PC를 이용한 자기공명분광 신호처리분석 시스템 개발: 1.5T MR Spectroscopy에서의 정상인 뇌 분광 신호

백문영,강원석,이현용,신운재,은충기 대한자기공명의과학회 2000 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.4 No.2

목적 자기공명 스펙트럼 데이터의 처리 및 분석을 특정 workstation이 아닌 일반 PC의 windows 운영체제에서 동작할 수 있도록 GUI(Graphical User Interface)기반의 Spectroscopy 분석용 도구를 개발하였다. 대상 및 방법 S/W의 개발은 MATLAB(Mathwork사 미국)을 이용하여 PC의 window운영 체제에서 GUI 기반으로 동작하게 하였다. 시간 영역의 raw data와 주파수 영역의 spectrum data를 동시에 display할 수 있게 하였으며 Zero filling, 여러 종류의 filtering, 위상보정, FFT, peak area 측정 등의 기능을 갖추었다. 또한, 1.5T Gyroscan ACS-NT R6(Philips, Amsterdam, Netherland)의 $^1H$ Spectroscopy 패키지를 이용하여 정상인 뇌의 Parietal white matter, Basal ganglia, Occipital grey matter 영역에서 얻은 $^1$H MRS data를 정성 .정량적으로 분석하여 타 기종에서 얻어 발표된 $^1H$ MRS data와 비교분석하였다. 결과 : 본 연구에서 개발된 S/W를 이용하여 정상인 뇌에서 $^1H$ MRS data를 processing한 결과 NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, MI/Cr 비율은 TE를 달리하였을 때, 유의수준 5%에서 Parietal white matter(PWM)의 NAA/Cr peak ratio를 제외하고 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그리고 기존에 발표된 문헌과 비교할 때 다른 MR장치의 NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, MI/Cr 값들에 비해 평균값과 표준편차가 전반적으로 10-50%의 큰 값을 나타내었다. 결론 : 정상인 뇌에서 세 부위에 대하여 $^1H$ MRS를 얻고 이에 대한 정성.정량 분석을 함으로써 MRS를 임상적으로 적용하기 위한 준비를 하였으며 이러한 작업을 PC에서 독립적으로 수행함으로서 MRI system의 작업효율을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 그리고 서로 다른 기종간에는 유의한 차이가 있으므로 정상인에 대한 MRS database를 구축한 후에 $^1H$ MRS를 임상에 적용해야 함을 알 수 있었다. Purpose : The aim of this study is to develope the Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy(MRS) data processing S/W which plays an important role as a diagnostic tool in clinical field. Materials and methods : Post-processing software of MRS based on graphical user interface(GUI) under windows operating system of personal computer(PC) was developed using MATLAB(Mathwork, U.S.A.). This tool contains many functions to increase the quality of spectrum data such as DC correction, zero filling, line broadening, Gauss-Lorentzian filtering, phase correction, etc. And we obtained the normal human brain $^1H$ MRS data from parietal white matter, basal ganglia and occipital grey matter region using 1.5T Gyroscan ACS-NT R6 (philips, Amsterdam, Netherland) MRS package. The analysis of the MRS peaks were performed by obtaining the ratio of peak area. Results : The peak ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, MI/Cr for the different MRS machines have a little different values. But these peak ratios were not significantly different between different echo time MRS peak ratios in the same machine (p<0.05). Conclusion : MRS post-processing S/W based on GUI using PC was developed and applied to the analysis of normal human brain $^1H$ MRS. This independent MRS processing job increases the performance and throughput of patient scan of main console. Finally, we suggest that the database for normal in-yivo human MRS data should be obtained before clinical applications.

