한국 노인의 여가 및 건강 활동 실태조사와 활성화 방안 - 미국 뉴욕주 거주 한인 노인과 비교하여 -

김설향,한경숙,정은나 한국사회체육학회 2020 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.79

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze real condition of leisure and health activities between Korean and Korean-American elderly people. Methods: 240 elderly people (120 Korean and 120 Korean-American), aged 60 to 90 years old, were selected as a participant for the study. The health, happiness, and stress level questionnaire, the life satisfaction questionnaire, leisure participation level & time, reason for leisure participation and satisfaction questionnaire for leisure program were used as measuring tool for investigation. The data of the study were analyzed by frequency analysis and independent t-test. The statistical significant level of this study was set-up as α=.05. Results: The results of this study were as follows. 1) Both Korean and Korean-American elderly people showed that they have participated in the leisure activities because of their health. 2) Result of participating time of leisure activities showed that Korean elderly group participated 30 minutes more than Korean-American elderly group (p<.001). 3) Results of health level, happiness level, and stress level factors of two groups showed that Korean elderly group had higher level in happiness level factor than Korean-American elderly group (p<.01) 4) Results of the life satisfaction factors showed that Korean elderly group had higher level in future life satisfaction factor than Korean-American elderly group (p<.01). Conclusion: In conclusion, life quality, participation of leisure activities, and life satisfaction of Korean elderly people have improved compared with past years. Therefore, leisure activation plan for Korean elderly people should be composed more actively at the government level.

한국무용 참가가 노인의 운동능력과 웰니스에 미치는 영향

유정숙 대한운동사협회 2010 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.12 No.2

[INTRODUCTION] To investigate the effects of 12 weeks korean dance participation on the motor ability and wellness in men and women elderly. [METHOD] Subjectswere 16 elderly men and women aged more than 65 who had participated in korean dance for 12 weeks. Muscular strength, balance, flexibility, reaction time, and wellness awareness levels test were made before and after korean dance. With the measured date, paired t-test were performed by SPSSWIN Ver 12.0. [RESULT] First, muscular strength, balance, flexibility, and reaction time were significantly improved in men elderly after korean dance. Second, muscular strength, balance, and flexibility but reaction time were significantly improved in women elderly after korean dance. Third, physical health and mental health wellness but social health, intellectual health, and emotional health were significantly improved in men elderly after korean dance. Fourth, Physical health, social health, mental health, and intellectual health wellness but emotional health were significantly improved in women elderly after korean dance. [CONCLUSION] Participation in 12 week korean dance is effective in motor ability and wellness awareness level in Men and women elderly. [서론] 이 연구는 12주간의 한국무용 참가가 남녀 노인의 운동능력과 웰니스 자각도에 어떠한 효과를 나타내고 있는지 분석하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. [방법] 연구대상은 65세 이상 남녀 노인 각각 8명씩 16명으로 하여 12주 동안 한국무용을 실시하였으며, 한국무용 참가 전후의 근력, 평형성, 유연성, 반응시간의 운동능력과 웰니스 자각도를 측정하였다. 자료처리는 SPSSWIN Ver 14.0을 이용하여 사전과 사후 평균차이를 검증하기 위하여 paired t-test를 실시하였다. [결과] 첫째, 한국무용 참가 후 남자 노인의 근력, 평형성, 유연성, 반응시간은 모두 유의하게 증가하였다. 둘째, 한국무용 참가 후 여자 노인의 근력, 평형성, 유연성은 유의하게 증가하였지만, 반응시간에는 효과가 없었다. 셋째, 한국무용 참가 후 남자 노인의 신체적 건강과 정신적 건강 웰니스는 유의하게 증가하였고, 사회적 건강, 지적건강, 정서적 건강은 유의한 증가가 없었다. 넷째, 한국무용 참가 후 여자 노인의 신체적 건강, 사회적 건강, 정신적 건강, 지적 건강 웰니스는 유의하게 증가하였고, 정서적 건강은 유의한 증가가 없었다. [결론] 12주간의 한국무용 참가는 남녀 노인의 운동능력과 웰니스 자각도 향상에 효과가 있다.

