혀의 위치가 경추부 근육의 근활성도에 미치는 영향

한동욱 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 2012 自然科學論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Objectives : This study researched the effect of tongue position on the muscle activation by analyzing uscle activation of muscle surrounding the cervical spine. Materials & Methods : The 20 subjects of this experiment were university students in age 20s, who had no cervical deformities or muscle problems. We selected three kinds of muscles; the upper trapezius, splenius capitis and sternoclaidomattoid, and measured the muscle activation of the muscles around cervical spine. Tongue positions were seven; neutral, anterior protrusion, posterior retrusion, superior and inferior protrusion, left and right side protrusion. Measurement device was surface EMG(LXM-3204, Korea). The value of RMS(root mean square) was used for analysis of muscle activation. Results : Even if the muscle activations of all muscles increased according to tongue positions, only the muscle activation of upper trapezius increased significantly by posterior retrusion of tongue. Others didn't show the change of muscle activation significantly. Conclusion : In view of these results, However, we knew that we have to study more to find the possibility of change of muscle activation according to tongue position because of increase tendency of muscle activation.

Detection of muscle activation through multi-electrode sensing using electrical stimulation

Son, Choonghyun,Kim, Seulgee,Kim, Seung-jong,Choi, Junho,Kim, DaeEun Elsevier 2018 Sensors and actuators. A Physical Vol.275 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The need to assess muscle activation and intention recognition in the design of prosthetic or exoskeleton robots has recently increased in rehabilitation medical research. Assessment of the muscle activation has an important role in the control of wearable devices. Such application requires estimating a patient's intention through the detection of their muscle activation. Previously developed techniques, namely, bioelectrical impedance analysis, electrical impedance myography, electrical impedance tomography, and a surface electromyogram, have been used in the detection of muscle activation. However, these techniques tend to have difficulty in assessing the muscle activation. A biopsy needle can be used to sense the muscle activation in an invasive manner. We propose a new method for detecting the muscle activation using multi-electrode sensing with electrical stimulation, but without a biopsy needle. Electrical stimulation is applied to the skin of a subjects forearm. The signals reflected from their muscles are then measured using multiple electrodes placed on the skin. The forearm skin and its muscles can be modeled as muscle tissue circuits depending on the signal frequency. We verified the proposed method experimentally through isometric muscle contraction, isotonic muscle action, and a frequency response test using various frequencies of the electric stimulation signals. Experiments with eight healthy subjects showed promising results in the detection of muscle activation, which can be applied to prosthetic or exoskeleton robots.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Muscle tissue modeling for electric stimulation. </LI> <LI> Recognition of subject intention by muscle activation. </LI> <LI> Detection of muscle activation using multi-electrode sensing and electrical stimulation. </LI> <LI> Detection and assessment of isometric and isotonic muscle actions at forearms. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effect of Various Support Surfaces on Activation of Tibialis Anterior, Peroneus Longus, and Gastrocnemius Muscles during Squat Performance

