담수조류 그물말로부터 당 용액의 효율적 제조를 위한 가수분해 방법

김진석,김슬기,고은혜,김진철,김진석 한국잔디학회 2013 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.2 No.2

To explore hydrolysis methods for the efficient manufacture of sugar solutions from the freshwater alga Water-net (Hydrodictyon reticulatum, HR), acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, and combined hydrolysis (acid followed by enzymatic hydrolysis) were investigated. In the one-step acid hydrolysis, the reaction of 8% solids content using 2% sulfuric acid at 120oC for 1 hour was desirable. In this case, glucose 27.44 g 100 g DM-1 could be obtained from the HR-d13 samples. In the two-step acid hydrolysis, the primary hydrolysis (HR powder : 72% sulfuric acid = 1 g : 1.5 mL) was carried out for 1 hour at 60oC, and then the secondary hydrolysis was done for 1 hour at 120oC after addition of distilled water 23.5 mL. In this case, glucose 35.11 g/100 g DM could be obtained from the HR-d13 samples. In the combined hydrolysis, 25% solids content using 2% hydrochloric acid were reacted for 1 hour at 120oC, and then citrate buffer and hydrolysis enzyme complexes (E1 1.0 mL+E2 0.2 mL g-1 dried matter) were added and reacted for 1 – 2 days at 50oC. In this case, glucose 33.5 g 100 g DM-1could be obtained from the HR-d23+26 samples. In conclusion, combined hydrolysis was likely to be more useful saccharification method of HR biomass at a practical level, considering the glucose productivity, generation of fermentation-inhibiting substances(hydroxyl methyl furfural, furfural), and limited use of strong acid. 담수조류인 그물말 (Hydrodictyon reticulatum, HR)의 실용적 당화조건 확립을 위해 산 가수분해 방법으로서 onestepacid hydrolysis과 two-step acid hydrolysis, 그리고 산가수분해 후 효소가수분해를 병행하는 combined hydrolysis를 검토하였다. One-step acid hydrolysis의 경우, 120oC에서 HR 4% 고형분을 2% 황산 용액에 넣어 1시간 동안 반응시킬 경우가 적정하였다. Two-step acid hydrolysis의 적정조건은 1차 가수분해시 HR 건조중: 72% 황산을 1 g : 1.5mL로 하여 60oC에서 1시간 반응시킨 다음, 증류수 23.5 mL를첨가하고 120oC에서 1시간 가수분해시키는 것이었다. Combined hydrolysis의 경우, 2% 염산에 25%의 HR 고형분을 넣고 120oC에서 1시간 반응시킨 후, citrate buffer로4% 고형분 함량이 되도록 희석하고 E1+E2 효소를 각각1+0.2 mL g DM-1 수준으로 첨가하여 50oC에서 1~2일 동안 반응시키는 것이 바람직하였다. Glucose 생성량, 발효억제물질(HMF, furfural) 생성량, 강산 사용제한 등을 종합적으로 감안할 때, combined hydolysis가 보다 유용할 것으로 판단되었다.

Overview of Hydrolysis : A Review Part I- Hydrolysis Mechanism

( Kwang-jea Kim ) 한국고무학회 2020 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.55 No.2

The hydrolysis mechanisms as well as the hydrolysis measurement technique and its practical applications in material manufacturing fields are revised. This chapter, Part 1, elaborates the theoretical aspects of the hydrolysis mechanism. Acid-catalyzed and base-catalyzed hydrolysis mechanisms are reviewed. The quantitative analysis method based on the SIM technique using py-GC-MS is reviewed. Examples of hydrolysis of alkoxysilane in elastomer composites currently used in the industry and hydrolysis of amine in plastic composites are shown. Moreover, Part 2 discusses the mechanical property changes in elastomer and plastic composites after hydrolysis.

녹두 가수분해물의 항산화활성에 미치는 열처리 효과

김민영(Min Young Kim),이상훈(Sang Hoon Lee),장귀영(Gwi Yeong Jang),김현영(Hyun Young Kim),우관식(Koan Sik Woo),황인국(In Guk Hwang),이준수(Junsoo Lee),정헌상(Heon Sang Jeong) 한국식품과학회 2013 한국식품과학회지 Vol.45 No.1