Social Support and Quality of Life in Domestic Korean and Korean American Elderly People

Kim, Hyun-Joo The Korean Society of Physical Therapy 2010 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.22 No.6

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and quality of life (QOL) in elderly people and to examine potential cross-cultural differences. Methods: The author surveyed 82 elderly people, over the age of 65, residing in a nursing home in a Korean rural area and 73 Korean immigrants living in Houston Texas USA who were also elderly. The degree of social support was measured with 20 questions that were answered using a 5 grade scale. The quality of life was measured in 5 fields (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, each scored using a 3 grade scale) with EUROQOL EQ-5D. Results: The mean score of social support was 65.43 for domestic Korean elderly people (range: 26 to 98); it was 73.43 for elderly Korean Americans (range: 26 to 100). The score was lower for domestic Koreans despite the traditional environment (p<0.05). Regarding QOL, 61% of domestic Korean elderly people complained of pain/discomfort and 47.5% appeared to have anxiety/depression, 30.5% complained of limitations in mobility, 20.7% reported limitations in usual activities, and 14.6% had limitations in basic self.care activity such as washing or dressing. A similar proportion of Korean American elderly had limitations in usual activities (19.2%) and self care activity (9.5%). But significantly fewer complained of anxiety/depression (16.5%, p<0.01) or pain/discomfort (38.3%, p<0.01). The major differences in psychological domains of QOL may be related to the degree of social support and the difference in the socio.cultural environment. Conclusion: Social support is a major determinant of QOL, especially for psychological domains, and these relationships are under the influence of the socio.cultural environment.

Social Support and Quality of Life in Domestic Korean and Korean American Elderly People

( Hyun-joo Kim ) 대한물리치료학회 2010 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.22 No.6

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and quality of life (QOL) in elderly people and to examine potential cross-cultural differences. Methods: The author surveyed 82 elderly people, over the age of 65, residing in a nursing home in a Korean rural area and 73 Korean immigrants living in Houston Texas USA who were also elderly. The degree of social support was measured with 20 questions that were answered using a 5 grade scale. The quality of life was measured in 5 fields (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, each scored using a 3 grade scale) with EUROQOL EQ-5D. Results: The mean score of social support was 65.43 for domestic Korean elderly people (range: 26 to 98); it was 73.43 for elderly Korean Americans (range: 26 to 100). The score was lower for domestic Koreans despite the traditional environment (p<0.05). Regarding QOL, 61% of domestic Korean elderly people complained of pain/discomfort and 47.5% appeared to have anxiety/depression, 30.5% complained of limitations in mobility, 20.7% reported limitations in usual activities, and 14.6% had limitations in basic self-care activity such as washing or dressing. A similar proportion of Korean American elderly had limitations in usual activities (19.2%) and self care activity (9.5%). But significantly fewer complained of anxiety/depression (16.5%, p<0.01) or pain/discomfort (38.3%, p<0.01). The major differences in psychological domains of QOL may be related to the degree of social support and the difference in the socio-cultural environment. Conclusion: Social support is a major determinant of QOL, especially for psychological domains, and these relationships are under the influence of the socio-cultural environment.

한국에서 지역사회 거주 남성 노인과 성인의 도박성향 비교

전진숙(Jin Sook Cheon),권명환(Myong Hwan Kwon),박지용(Ji Yong Park),박소민(So Min Park),박신형(Sin Hyung Park),오병훈(Byoung Hoon Oh) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2007 생물치료정신의학 Vol.13 No.2