윤세라,김지원,송다은,이보람,이정현,김용욱 KEMA학회 2019 근골격계과학기술학회 Vol.3 No.2

Background Previous studies have reported various advantages of general squat for functional activities. However, no study has reported the effect of lower leg muscle activity during squat on ankle stability with different supporting surface conditions. Purpose To investigate the effect of various support surfaces on lower leg muscle activation during squat performance and identify an effective way to prevent ankle injuries by increasing ankle stability. Study design Cross-sectional study. Methods Twenty healthy adults were recruited to compare lower leg muscle activation during squat performance on various support surfaces. Electromyographic activity was measured for tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL), medial gastrocnemius (GCM), and lateral GCM muscles. Lower leg muscle activity during squat performance was calculated using mean value measured three times on each support surface. Repeated 3 × 2 two-way ANOVA measurements (surface conditions × leg sides) with Bonferroni’s correction was used to compare lower leg muscle activity from both sides on various support surfaces during squat exercise. Results TA muscle activity during squat performance under balance pad (BP) condition was significantly greater than that under togu (TG) condition (p<0.05). PL muscle activity during squat performance was significantly greater under bottom floor (BF) condition than that under BP or TG condition (p<0.05). Medial GCM muscle activity during squat performance was significantly greater under BP condition than that under BF or TG condition (p<0.05). TA and medial GCM muscle activities were the highest under BP condition, followed by those under BF and TG conditions. PL and lateral GCM muscle activities were the highest under BF condition, followed by those under BP and TG conditions. Conclusions For anteroposterior muscles of the lower leg, squat exercise needs to be performed on a slightly unstable support surface such as a BP. For lateral muscles of the lower leg, squat exercise needs to be performed on stable support surface such as BF. Background Previous studies have reported various advantages of general squat for functional activities. However, no study has reported the effect of lower leg muscle activity during squat on ankle stability with different supporting surface conditions. Purpose To investigate the effect of various support surfaces on lower leg muscle activation during squat performance and identify an effective way to prevent ankle injuries by increasing ankle stability. Study design Cross-sectional study. Methods Twenty healthy adults were recruited to compare lower leg muscle activation during squat performance on various support surfaces. Electromyographic activity was measured for tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL), medial gastrocnemius (GCM), and lateral GCM muscles. Lower leg muscle activity during squat performance was calculated using mean value measured three times on each support surface. Repeated 3 × 2 two-way ANOVA measurements (surface conditions × leg sides) with Bonferroni’s correction was used to compare lower leg muscle activity from both sides on various support surfaces during squat exercise. Results TA muscle activity during squat performance under balance pad (BP) condition was significantly greater than that under togu (TG) condition (p<0.05). PL muscle activity during squat performance was significantly greater under bottom floor (BF) condition than that under BP or TG condition (p<0.05). Medial GCM muscle activity during squat performance was significantly greater under BP condition than that under BF or TG condition (p<0.05). TA and medial GCM muscle activities were the highest under BP condition, followed by those under BF and TG conditions. PL and lateral GCM muscle activities were the highest under BF condition, followed by those under BP and TG conditions. Conclusions For anteroposterior muscles of the lower leg, squat exercise needs to be performed on a slightly unstable support surface such as a BP. For lateral muscles of the lower leg, squat exercise needs to be performed on stable support surface such as BF.

보행 속도가 하지 근육 근활성과 각 근육 간의 상관관계에 미치는 영향

오태영,차명빈,옥은진,김선희,정은진,이재호 대한신경치료학회 2022 신경치료 Vol.26 No.2

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gait velocity on the correlation of the muscle activation of the lower limbs and between each muscle. Methods Participants were adult female college students (n = 20) who could walk normally. Subjects first measured the MVIC (Maximal Voluntary Isometric contraction) after attaching the electrodes to the gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, soleus, tibialis anterior. Thereafter, treadmill exercise was performed to measure muscle activation during gait. The velocity of the treadmill was set to 0, 2, 3.5, and 6 (km/h). Results As a result, according to the increase in gait velocity of the treadmill gait, the muscle activation of the lower limbs has also increased. In addition, as a result of confirming the correlation between the muscles involved in gait under each velocity condition while gait velocity and muscle activation increased proportionally, the tibialis anterior located in front of the tibia showed a lower increase in muscle activity than gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, and soleus but gastrocnemius medialis showed a higher increase in muscle activation than gastrocnemius lateralis. In addition, at the only standing position at 0 km/h, the tibialis anterior showed a higher increase in muscle activation than gastrocnemius lateralis. Conclusion The regulation of gait velocity seems to be able to relatively increase muscle activation of the lower limbs as well as muscle activation of a particular muscle.

The effects of elbow joint angle and resistance point on muscle activation of the contralateral shoulder muscles while performing the ulnar thrust PNF pattern exercise

