhaps, we should analyse the biological, psychological phenomena in music performance, because it appear more in music performance than score-reading. The traditional music analysis must have the ecological perspectives, because the biological responses and non-aesthetic effects of music in the level of under-consciousness as we mentioned are more decisive in the music of non-western societies or recent multi-media arts dominated environment.

국내 음악치료 연구에서 긍정심리 변인을 대상으로 한 연구 동향 고찰

노유진,심교린 (사)한국예술치료학회 2019 한국예술치료학회지 Vol.19 No.1

As the field of positive psychology which started from reflection on psychology focusing on negative aspects in recent 20 years has grown, scientific researches on human happiness, strengths and psychological well-being have been accumulated and applied in various fields such as education, organization and psychotherapy. In this study, we conducted a study of a systematic review on the trends of positive psychology in domestic music therapy research and to present future research direction. To this goal, we have searched for 173 pieces of music therapy or music experience research that focuses on positive psychological research among Korean scholarly publications since 2000 when positive psychology first emerged. Based on the research purpose, 21 papers were finally selected. The results of this study are as follows. First, since 2012, music therapy studies that deal with positive psychological variables in domestic journals have been continuously published, showing that the number of articles published after 2016 is increasing. Second, there was a significant relationship between positive psychological variables and children's attitudes toward children, adolescents, children and adolescents. 9 out of 11 studied ego-resilience, and 5 studies on elderly and terminally ill patients all studied quality of life. Third, musical therapy interventions that deal with positive psychological variables were used the most in listening experience (14 articles, 67%). Finally, quantitative research was published the most in research methodology. Among the 16 experimental studies, four(25%) were the research design of wireless control experiment, and two were qualitative research. This study reveals that positive psychology is reflected in the domestic music therapy research and suggests that music therapy should be applied and extended to general adults based on positive psychology. 최근 20여년 간 부정적 측면에 초점을 둔 심리학에 대한 반성에서 시작한 긍정심리학 분야가 성장하면서, 인간의 행복과 강점, 심리적 안녕에 대한 과학적 연구들이 축적되어 교육, 조직, 심리치료 등의 다양한 분야에서 적용되고 있다. 이러한 학문적 흐름 속에서 국내 음악치료 연구에서 긍정심리학적 흐름을 반영한 연구가 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지 동향을 살피고, 향후 연구 방향을 제시하기 위한 목적으로 체계적 고찰 연구를 실시하였다. 이를 위해 긍정심리학이 태동한 2000년 이후, 국내 학술지 출간 연구 중에서 긍정심리 연구에서 주로 다루는 변인을 다룬 음악치료 또는 음악경험 연구 173편을 검색하였으며, 연구 목적에 따라 체계적으로 고찰하기 위한 기준에 부합하 는 논문 21편을 최종 선정하였다. 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2012년 이후 국내 학술지에서 긍정심리 변인을 다루는 음악치료 연구가 지속적으로 출간되어, 2016년 이후 출간 논문 수가 증가하는 경향을 나타내고 있다. 둘째, 긍정심리 변인을 종속변수로 한 연구 대상자군은 유아, 아동, 청소년, 종말기 환자, 노인 등으로 다양하 였으나, 대상자의 발달시기에 따른 종속변인을 살펴보면, 유아, 아동 및 청소년을 대상으로 한 연구 11편 중 9편이 자아탄력성을, 노인과 종말기 환자를 대상으로 한 연구 5편은 모두 삶의 질을 연구하였다. 셋째, 긍정심리 변인을 다루는 음악치료의 중재들은 감상 경험(14편, 67%)을 가장 많이 사용하였다. 마지막으로 연구 방법론에서 양적 연구가 가장 많이 출간되었으며 실험연구 16편 중에서 무선통제 실험설계 연구가 4편(25%)이었고, 질적 연구는 2편이었다. 본 연구를 통해 국내 음악치료 연구에서도 긍정심리학의 흐름이 반영되고 있다는 점을 살펴보았고, 긍정심리학에 기반하여 일반 성인을 대상으로 음악치료가 적용되고 확장할 필요가 있음을 제언하였다.