Objectives:The rate of participating to gambling even in old age is rapidly increasing. However, there are few studies on the gambling effect to health. The pathological gambling can be related to job loss, bankrupcy, arrest, divorce, mental health problem, general health abnormality. Therefore, the aims of this study were to compare gambling behaviors among Korean elderly and adults, to know the rate of pathological gambling and to determine cutoff point, and to provide data to develop a brief pathological gambling screening test specific to the Korean elderly by comparing items of the rating instrument of pathological gambling. Methods:The subjects who were volunteers without history of neuropsychiatric illnesses living in Busan were randomly selected among elderly males within age 60 to 85(N=105) and adult males within age 30 to 49(N=100). The structured interviews and assessments using various rating instruments which required about 40 minutes were performed by three psychiatric residents with the aid of 3-4th grade medical students who were totally blind about subjects. The demographic data(age, sex, education, occupation, religion, marriage, living style, income, etc), physical illness(stroke, metabolic disorder, degenerative arthritis, cancer, etc), pathological gambling(the Korean Version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the SOGS-K), gambling history(initiating age, duration, stakes, frequency, companion, etc) were included. Results:1) On comparing of gambling behavior in the Korean elderly males to those in adult males, there were statistically significant difference in the duration, stakes, motivation and types of gambling(p<0.001, respectively). Otherwise, there were no statistically significant difference in frequency, companion, parental gambling problem and initiating age of gambling. 2) Using cutoff score 5 as in USA, the rate of pathological gambling in elderly(41.0%) was significantly higher than those in adults(24.0%)(p<0.05). However, applying cutoff score tentatively determined by the mean±S.D., there were no statistically significant difference between elderly(cutoff score 7, 12.4%) and adults(cutoff score 6, 21.0%). 3) There were significant difference between normal and pathological gambling subgroups of elderly in severity of gambling(p<0.05), living alone(p<0.05), housing(p<0.005), monthly income(p<0.05), smoking(p<0.05) and motivation of gambling(p<0.05). There were significant difference between normal and pathological gambling subgroups of adults in education(p<0.001), religion(p<0.05), physical illness (p<0.005), initiation age of gambling (p<0.05), frequency of gambling(p<0.005), stakes(p<0.05) and total money spending in gambling per month(p<0.005). 4) In five items including item number 7(p<0.005), 9(p<0.005), 10(p<0.05), 11(p<0.001) and 14(p<0.05) among the countable items of the SOGS-K(item number 4-11, 13-15, and 16a-16i), there were significant difference between adults and elderly, which might be used to make the brief form of the SOGS-K. Conclusions:The gambling behavior of Korean elderly seems to be intimately related to the lack of recreational resources and mental health problems. Therefore, we expect our results can be reflected to the welfare policy for the Korean elderly to provide social and medical services, developing brief pathological gambling screening test to detect gambling problems earlier among Korean elderly.

미국 LIR(Learning in Retirement)의 한국 적용가능성과 발전방향

신미식 한국성인교육학회 2008 Andragogy Today : International Journal of Adult & Vol.11 No.4

As the educational and economic conditions of the elders have improved, some educated elders begin to demand a new form of education. They want their education to be more intellectually challenging and more academic oriented. In this situation, Korean elderly education should be more developed and diversified to meet different needs of Korean elders. Learning in Retirement(LIR) has been developed since the 1970s in the United States for the purpose of providing American elders with an opportunity to pursue their intellectual growth. LIR is now the most popular and fastest growing form of elderly education in the U. S. The reason for it is that LIR is different from other forms of elderly education. In LIR, elders participate in all the processes of their education as the subjects. They plan, manage, evaluate, and even finance their education and by doing all these, they can empower themselves. In the study, the author attempts to do research on LIR in depth and to find out the possibility of LIR as a new model for Korean elderly education. In specific, first, the author investigates the backgrounds of the development of LIR in the United States Second, the author looks into the definition, main characteristics, and limitations of LIR. Third, the author examines to what extent LIR can meet the new educational demand of Korean elders, and what conditions should be improved to initiate LIR in Korea, and what direction the future Korean LIR should take. 한국 노인들의 교육 수준이나 경제 상황이 나아지면서 이들의 노인교육에 대한 요구 역시 변화하고 있다. 노인들은 과거와 달리 지적 호기심을 자극하고 계속적으로 지적 성장과 자아실현을 가능하게 하는 노인교육을 원하고 있다. 그러나 아직 노인교육이 다양화되지 못한 한국에서 이런 노인들의 욕구는 채워지지 못하고 있다. 미국 LIR은 노인들 스스로가 주체가 되어. 노인들의 지적 욕구를 충족시키는 것을 목적으로 발전해온 몇 안 되는 노인교육이다. 이런 의미에서 미국 LIR은 한국 노인교육이 하나의 모델로서 벤치마킹할 가치가 충분히 있다고 본다. 이런 이유로 이 연구에서는 미국에서 새로운 노인교육의 대안으로 등장하여 현재 괄목할만한 성공을 거두고 있는 LIR을 집중적으로 탐구하고, 나아가 LIR이 한국에서 적용할 수 있을지의 가능성을 진단했다. 특히 LIR이 한국에서 적용 가능하기위해서는 어떠한 여건이 필요한지, 또한 한국 LIR은 미국 LIR과 어떤 점에서 차별화되면서 발전하는 것이 바람직한지 그 발전 방향을 탐색했다.