<성현공숙렬기>에 나타난 복심(腹心)으로서의 시비: 난소를 중심으로

김민정 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2020 한국문화 Vol.0 No.92

This study aims to disclose the meaning of the aspect, roles, and their behaviors from Mrs. Yeo’s maid as a female character in ‘Seonghyeongongsukryeolgi’. Mrs. Yeo wanted her own son, Lim Yu-lin, to be a patriarch. So she tries to kill her adopted son, Lim Hee-rin. And she tries to kill Lim Hee-rin’s wife, Joo Sook-ryol, and her son, Chang-hung. In this process of slander, it is the Nanso that acts as the main agent of Mrs. Yeo’s actions. Nanso is the most active maid of Mrs. Yeo. There are three main characteristics of Nanso. First, Nanso is a maid who schemes a stratagem by herself. Secondly, she mobilized her family when she was scheming a stratagem. Third, Nanso does not give up even if she keeps failing. Unlike active Nanso, Mrs. Yeo is passive. Mrs. Yeo is constantly making schemes but always afraid of Lim's family. Becuase the insight of Lim Hanju seems a fear for Mrs. Yeo. The insight of Lim Hanju has been described since Mrs. Yeo got married with him. Lim Hee-rin also knew all the tricks of Mrs. Yeo. But for filial piety he pretends not to know Mrs. Yeo’s crimes. Nanso’s activism supplements Mrs. Yeo’s passivity. And it completes the scheme. Thus Nanso fails twice, but she doesn't give up. Nanso’s scheme becomes more brutal and its scope gets wider. Nanso’s desire is revealed twice when she’s scheming. One is pervergence for Lim Hanju, and the next is the determination to let Lim Yu-lin establishes himself as ruler of a family. What's important is that both of these desires coincide with the time when Mrs. Yeo goes through hardships. On the other hand, when Mrs. Yeo succeeds in the scheme, or only Nanso suffers, Nanso’s desires are not revealed. Nanso is the person whose desires have spread to Mrs. Yeo. Nanso expresses her anger towards Lim’s family on behalf of Mrs. Yeo. The so-called Nanso’s Desire and Nanso’s Activeness, expressed by her, also affect her consequence. Mrs. Yeo is a stepmother of Lim Hee-rin. Mrs. It is essential for Yeo’s survival to keep Lim Hee-rin’s filial piety. Thus, the narrator makes Mrs. Yeo only devise a scheme which can not jeopardize her life. In this process, Nanso is tooled for narrative. Nanso has been beaten twice by Lim Hanju on behalf of Mrs. Yeo, and is crucially put to death on behalf of Mrs. Yeo, with all this evil. ‘Seonghyongsukryolgi’ is a work that actively reveals the performances of the maids. This is not only the maid of the reactionary character, but also the maid of the main character. Maids belong to a double life that has the status of a lower-class woman but can not rip off the life of a upper-class woman. The life of the maid in this novel is an indicator of the solidarity of women in the upper and lower classes of the time, and the life of women in the lower classes can be seen as a fragmentary indicator. .

서흥 김씨에 대한 정려 추진과 죽음의 해석 - 『종용록』을 중심으로 -

서경희 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2023 한국민족문화 Vol.86 No.-

This study examined aspects of interpretation of Mrs. Kim's death, focusing on JongYong-rok. In the writings of writers included in this book, Mrs. Kim was defined as a virtuous woman who died quietly and faithfully. And in these records, writers focused on revealing that the incredible work of Mrs. Kim was official, trustworthy, and very special. Mrs. Kim's death was interpreted as a death that had social meaning and evidenced the workings of ideology in reality. In this process of proof and interpretation, Mrs. Kim's words, actions, and body evidence were described in detail, showing that the virtuous woman's actions still exist. However, the meaning of her death was divorced from Mrs. Kim's actual life. After Mrs. Kim's death, she received recognition from the country and praise from famous writers of the time, and her death was evaluated as worthy of being included in the scriptures and historical books, and she was reborn as an eternal being. Although it was said that Mrs. Kim received ‘compensation’ after her death through these rewards and evaluations, Mrs. Kim was neither the one who actually requested compensation nor the party who benefited from it. Mrs. Kim's daily life and body were publicly autopsied and the process of death was dissected due to social necessity, regardless of her will. The benefits were received by those who led and participated in the awards and compliments. Mrs. Kim's in-laws proved the family's moral status and reputation, and the writers who wrote tributes fulfilled their social role and demonstrated the operation of ideology by evaluating Mrs. Kim's death.