스트리트 파이터 2의 캐릭터 배경음악의 분석을 통한음악의 변화 요소에 관한 음악심리학적 연구

김병현 한국게임학회 2017 한국게임학회 논문지 Vol.17 No.6

Street fighter Ⅱ is a game that played an innovative role in the genre of fighting games in the 1990s. There are many elements that this game has played, but I would like to describe the character’s background music. Is terms of sound, it is an excellent game with theme music suitable for twelve characters and voice that comes out when using each character’s technique. Street Fighter Ⅱ shows different patterns of background music depending on the charcater’s fitness. I analyze it in harmonical way and try to study it form the perspective of music psychology. 스트리트 파이터 2는 1990년대 대전 격투 게임(Fighting Game)이라는 장르에서 혁신적인 역할을 하였던 게임이다. 이 게임이 흥행했던 요소는 여러 가지가 있지만, 그 중에서도 필자는 캐릭터의 배경음악(Background Music)에 관하여 서술하고자한다. 사운드적인 측면에서 열두 명의 캐릭터에 어울리는 주제음악(Theme Music)과, 각 캐릭터의 기술을 사용할 때 나오는 보이스(Voice)가 탁월한 게임이다. 스트리트 파이터 2는 캐릭터의 체력에 따라 배경음악이 다른 양상을 보이는데 이를 화성적으로 분석하고, 음악 심리학(Music Psychology)의 관점에서 연구해보고자 한다.

대학생의 음악의 심리효과 선호와 행복감 간의 관계에서의 음악활동, 긍정정서 및 삶의 기대의 다중매개효과

알렉산더 박 한국청소년학회 2021 청소년학연구 Vol.28 No.6

This study aims to identify the relationship between preference of music’s psychological effect and feeling of happiness among college students in late adolescence, and to examine the parallel multiple mediating effect of music activities, positive emotion, and expectation for future life in the relationships. Participants were male and female 290 college students, whose ages ranged from 17 to 24. The results revealed that the higher the level of preference of music’s psychological effect, the higher the level of music activities, positive emotion, expectation for future, and feeling of happiness among college students. Music activities, positive emotion, and expectation for future were positively correlated with feeling of happiness. In a multiple mediating model, music activities, positive emotion, and expectation for future indicated significant mediating effects for feeling of happiness. This study suggests that if college students prefer the music’s psychological effect, they might experience feeling of happiness by doing more music activities, experiencing positive emotion, and having expectation for future life. 본 연구는 후기 청소년기에 있는 대학생들의 음악의 심리효과에 대한 선호와 행복감 간의 관계를 확인하고, 그 관계를 음악활동, 긍정정서 및 삶의 기대가 병렬적으로 다중매개 하는지 검증하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구의 대상은 남녀 대학생 290명이었으며. 연령은 만 17세에서 24세 사이에 분포되어 있었다. 본 연구에서는 대학생이 음악의 심리효과를 선호할수록 음악활동, 긍정정서, 삶의 기대 및 행복감 수준이 높았다. 음악활동, 긍정정서 및 삶의 기대는 행복감과 정적 상관을 보였다. 대학생의 행복감을 준거변인으로 한 다중매개모형에서는 음악활동, 긍정정서 및 삶의 기대 모두 유의한 매개효과가 나타났다. 이 결과는 대학생이 음악의 심리효과를 선호하면 음악활동을 더 하게 하고 긍정정서를 더 경험하며 미래의 삶에 대한 기대가 생겨 행복감을 경험하게 된다는 것을 시사한다.