( Bok Gi Yeo ),( Dong Wook Han ) 대한물리의학회 2015 대한물리의학회지 Vol.10 No.3

PURPOSE: This study researched the effects of the changes of elbow joint angle and of arm position in PNF pattern on muscle activation of the contralateral shoulder muscles while performing PNF pattern exercise. METHODS: The research subjects were 16 male physical therapists who had no neuromuscular or neurological disorders. To measure the muscle activation of the contralateral shoulder muscles, EMG electrodes were attached to the muscle valley of the middle and posterior areas of the deltoid and triceps muscles of the arm. Muscle activation while performing the ulnar thrust PNF pattern exercise was measured with the elbow joint positioned at angles of 30°, 45°, and 60°. Resistance points were at the initial, middle, and end ranges of PNF pattern exercise. RESULTS: Muscle activation of the middle and posterior portions of the deltoid muscle increased significantly according to the changes of elbow joint angle. In each resistance point the middle range was significantly higher than at other points. A significant difference on muscle activation was demonstrated throughout each range depending on the type of muscle. Muscle activation of the middle and posterior portions of the deltoid muscle was higher than muscle activation of the triceps. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that the PNF pattern exercising method used in this study is a selective exercising method focusing on the deltoid muscle over the triceps muscle. In order to increase the muscle strength to the maximum level, it is necessary to provide the maximum level of resistance in the middle range of the elbow joint.

작은가슴근의 단축이 등세모근과 큰가슴근의 근 활성도에 미치는 영향

양회송 ( Hoe Song Yang ),배세현 ( Se Hyeon Bae ) 대한통합의학회 2013 대한통합의학회지 Vol.1 No.4

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the length of the pectoralis minor on muscle activity of trapezius and pectoralis major in subjects in subjects with shortened pectoralis minor muscle. METHOD: The subjects was participated in 36 with shortened pectoralis minor muscle. All subjects was examined the length test of pectoralis minor muscle. we divided by 3 groups. group Ⅰ(n=12) was for 4∼5cm of length of pectoralis minor muscle, group Ⅱ(n=12) was for 5∼6cm, group Ⅲ(n=12) was for above 6cm. The EMG activity of upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius and pectoralis major muscle activity was measured by surface EMG while elevationg the right arm in sitting postion with head to the neutral, shoulder elevation 135° with scaption. Data were analyed using one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc test. RESULT: The EMG activity differed significantly among the three groups(p<.05). The group Ⅲ had significantly greater EMG activity of upper trapezius and pectoralis major muscles than group Ⅰ and Ⅱ(p<.05). Also, The group Ⅲ had significantly smaller EMG activity of lower trapezius muscle than group Ⅰ and Ⅱ(p<.05). But, these was no significant difference in the EMG activity of the middle trapezius muscle among the groups (p.05). CONCLUSION: Therefore, the result of this study should be suggested that the shortened pectoralis minor muscle was affected the EMG activity of the upper trapezius, lower trapezius and pectoralis major. Ultimately the length of the pectoralis minor muscle leads to the muscle imbalance in shoulder girdle.

태권도 품새 중 두발 서기자세 옆차기와 학다리 서기자세 옆차기 동작의 근 활성도 비교분석

김세원(Kim, Se-Won),손유남(Son, Yoo-Nam),최가람(Choi, Ga-Ram),이수길(Lee, Su-Gil),김두기(Kim, Du-Gi) 한국사회체육학회 2016 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.66

The purposes of this research are to compare and analyze muscle activity between Yeopchagi posture of two-feet seogi and Yeopchagi movement of Hakdari seogi posture among the Taekwondo Poomsae and obtain muscle activity data of two. They are to provide scientific basic data by finding movement organization factors, characteristics and similarities and differences of each seogi posture Yeopchagi. Also, to suggest effective direction of performance for guide’s correct guidance and Poomsae player’s Yeopchagi technological movement and contribute to the improvement of Poomsae player’s athletic performance. Research subjects were 7 male Poomsae players who were registered in Korea Taekwondo Association as Poomsae players with award winning careers. The experiment was conducted by wireless EMG T. he conclusions are as follows. First, on the first condition, straight muscle of thigh commonly showed the highest muscle activity in Yeopchagi of two-feet stance posture and Yeopchagi of Hakdari seogi posture. Right straight muscle of thigh in both Yeopchagi of two stance postures showed the highest muscle activity. The second highest muscle activity was straight muscle of thigh in Yepchagi of two-feet stance posture(L) and anterior tibial muscle in Yeopchagi of Hakdari seogi posture(L). And, if examining the characteristics of sequential muscle activity after the second muscle activity of Yeopchagi of two stand postures, Yeopchagi of two-feet stance posture showed the highest muscle activity in support foot and nextly, in muscles of kicking feet. Yeopchagi of Hakdari seogi posture showed the highest muscle activity in kicking foot and nextly, in muscles of support foot. Right gastrocnemius of Yeopchagi of two stance postures showed significantly statistical differences. Second, the muscle which showed the highest muscle activity in Yeopchagi of two-feet stance posture and Yeopchagi of Hakdari seogi posture on the second condition showed the same result as of the first condition. The second highest muscle activity was shown in straight muscle of thigh and there were positional differences as Yeopchagi of two-feet stance posture was left straight muscle of thigh and Yeopchagi of Hakdari seogi posture was right one. So, there were significantly statistical differences in right bicephalus femoris(p<.05) and right gastrocnemius(p<.001). Third, the muscle which showed the highest muscle activity in Yeopchagi of two-feet stance posture and Yeopchagi of Hakdari seogi posture on the third condition was support foot; left straight muscle of thigh in Yeopchagi of two-feet stance posture and right kicking foot in Yeopchagi of Hakdari seogi posture. During the Yeopchagi of Hakdari seogi posture, muscle activity of right straight muscle of thigh was higher than left straight muscle of thigh in the first condition and to the third condition. During the Yeopchagi of two-feet stance posture, right straight muscle of thigh on the first condition and left straight muscle of thigh of the second condition and the third condition showed differences of muscle activity.