Dietary pattern classifications with nutrient intake and body composition changes in Korean elderly

Chorong Oh,Jae-Kyung No,Hak-Seon Kim 한국영양학회 2014 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.8 No.2

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The body composition changes in aging increased the risk of metabolic disorder. Recent dietary studies have increasingly focused on the correlations between dietary patterns and chronic diseases to overcome the limitations of traditional single-nutrient studies because nutrients in food have complex relations that interact. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted to classify a dietary pattern among Korean elderly using cluster analysis and to explore the relationships between dietary patterns and body composition changes in Korean elderly aged 65 years or older. The study subjects (n = 1,435) were individuals who participated in the Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) in 2011. RESULTS: There were three dietary patterns derived by cluster analysis in this study: ‘Traditional Korean’ (37.49% of total population), ‘Meat and Alcohol’ (19.65%) and ‘Westernized Korean’ (42.86%). The (1) ‘Traditional Korean’ pattern was characterized by high consumptions of white rice and low protein, low fat, and low milk products, while (2) ‘Westernized Korean’ pattern ate a Korean-style diet base with various foods such as noodles, bread, eggs and milk, (3) ‘Meat and Alcohol’ pattern had high consumptions of meat and alcohol. In body composition changes, compared with the ‘Traditional Korean’ pattern, the ‘Meat & alcohol’ pattern was associated with a 50% increased risk of having elevated BMI (kg/㎠), ‘Westernized Korean’ pattern was associated with a 74% increased abnormality of ASM/Wt (kg) by logistics analysis. Most of the Korean adult population continues to follow ether a traditional Korean having beneficial effects for successful aging. However, the ‘Traditional Korean’ pattern showed low protein intake (0.7 g/kg), calcium intake, and vitamin D intake as well as low of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM (kg)) among 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the low ASM, consumption of protein, calcium and vitamin D should be increased for Korean elderly health body composition.

한국무용(韓國舞踊)과 Dance Sports를 통한 미학적(美學的) 노인건강효과론(老人健康效果論) 연구(硏究)

정우영 ( Woo Young Jung ),이영희(교신저자) ( Young Hee Lee ) 한국동양예술학회 2015 동양예술 Vol.27 No.-