프리스트레스 콘크리트 일방향 장선구조로 구축한 MRS 연속단 접합부의 휨거동

오영훈,문정호,임주혁,최동섭,이강철 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2010 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 지하주차장 건물의 바닥구조를 구성하기 위한 방안으로서 프리스트레스를 도입한 일방향 장선구조인 MRS공법을 제안하고, MRS공법의 연속단 접합부에 대한 구조실험을 수행함으로써 휨거동 특성과 접합상세의 적정성을 평가하였다. 연속단 접합부는 4개의 실험체를 제작하였으며, 연속단 접합부에 부모멘트가 작용하도록 실험을 수행하였다. 실물크기로 제작한 MRS 연속단 접합부는 접합부의 구조상세와 상관없이 충분한 휨강성의 발현과 함께 연성적인 휨파괴 거동을 보여주었다. 특히 지붕층에 위치한 MRS 연속단 접합부는 큰 값의 부모멘트를 저항하기 위한 인장철근의 양을 최대철근비 이하로 설계할 수 있으며, 최종파괴 모드는 휨에 의해 지배되는 거동특성을 보여주었다. 따라서 제안된 MRS공법은 우수한 지압성능과 연속단 구축이 용이한 접합부 상세를 갖는 것으로 평가되었다. The purpose of this study is to propose and evaluate the continuous joint constructed with MRS system which is utilized for floor system in the parking structures or commercial retail buildings. Four specimens were fabricated and tested to examine the structural performance of the continuous joint with different joint detailing. Structural test for the specimens was undertaken to simulate the actual stress condition of the negative moment resisting connection in the prestressed precast concrete parking structures with 8m span. Based on the experimental results, the MRS system could be designed as the ductile continuous joint governed by flexural behavior. Therefore the MRS system developed in this study would provide a superior joint behavior to conventional double-tee system when constructing monolithic joint composed of simply supported precast members.

댈러웨이 부인과 블룸 부인

이영심 ( Young Shim Lee ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2009 제임스조이스저널 Vol.15 No.2

This essay deals with the two married women, Mrs. Dalloway in Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf and Mrs. Bloom in Ulysses by James Joyce, focusing on the issues of the crisis in their identities within the marriage system and their struggle to get independent realm in it. The title of Wolf`s text, Mrs. Dalloway and Mrs. Bloom emphasize the fact that their names themselves always evoke their husbands such as Mr. Dalloway and Mr. Bloom instead of their own names. Furthermore, the subtitle of the last episode of Ulysses, Penelope, referring to the faithful wife of Odysseus despite his numerous extramarital affairs with other women, defines Molly`s primary role as the good wife of Bloom. Therefore, the title and subtitle play the role to reveal the situation in which the two women experience their identity crisis upon their getting married in those days. However, two women characters are not the traditional submissive and conforming to the conservative male-centered ideology. First of all, they seek to establish their own place in the existing marriage system. For example, the fact that for Clarissa the most important element for choosing her future husband is whether the man can give her a little independence (MD 86) suggests that she does not want to give up her own independence in spite of her getting marriage. But her struggle is not an easy one and there exists the gap between Mrs. Dalloway who had the oddest sense of being herself invisible; unseen; unknown (MD 11) and Clarissa who dreamt to reform the world (MD 36) and believed that she fell in love with women (MD 35). This gap does not come from Clarissa`s own fault but from the social structure which prevents women from acquiring their economical and political independence. In the case of Mrs. Molly who belongs to the lower class of her society, she directly attacks the conservative male ideology by means of her powerful interior monologue. To begin with, she divulges her husband`s unfaithfulness through numerating his various love affairs. Then she states her own sexual desire without reservedness, which has traditionally been forbidden in the western society. This strategy of being anti Penelope is effective to dismantle the patriarchal ideology in which women`s social position is secondary to that of men`s. However, the fact that Molly`s powerful voice is completely confined within her inner thought indicates that women of those days did not have the means to express their voices publically.