케틀벨 스윙 시 무게와 구간별 동작에 따른 몸통 및 엉덩이 근육 활성도 비교

이정노,신윤아 한국코칭능력개발원 2023 코칭능력개발지 Vol.25 No.5

이 연구는 케틀벨 스윙 시 각 구간별 몸통 및 엉덩이 근육의 활성도 차이를 알아보고, 케틀벨 스윙 시 구간별 무게에 따른 근활성도에 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 실시되었다. 연구대상은 케틀벨 지도자 자격을 소지한 숙련자 13명으로 선정하였다. 측정자의 우세측큰볼기근, 허리부 척주세움근, 배바깥빗근, 배곧은근에 전극을 부착하여 몸통 및 엉덩이 근육의 활성도를 측정하였다. 케틀벨 스윙은 ‘스윙 전 구간, 가속 구간, 스윙 구간, 스윙 마지막 구간, 복귀 구간’ 5구간으로 구분하여 근육의 활성도를 측정하였다. 본 연구에서몸통 및 엉덩이 근육의 활성도를 케틀벨 스윙의 각 구간과 무게에 따라서 근육 별로 분석한 결과, 배곧은근과 배바깥빗근 및 큰볼기근의 활성도는 구간별 차이가 나타났으며, 스윙 마지막 구간이 다른 모든 구간보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 척주세움근의 활성도는구간별 차이가 나타났으며, 가속 구간과 스윙 구간이 스윙 전 구간과 스윙 마지막 구간, 복귀 구간보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 따라서, 케틀벨 스윙의 구간에 따른 활성도 차이는 스윙 초기에서 중간단계인 스윙 전, 가속 및 스윙 구간에서는 척주 정렬의 안정화 유지를 위해 척주세움근이 가장 높게 나타났고, 스윙 중간단계 이후에는 엉덩관절의 폄으로 인한 큰볼기근의 활성도가 점점 높아졌으며, 스윙의 마지막 부분에서는 큰볼기근의 가장 높은 활성도를 나타냈으며 몸통의 정렬 유지와 안정화를 위한 강한 복부의 수축으로인해 배곧은근과 배바깥빗근의 활성도가 함께 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 복귀 구간인 다운-스윙에서는 큰볼기근의 활성도가 다른 근육들에 비하여 높은 상태를 유지하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면, 케틀벨 스윙 운동 시 이러한 근활성도의 동원과 역할을 인지하면서 스윙 동작을 연습하도록 지도하는 것이 부정확한 스윙 동작을 예방하여 부상의 위험을 줄이고, 정확하고 효과적인 스윙 방법을 숙달하는데 있어서 더 효율적일 것으로 생각된다. This study was conducted to find out the difference in activity of trunk and hip muscles according to phase during kettlebell swing, and to find out whether there was a difference in muscle activity according to the weight during kettlebell swing. The subjects of the study were selected as 13 skilled persons with kettlebell instructor qualifications. The activities of trunk and hip muscles were measured by attaching electrodes to the gluteus maximus (GM) muscle, the lumbar erector spinae (ES) muscle, the external oblique (EO) muscle, and the rectus abdominis (RA) muscle on the dominant side of the participates. Muscle Activity was measured kettlebell swing is divided into 5 phases: pre-swing phase, acceleration phase, swing phase, terminal swing phase, and return phase. In this study, as a result of analyzing the activity of the trunk and hip muscles according to weight and phases during the kettlebell swing, the activities of the RA, EO, and GM muscle showed a difference according to phase, and the last phase of the swing showed significantly higher than all phases. There was a difference in the activity of the ES muscle according to phase, and the acceleration and swing phases were significantly higher than the pre-swing, the last of swing, and the return phases. Therefore, the activity difference according to the kettlebell swing phase was the highest in the ES muscle for stabilizing the alignment of the spine in the pre-swing, acceleration and swing phases, which are the initial to intermediate stages of the swing. After the mid-swing phase, the activity of the GM muscle gradually increased due to the extension of the hip joint. At the end of the swing, the GM muscle showed the highest activity, and the activities of the RA and EO muscles increased together due to strong abdominal contraction to maintain alignment and stabilization of the trunk. In the down-swing, which is the return section, the activity of the GM muscle remained higher than that of other muscles. Taken together, it is suggested that teaching to recognize the mobilization and role of these muscle activities during kettlebell swing exercise during practice swing movements will be more effective in preventing inaccurate swing movements, reducing the risk of injury, and mastering accurate and effective swing methods.