긍정심리기반 노래중심 음악치료 활동이 외국인 유학생들의 문제행동에 미치는 효과

백승영 인문사회 21 2023 인문사회 21 Vol.14 No.3

The purpose of this study is to find out whether positive psychology-based song-oriented music therapy activities are effective in problematic behavior of foreign students. The research method was to conduct positive psychology-based song-oriented music therapy for foreign students with Topic III certificates at S university in G metropolitan city. The program was conducted twice a week for a total of 8 sessions for 60 minutes, and the test scale sheet was analyzed using the ASR adult behavioral evaluation scale for self-reporting. Data processing was processed using the SPSS program. The study examines the effectiveness of positive psychology-based song-oriented music therapy programs in reducing problem behavior of foreign students. The conclusion and suggestion is that positive psychology-based song-oriented music therapy was effective in problematic behavior (aggression, violation of rules, and attention) of foreign students. Based on this study, it is intended to help improve the quality of life and reduce problematic behavior of foreign students in the future.

긍정심리학에 근거한 음악활동이 시설보호 청소년의 자아존중감과 자립생활준비에 미치는 영향

이민지(Lee, Min Ji),양은아(Yang, Eun-A) 한국음악치료학회 2020 한국음악치료학회지 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 긍정심리학에 근거한 음악활동이 시설보호 청소년의 자아존중감과 자립생활준비에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시되었다. 이를 위해 경기도 소재의 P시설에 거주하는 청소년 24명을 대상으로 실험집단 12명과 통제집단 12명으로 구분하여 무선배치 하였다. 긍정심리학에 근거한 음악활동은 2019년 1월 15일부터 2019년 2월 23일까지 주 2회, 50분씩 총 12회기로 진행되었다. 연구 결과 첫째, 긍정심리학에 근거한 음악활동을 시행한 실험집단은 통제집단에 비해 자아존중감에 있어 유의미한 향상을 보였다. 둘째, 긍정심리학에 근거한 음악활동을 시행한 실험집단은 통제집단에 비해 자립생활준 비에 있어 유의미한 향상을 보였으며, 하위영역인 자립의지, 대인관계기술, 문제해결기술에서도 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 이는 긍정심리학에 근거한 음악활동이 시설보호 청소년의 자아존중감과 자립생활준 비를 향상시킬 수 있는 효과적인 중재방안이 될 수 있음을 시사한다. This study investigates how the music activities based on positive psychology affect the self-esteem and preparation for self subsistence of youths in institutional care. For this purpose, 24 youths in care were randomly divided into two groups-an experimental group of 12 adolescents and a control group of 12 adolescents. The positive psychology-based music activities program took place twice a week from January 15 to February 23, 2019, totaling 12 sessions with 50 minutues, respeictively. The results of this study are as follows. First, the experimental group that participated in the music activities program based on positive psychology showed a significant improvement in terms of self-esteem, compared to the control group. Second, the experimental group also improved significantly in self-reliance preparation, compared to the control group. Furthermore, the experimental group showed a significant difference from the control group with regard to independent-mindedness, interpersonal skills, and problem-solving skills, which are sub-sectors of self-reliance preparation. This suggests that the positive psychology-based music activities can be an effective intervention for improving self-esteem and self-reliance preparation of youths in institutional care.

<웨스트 사이드 스토리> 리듬 기법 연구

황진희 ( Jin Hee Hwang ),박재록 ( Jae Rock Park ) 민족음악학회 2017 음악과 민족 Vol.0 No.53

The purpose of this study is to study rhythm techniques of music for expressing characteristics of behaviors and conditions of characters in musical plays such as a musical and film music. In general, various elements including music, which form a musical play, should interact with each other and help narrative without disturbing the flow of play. < West Side Story >, which was premiered as a musical on Broadway in 1957 and produced as a musical film in 1961, was recognized for its harmonized balance of script, music and direction by winning the Academy Awards for ten categories including Best Picture in the same year. The story of this movie is based on < Romeo and Juliet > and the composer, Leonard Bernstein used a variety of musical techniques to express the lines and dance of this movie effectively. This paper studied a correlation between mental states of characters and musical techniques, focusing on the melodic and harmonic techniques and rhythm techniques used in this movie. The study result showed that diverse rhythms including polyrhythm were organically connected to mental states of characters. Based on this result, various musical techniques for expressing emotions in music and the possibility of expanding them were discovered.