Optimization of Streptococcus macedonicus MBF10-2 Lysate Production in Plant-based Medium by Using Response Surface Methodology

Andyanti, Dini,Dani, Fatin M.,Mangunwardoyo, Wibowo,Sahlan, Muhamad,Malik, Amarila The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2019 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.47 No.2

Bacterial lysates have become a common ingredient for natural health care. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could serve as potential candidates for lysate production: the lactic acids produced by LAB have been utilized for their moisturizing, antimicrobial, and rejuvenating effects, while other substances provide topical benefits and health effects for the skin. Our study aimed to obtain lysate from a LAB S. macedonicus MBF 10-2 through an optimized fermentation using the Response Surface Methodology. Strain MBF10-2 was cultivated in a 2L fermenter tank in de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium and in plant-based peptone modified MRS, i.e. Soy-peptone and Vegitone. The duration and the medium composition (dextrose and soy peptone or proteose peptone) were adjusted to obtain an optimum production of cell lysate. Central Composite Design was employed for Design Expert 7.0.0 by adjusting 3 factors: dextrose (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%), soy or proteose peptone (0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25% and 1.5%), and duration of fermentation (8, 10, 12 14, and 16 h for MRS-Soy peptone and 15, 17, 19, 21, and 23 h for MRS Vegitone). Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitor Substance activity of lysate and pH were used as indicators. The optimum condition for lysate production using MRS Soy Peptone and Vegitone are as follows: dextrose concentration 2.5%, plant-based peptone 1.25%, while optimum fermentation duration were 11.18 h (MRS Soy Peptone) and 17 h (MRS Vegitone) with a starter concentration of 10% at $OD_{600nm}$ $0.2{\pm}0.05$. However, the standard MRS medium produced better quality lysate compared to MRS plant-based peptones.

Optimization of Streptococcus macedonicus MBF10-2 Lysate Production in Plant-based Medium by Using Response Surface Methodology

Dini Andyanti1,Fatin M. Dani,Wibowo Mangunwardoyo,Muhamad Sahlan,Amarila Malik 한국미생물·생명공학회 2019 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.47 No.2

Bacterial lysates have become a common ingredient for natural health care. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could serve as potential candidates for lysate production: the lactic acids produced by LAB have been utilized for their moisturizing, antimicrobial, and rejuvenating effects, while other substances provide topical benefits and health effects for the skin. Our study aimed to obtain lysate from a LAB S. macedonicus MBF 10-2 through an optimized fermentation using the Response Surface Methodology. Strain MBF10-2 was cultivated in a 2L fermenter tank in de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium and in plant-based peptone modified MRS, i.e. Soy-peptone and Vegitone. The duration and the medium composition (dextrose and soy peptone or proteose peptone) were adjusted to obtain an optimum production of cell lysate. Central Composite Design was employed for Design Expert 7.0.0 by adjusting 3 factors: dextrose (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%), soy or proteose peptone (0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25% and 1.5%), and duration of fermentation (8, 10, 12 14, and 16 h for MRS-Soy peptone and 15, 17, 19, 21, and 23 h for MRS Vegitone). Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitor Substance activity of lysate and pH were used as indicators. The optimum condition for lysate production using MRS Soy Peptone and Vegitone are as follows: dextrose concentration 2.5%, plant-based peptone 1.25%, while optimum fermentation duration were 11.18 h (MRS Soy Peptone) and 17 h (MRS Vegitone) with a starter concentration of 10% at OD600nm 0.2 ± 0.05. However, the standard MRS medium produced better quality lysate compared to MRS plant-based peptones.