노인들은 신체형상이 이상을 초래하고 있는 경우가 허다하다. 다리가 너무 많이 벌어지거나 또는 다리가 이상 형태로 휘어지는 경우가 있으며 상당수의 노인들이 허리가 굽어지는 경우를 많이 볼 수 있다. 다리는 가늘어지고 반대로 팔뚝은 굵어지는 경우도 볼 수 있는데 이러한 현상은 모두다 비정상적 체형이라고 할 수 있다. 이와 병행하여 정신건강도 이상 현상이 올 수 있다. 소외감, 외로움 및 죽음에 대한 두려움 때문이다. 인체건강과 정신건강은 상호보완적으로 영향을 받기 때문에 노인들의 건강미학은 바로 이러한 비정상의 체형과 정신건강을 조금이나마 개선하고 호전시켜서 정상적인 상태로 발전시키는 경우를 말한다. 건강미용 효과가 필요하다. 노인들의 건강은 지속적으로 변화를 가져오기 때문에 본인의 노력으로 건강유지를 위한 노력이 필요하며 이와 동시에 건강미학의 개선을 위한 노력이 병행하여 이루어져야 한다. 주위에서도 건강유지를 위한 노력과 건강미학의 지도가 필요하다. 노인들의 건강미학유지와 개선을 위해서는 우선적으로 몸을 움직이고 스트레칭을 하는 것이 좋다. 근육이 약화되고 경직되는 경우가 많기 때문에 지속적인 몸 움직임과 무용요법을 통하여 신체건강을 유지하여야 한다. 단계적인 무용활동과 댄스스포츠활동을 실시하는데 우선 첫 준비과정으로서 몸깨우기가 필요한데 두드림, 마사지, 지압하기의 동작을 수반한다. 노인파트너끼리 서로 도와주고 실행하면 효과적이다. 이러한 동작들은 한의학에서도 추천하는 일반적 방법들이라 하겠다. 몸의 외부에서 마사지 등으로 내장기관에 이르기까지 자극을 주어서 순환을 도와주는 역할을 하는 것인데 이러한 운동은 건강미학의 개선에 큰 도움을 받을 수 있다. 비단 노인뿐만 아니라 모든 이들이 건강유지와 건강미용을 위하여 습관적으로 행함으로서 건강미용 효과, 그리고 건강미학증진의 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다. Table tennis and dance sport was surely occupy a position in the national sport sector now, that the elderly have been adapted well sensitively to the fast-paced movement was thought very fortunate. I want to ask sport stakeholders the attention and encouragement for elderly to represented a significant effect on health by taking advantage of the Korean Dance actively. But fast-paced sports events could not apply for all seniors. On a more younger, and healthy elderly can be fast movement, but may act by force to those older seniors. The parties to exercise and teachers require posture to cooperate with each other. It is good for elderly to start with this order : Salpuri - Buddhist dance - Hanryangmu - Korean fan dance - Crown dance - Kang Kang suwolrae - Youngdeung ohgwangdae, etc from Korean Dance. The deduction of utilization of Dance sport and Korean Dance for the elderly to the conclusion are as follows: Korean dance and dance sport is a highly effective sport to seniors. But should choose sports for the health and fitness level of the elderly. It is effective for elderly to start with this order : Waltz, Viennese Waltz, Cha Cha, Rumba, Jive. It is effective for elderly to start with this order : Salpuri - Buddhist dance - Hanryangmu - Korean fan dance - Crown dance - Kang Kang suwolrae - Youngdeung ohgwangdae, etc from Korean Dance. In case of seniors practice Korean Dance and Dance Sport, It is not preferable to exercise for a long time. Exercise for a long time may result in health problems for the elderly. When utilize Korean dance and dance sport for the elderly health promotion, it is effective to carry out exercises under the guidance of a teacher.

Evaluation of Clothing Colors for Elderly People(2)

Shoyama, Shigeko,Kim, Jung-Sook,Tochihara, Yutaka 한국의류산업학회 2001 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.3 No.5

The present study focused on the color of clothing for elderly Korean women, from the viewpoint of helping elderly people live more interesting lives with regard to their clothing, considering that the Korean society will become elderly-oriented in the near future. We took photographs of the elderly served as the models, displayed them on a computer screen , and produced 75 colors of the clothing in the elderly using computer graphics. The 75 colors were evaluated by 2 groups, one of elderly Korean woman group and a group of female students. We compared the ideal colors for and the colors actually worn by elderly people. The evaluation of the clothing colors for elderly women differed between the elderly woman group and the female student group. Analysis of images of the clothing colors selected by the elderly women showed that they attach importance to elegance when selecting clothing colors and have a strong desire to become active. The images held by female students concerning ideal clothing colors for elderly women closely pertained to commonness and inactivity

Effect of Work on Medical Expenditures by Elderly: Findings From the Korean Health Panel 2008-2013

Hyun, Min Kyung Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.4

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of work on medical expenditures by the elderly. Methods: Data pertaining to individuals aged 65 or older collected by the Korean Health Panel 2008-2013 were used. The effects of work on medical expenditures were analyzed in a panel tobit model adjusted for several variables of demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, and health factors for health care. Data were also analyzed based on age groups (65-74, $75{\leq}$), type of work (waged or self-employed), and working time (daytime work or night time work). Results: Among the elderly older than 65 years, 34-37% were workers. Work among the elderly reduced medical expenditures relative to nonworking elderly. Specifically, medical expenditures were lower in individuals older than 75 years, as well as among those who were self-employed insured and had medical aid insurance and those who exercised. However, medical expenditures were higher among females, married individuals, those with a higher household income, and those with a chronic disease. Elderly wageworkers showed reduced medical expenditures than nonworking elderly and elderly daytime workers did. Conclusion: The elderly population's work, especially wage work and daytime work, reduced medical expenditures relative to no work. These results provide valuable information for policymakers by indicating that work was associated with lower medical expenditures than no work. If elderly work is to be encouraged, it is necessary to provide a variety of high-quality wage work.