음악명상과 심리치유 공명을 중심으로

김나래 한국선학회 2020 한국선학 Vol.0 No.55

음악명상은 유튜브, 포털사이트 검색 등으로 손 쉽게 명상을 접할 수 있는 방법으로많은 대중들이 이용하는 명상방법이다. 여러 음악명상은 신체 뿐 만 아니라 심리치유효과를 가지고 있으며 그 효과를 기반으로 다양하게 활용되고 있다. 한편 음악명상이 가지는 큰 특성으로 공명을 꼽을 수 있다. 공명은 같은 주파수를 가진 진동체가 함께 진동하는 것으로 음악명상에서 매우 유용하게 활용된다, 첫째, 신체와의 공명은 명상음악 감상을 통해 뇌파를 명상시 뇌파와 유사하게 동조화 시키게하며 차크라와 공명하게 하여 심신의 조화를 가져온다. 둘째, 정서와의 공명인 공감은 음악명상을 하는 동안 억압된 감정의 해소 및 정화를 가능하게 하며 카타르시스를느끼게도 하여 심리치유의 효과를 가져 온다. 셋째, 여러 명이 다 같이 노래를 부르는음악명상은 참가자를 함께 공명하게 한다. 함께 공명하는 경험은 하나가 된 듯 한 연결감을 느끼게 하고 참가자로 하여금 편안함을 느끼게 한다. 이러한 공명현상은 음악명상이 가지는 중요한 특성이다. 이러한 특성을 기반으로 명상음악 감상 위주의 수동적인 음악명상에서 더 확장하여 같이 노래를 부르거나 연주를 하는 등 능동적인 음악명상 프로그램 등 좀 더 다양한 음악명상 프로그램 계발이필요하다. 또한 음악명상을 통해 신체, 정서, 타인과의 공명을 넘어서서 불성과의 공명을 이끌어낸다면 우리의 청정심을 만나게 될 것이다. Music meditation is meditation that is easily accessible to the public. This music meditation has a psychological healing effect as well as the body, and is widely used based on the effect. Resonance is one of the great characteristics of music meditation. Resonance is very useful in music meditation. First, the resonance with the body allows the brain waves to be synchronized with the brain waves during meditation by listening to meditation music, and resonates with the chakra to bring harmony of mind and body. Second, empathy, which is a resonance with the emotion, enables the relief and purification of the suppressed emotions during music meditation, Third, music meditation, where several people sing together, causes the participants to resonate together. The experience of resonating together feelslike a united connection and makes participants feel comfortable. It is necessary to develop more diverse music meditation programs such as active music meditation programs such as singing and playing together by expanding from passive music meditation focused on listening to meditation music. In addition, through music meditation, if we derive the resonance of Buddha nature beyond the resonance with the body, emotion, and others, we will meet our purity.