영화 <디 아워스(The Hours)>에 나타난 이미지의 상징성

박민영(Park, Minyoung) 국제언어문학회 2016 國際言語文學 Vol.- No.34

이 논문에서 필자는 영화 <디 아워스>에 나타난 이미지의 상징성을 원작소설 『세월』과 버지니아 울프의 소설 『댈러웨이 부인』과의 상호연계성을 바탕으로 살펴보았다. 영화의 주인공인 버지니아, 로라, 클라리사는 다른 시간과 공간에 살고 있지만, 소설『댈러웨이 부인』으로 연결돼 있다. 버지니아는 소설을 집필하며, 로라는 그 소설을 읽고, 클라리사는 소설의 주인공인 댈러웨이 부인과 같은 삶을 살고 있다. 영화는 교차편집으로 마치 세 여성이 동시에 같은 날을 사는 것처럼 보여준다. 이때 나타나는 영상 이미지의 유사성과 반복성은 이 영화의 가장 큰 개성으로, 필자는 이 이미지들의 상징을 분석함으로써 주인공의 정서와 심리상태를 알아보고자 했다. 세 여성이 준비하는 파티는 분열된 내면의식을 연결하고, 각기 다른 삶을 사는 사람들을 소통시키는 일종의 상징적 의식이다. 이러한 파티를 위해 세 여성이 마련하는 음식은 자아의 확장, 즉 그들 내면의 심리상태를 함축한다. 파티의 방문객은 주인공들이 자신을 돌아보고, 진정 원하는 것을 뒤늦게나마 깨닫게 해주는 역할을 한다. 그리고 전편에 흐르는 동성애적인 코드는 고정된 성 정체성을 거부하고 자유를 열망하는 주인공들의 내면의식을 상징한다. 영화 <디 아워즈>를 일관하는 주제는 죽음이다. 버지니아 울프의 자살 장면으로 시작하는 이 영화는 그 장면을 다시 한 번 보여 주면서 끝난다. 그리고 그 사이에 여러 개의 죽음이 변주되고 있다. 주인공들에게 죽음은 어긋난 사랑에 대한 자유를 의미하며, 삶의 소중함은 죽음과 직면했을 때 비로소 인식된다. 이것은 원작소설 『세월』의 주제이자, 버지니아 울프의 소설 『댈러웨이 부인』의 주제이기도 하다. 영화 <디 아워스>의 가장 큰 미덕은 영상적 이미지의 병치와 변주를 통해 주인공인 세 여성의 같거나 다른 정서와 심리상태를 보여주었다는 것이다. 영상 이미지의 상징성은 영화를 보다 심도있게 감상하고 이해하기 위해 앞으로 다양한 각도에서 지속적으로 연구돼야 할 것이다. The original of The Hours directed by Stephen Daldry is a novel, The Hours, by Michael Cunningham. The novel version of The Hours includes an existing character, Virginia Woolf, and two of fictitious characters influenced by his work, and describes their lives. This paper will study the symbols of death and party expressed in The Hours through its original, Cunningham"s The Hours. The film shows a day that three women live through cross editing. Mrs. Wolf is writing Mrs. Dalloway. Mrs. Brown is reading Mrs. Dalloway. And Clarissa whose nick name is Mrs. Dalloway is living the life that Mrs. Dalloway lives. Virginia Woolf"s novel, Mrs. Dalloway, is not only the basic text of the original of the film version of The Hours, but also links between the three women in different times and spaces. As in the novel, Mrs. Dalloway, in which Clarissa prepares a party, the three women begin the day with preparing their parties. They cook, have their friends invited, kiss the same sex, and long to leave for different places. The three women have lovers who they love and who love and protect them, but they are not contend with their daily lives. So, they dream of different places. The food that the three women cook symbolizes the expansion of one"s identity and in fact, symbolizes their inner states. The invitations allow the three women to look back on themselves, and realize what they truly want. The gay kiss in the film implies a departure from daily life. The main theme of the film, The Hours, is death. The film starts with showing the suicide of Virginia Woolf and ends with showing it again. And several deaths happen between the beginning and the end. The three women witness different deaths to paradoxically understand the meaning of life like Clarissa in the novel, Mrs. Dalloway. Real life comes after death. Death is portrayed as the only escape from restrictions of daily life that are more hopeless than death itself. It also symbolizes the desire of the three women for freedom.