체중심의 보조 방법에 따른 계단 오르기 시 안쪽넓은근과 가쪽넓은근의 근활성 변수들과 개시시간에 미치는 즉각적인 영향 비교

신지원,윤삼원 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2023 PNF and Movement Vol.21 No.1

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the immediate effects of weight-assisting methods on vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle activation, on the VMO/VL muscle activation ratio, and on muscle onset time in healthy subjects when ascending stairs. Methods: Healthy participants were randomly assigned to the belt group (n = 11), hand group (n = 11), and control group (n = 11). In the belt group, a belt was wrapped around the sacrum and pulled forward with both hands, moving the center of weight forward, while ascending stairs. The hand group grasped the hips with both hands and climbed stairs, assisting their weight fromthe rear and moving the center of weight backward, and the control group climbed the stairs without any intervention. Results: Muscle activation of the VMO decreased significantly after the intervention in the belt and hand groups, and activation of the VL muscle in both groups showed a greater decrease than that of the VMO muscle. Further, the VMO/VL muscle activation ratio increased significantly, with an improvement shown in the order of the belt group, hand group, and control group, while muscle onset time also improved in the order of the belt group, hand group, and control group. Conclusion: The belt group demonstrated the greatest effect across all dependent variables, confirming that in clinical practice, these two weight-assisting methods are more effective interventions during stair ascent for patients with knee joint instability, pain, and imbalance than no assistance.

The Effects of Different Types of High Heels and Walking Velocity on Muscle Activation of the Paraspinal Muscles

( Joong Sook Le ),( Dong Wook Han ) 대한물리의학회 2014 대한물리의학회지 Vol.9 No.3

PURPOSE : This study researched the effects of different types of high heels on the muscles surrounding the cervical spine, the thoracic spine, and the lumbar spine by analyzing muscle activation of the paraspinal muscles during walking while wearing high heels. The high heels were all of the same height: 8㎝. METHODS : The 28 subjects in this experiment were females in their 20s with a foot size of 225-230㎜. To measure the muscle activation of the paraspinal muscles, EMG electrodes were attached on the paraspinal muscles around C6, T7, and L5. The muscle activation during walking while wearing 8㎝ high wedge heels, setback heels, and french heels was measured. The measurements were performed 3 times each and the mean value of the result was used for analysis. Two kinds of velocity were used in this study. One of the velocity was 2.5 ㎧. The other was 3.5 ㎧. RESULTS : The muscle activation of paraspinal muscles increased significantly according to increase of walking velocity. But there was nosignificant difference according to the heel types. CONCLUSION : In view of the results, the height of heels and the velocity of walking are more convincing variables than the width of the heels on the muscle activation of paraspinal muscles. So wearing high heels is not recommended for those who have pain or functional problem of cervical and lumbar vertebrae.