유,초등 연계를 고려한 Violin 교수,학습 활동 방안 연구 -만 4세-만 7세 유,아동을 중심으로-

김지혜 ( Ji Hye Kim ) 한국달크로즈유리드믹스학회 2008 종합예술과 음악학회지 Vol.2 No.1

최근 피아노와 함께 대중적으로 교육되고 있는 바이올린 교육은 정서적 안정과 집중력을 기르고, 음악 기능 및 소질 개발에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다. 이러한 바이올린을 초기 경험하는 대부분은 만 4세에서 만 7세에 해당하는 아동이며, 이들은 발달 단계 특성상 유사점이 많고 연계적인 특성이 매우 강하기 때문에 발달 단계 특성과 음악적 인지 특성의 연계성을 고려한 바이올린 교수·학습 활동 방안에 대한 연구를 모색하여야 할 필요성이 있다. 이러한 필요성에 따라, 본 논문은 유·초등 연계를 고려한 바이올린 교수·학습 활동 방안에 대한 연구를 하였다. 연구의 이론적 근거는 발달 심리학적 근거를 제공하는 Piaget의 인지 발달론과 교육 방법을 제시해줄 수 있는 Dalcroze, Kodaly, Orff, Suzuki의 음악 교육론을 살펴봄으로써 유아기 14차시, 초등학교 14차시, 총 28차시의 연계적인 교수·학습 활동 방안 계획을 마련하였다. 또한 유아와 초등학교 아동의 바이올린 교수·학습 활동에 대한 연구를 구체적으로 실현할 수 있는 방안을 각 차시 별로 제시하였다. 그러나 아래의 논문은 원저자의 연구 내용을 요약한 것으로서 한눈에 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 ``표`` 를 주로 사용하였으며, 구체적 교수·학습 활동 방안 28차시 계획 중에서 유아기 1차시와 초등학교 1차시만을 제시하였다. 또한, 이론적 배경은 생략하고 저자의 연구 내용을 중심으로 요약하였다. Music education is an important education that can accomplish the cognitive, definitive and psychomotor objectives of education presented by Bloom using music, the most familiar medium which stimulates the aesthetic attribute of humans. This music education is being materialized in a variety of forms, including instrumental music, singing, creation, and appreciation. Among the instrumental music education, especially violin is today being educated popularly together with piano as a musical instrument that builds up emotional stability and concentration ability and also has a positive effect on the development of musical skill and aptitude. Accordingly, along with an increased interest on violin education, various educational methods are being studied and also educated at fields. The problem, however, is that the education is focused on the effective technique improvement without considering the characteristics of developmental and musically-cognitive ability of the children aged 4 to 7 initially experiencing violin, namely young children and low-grade elementary school students who are immature from all of physical, mental and social aspects. But in case of violi education without understanding the developmental features of infants and children, they are apt to lose interest in violin and a non-educational result losing a liking for music can also be caused. Therefore, it will be necessary to study methods to educate violin suitably to the developmental features of them, and in particular, because children aged 4-7 have much similarity and strong connective features in their developmental phase, it is necessary to seek to study violin teaching & learning activity plans taking account of the connectivity of developmental phase characteristics and musically cognitive ones. According to this necessity, this paper was conducted for studying violin teaching & learning activity plans taking preschool & elementary connection into consideration. The theoretical grounds of the study were prepared by looking into Piaget`s theory of cognitive development-providing developmental and psychological grounds-and the music education theory of Dalcroze, Kodaly, Orff and Suzuki-that can suggest educational methods. For the music education of young children based on these, the suggestive points of theoretical backgrounds referred to as the "sensual music experience through active plays and physical expression," were derived and summarized, and those referred to as "cognitive music experience and the education of music instruments" were summarized for the music education of elementary school students. Thus the violin teaching & learning activity appropriate to young children was defined as "Preliminary violin technique teaching & learning activity", that adequate to low-grade elementary school students was defined as "Violin technique teaching & learning activity", all factors needed for the activity plans of each period were looked into taking account of their connectivity, and the connective teaching & learning activity plans of 14 cycles each for young children and elementary school students, in other words, a total of 28 cycles, were worked out. In particular, the preliminary violin technique teaching & learning activity plan was intended to suggest violin education adequately to the developmental phase of young children by proposing various learning methods such as physical expression, rhythm learning, simulated violin and simulated-bow violin experience. In conclusion, this study concretely conducted a study of violin education considering the developmental phase, music-cognitive features and connective characteristics of young children and low-grade elementary school students, most of those who initially experience violin, but it has a limitation whose effects were not verified through field applications. It is suggested, therefore, that the studies on violin teaching & learning activity plans considering the connection of pre-school and el

Research on Value Perception Psychology in Online Music Consumption among Chinese College Students

Zhang Qi 중한연구학회 2023 중한연구학간 Vol.0 No.30

Value perception of online music directly affects whether consumers make a purchase. The higher the perceived value, the greater the consumer’s purchase intention. College students are the main group of online music consumers, occupying a large proportion of online music consumers. A survey of 2,011 college students and a self-developed “Online Music Value Perception Scale for College Students” showed that college students generally have a high perception of the value of online music. There are significant differences in the perceived value of online music among college students in demographic variables such as gender, grade, only child, hometown, major category, and monthly disposable income.