조선 초기 실행 여성에 대한 도덕 권력의 처벌 - 조화(趙禾)의 처 이씨의 경우

강명관 ( Kang Myeong Kwan ) 부산대학교 여성연구소 2018 여성학연구 Vol.28 No.1

Mrs. Kim was the wife of Jo Hwa who was a cousin of Jo Joon as one of the contributors to the foundation of Joseon. She didn't hesitate to express her sexual desires. Sex scandals involving her continued, though not finally confirmed to be true. She also remarried Lee Ji from the royal family when she was 57. It was never wrong, but the noble rule system defined her remarriage as lewd. It is still uncertain that rumors over how Mrs. Kim fulfilled her sexual desires were really true. Some of the rumors might have been reasonable, but how much they were based on realities are not still unknown. However, there was one things that was never changed. It was the moral powers of noble men that judged women's sexual desires as just immoral. In dealing with Mrs. Kim who was the wife of Jo Hwa, therefore, the focus should be put on the powers of noble men who covered themselves under the name of morality. Armed with moral powers, noble men defined that it is all lewd whether women just hold, verbally express or realize sexual desires. By the way, being sexually 'lewd' is just a human trait that is defined within particular contexts. In other words, having or realizing sexual desires itself should not be characterized by lewdness. Mrs. Kim was just forcedly led by the moral powers of noble men to be defined as a lewd woman. Meanwhile, Mrs. Kim's deviating behaviors first began after she found her husband Jo Hwa had sex with her mother. Therefore, those behaviors might be attributed to that husband. Nevertheless, however, Jo Hwa was neither judged as lewd, nor punished. The adultery that he committed with his mother-in-law was just described as a trivial or ignorable episode. Punishments on Mrs. Kim had lots of effects on other people. Her son Jo Sim, Jo Yoo-rye and Jo Yoo-shin were prohibited from being in career as governmental officials. Even her son-in-law and the husband and son-in-law of her daughter's daughter were not exceptional. Jo Yoo-rye and Jo Yoo-shin defended their grandmother by using resonable words, but moral powers of the noble rule system did neither accept, nor even consider any of the words. Severe attacks by the powers on Mrs. Kim and her off springs were probably widely known to people of the noble society, greatly contributing to suppressing noble women's sexual desires. Presumedly, noble women had to stop revealing verbally or give up meeting their sexual desires. For noble women, it was too asymmetrical since noble men could have multiple sexual relationships with lots of different women including kinyeo or entertaining women and female slaves. At last, the Joseon society was established in the way that noble men wanted. But in fact, it was disastrous to not only women, but also men.

Involvement of Mrs3/4 in Mitochondrial Iron Transport and Metabolism in Cryptococcus neoformans

최유정,도은수,Hu Guanggan,Caza Mélissa,Linda C. Horianopoulos,Kronstad James W.,정원희 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.8

Mitochondria play a vital role in iron uptake and metabolism in pathogenic fungi, and also influence virulence and drug tolerance. However, the regulation of iron transport within the mitochondria of Cryptococcus neoformans, a causative agent of fungal meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals, remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized Mrs3/4, a homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial iron transporter, in C. neoformans var. grubii. A strain expressing an Mrs3/4-GFP fusion protein was generated, and the mitochondrial localization of the fusion protein was confirmed. Moreover, a mutant lacking the MRS3/4 gene was constructed; this mutant displayed significantly reduced mitochondrial iron and cellular heme accumulation. In addition, impaired mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster metabolism and altered expression of genes required for iron uptake at the plasma membrane were observed in the mrs3/4 mutant, suggesting that Mrs3/4 is involved in iron import and metabolism in the mitochondria of C. neoformans. Using a murine model of cryptococcosis, we demonstrated that an mrs3/4 mutant is defective in survival and virulence. Taken together, our study suggests that Mrs3/4 is responsible for iron import in mitochondria and reveals a link between mitochondrial iron metabolism and the virulence of C. neoformans.