본 연구는 전분 및 단백질 함량이 높은 녹두를 산으로 가수분해 시킨 다음 열처리를 통한 항산화 활성의 변화를 조사하였다. 유리당 및 유리아미노산 최대생성 가수분해조건은 6 N 염산으로 2시간 처리조건으로 선정하였으며, 130℃에서 2시간 열처리 한 다음 갈변도, 5-HMF함량, 환원당, 항산화 성분 및 활성을 검토하였다. 갈변도는 가수분해 시키지 않은 열처리에서는 0.17이었지만 가수분해 후 열처리에서 2.31로 최대 값을 나타내었으며, 5-HMF 함량도 산가수분해 시키지 않은 열처리에서는 검출되지 않았지만 가수분해 후 열처리에서 81.61 mg/g로 증가하였다. 환원당은 열처리 전 가수분해만 하였을 경우 190.48 mg/g이었지만 열처리 후 137.34 mg/g으로 감소하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 가수분해 시키지 않은 열처리에서는 8.79 mg/g이었지만 열처리 후에는 55.95 mg/g으로 증가하였다. ABTS 라디칼소거능은 가수분해 시키지 않은 열처리에서는 1.75 mg AA eq/g이었지만 열처리 후에는 22.18 mg AA eq/g으로 증가하였으며, DPPH 라디칼소거능은 0에서 3.644 mg Trolox eq/g으로 증가하였다. This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant activity of mung beans with heat treatment at 130℃ for 2 h after acid hydrolysis. The browning index of heating after hydrolysis was 2.31 whereas heating before hydrolysis was 0.17. 5-hydromethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) content was the highest value of 81.61 mg/g in heating after hydrolysis. The highest total polyphenol content (55.95 mg/g) occurred in heating after hydrolysis and this value was 6.4-fold higher than that of heating before hydrolysis (8.79 mg/g). 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity was the highest value of 22.19 mg AA eq/g sample in heating after hydrolysis whereas heating before hydrolysis was 1.75 mg AA eq/g sample.1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity was the highest value of 3.64 mg Trolox eq/g sample in heating after hydrolysis whereas heating before hydrolysis was not shown. These results suggest that heat treatment of mung beans for increasing the antioxidant activity could be effective after hydrolysis.

Hydrolysis conditions for antioxidant peptides derived from enzymatic hydrolysates of sandfish (Arctoscopus japonicus)

장혜림,신승렬,윤경영 한국식품과학회 2017 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.26 No.5

Sandfish (Arctoscopus japonicus) meat and roe were used as natural materials for the preparation of antioxidant peptides using enzymatic hydrolysis. Meat and roe were hydrolyzed using Alcalase 2.4 L and Collupulin MG, respectively. Optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined through the effects of pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, and hydrolysis time on the radical scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The optimal hydrolysis conditions for meat hydrolysate (MHA) obtained via Alcalase 2.4 L treatment were a pH of 6.0, temperature of 70 °C, enzyme concentration of 5% (w/w), and a hydrolysis time of 3 h. The optimal hydrolysis conditions for roe hydrolysate (RHC) obtained via Collupulin MG treatment were pH 9.0, 60 °C temperature, 5% (w/w) enzyme concentration, and 1 h hydrolysis time. Under the optimal conditions, the DPPH radical scavenging activities of MHA and RHC were 60.04 and 79.65%, respectively. These results provide fundamental data for the production of antioxidant peptides derived from sandfish hydrolysates.

Effects of Ultra High Pressure, Pressing Time and HCl Concentration on Non-thermal Starch Hydrolysis Using Ultra High Pressure

Choi, Hyun-Wook,Lee, Jae-Hwang,Ahn, Soon-Chul,Kim, Byung-Yong,Baik, Moo-Yeol WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Die Stärke Vol.61 No.6

<P>Effects of ultra high pressure (UHP), pressing time and HCI concentration on non thermal starch hydrolysis using ultra high pressure were investigated. As regards ultra high pressure, starch granules maintained their structure up to 450 MPa and were partially disintegrated at 600 MPa. Degree of hydrolysis did not change up to 450 MPa and dramatically increased at 600 MPa indicating that starch hydrolysis increased with increasing destruction of starch granules. Pressing time did not affect the degree of hydrolysis. However, degree of hydrolysis and destruction of starch granules increased with increasing HCI concentration up to 4 M. Gel permeation chromatography showed that the soluble fraction of starch formed by hydrolysis mainly consisted of maltooligomers and maltose. X-ray diffraction pattern changed from A type to C type upon hydrolysis, otherwise it remained as A type. This work provides fundamental information of UHP processing for starch and shows a potential of non-thermal UHP processing for a new starch hydrolysis method.</P>

Microwave-assisted Weak Acid Hydrolysis of Proteins

Seo, Mi-Yeong,Kim, Jin-Hee,Park, Se-Hwan,Lee, Ji-Hye,Kim, Tae-Hee,Lee, Ji-Hyeon,Kim, Jeong-Kwon Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2012 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.3 No.2

Myoglobin was hydrolyzed by microwave-assisted weak acid hydrolysis with 2% formic acid at $37^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, and $100^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. The most effective hydrolysis was observed at $100^{\circ}C$. Hydrolysis products were investigated using matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Most cleavages predominantly occurred at the C-termini of aspartyl residues. For comparison, weak acid hydrolysis was also performed in boiling water for 20, 40, 60, and 120 min. A 60- min weak acid hydrolysis in boiling water yielded similar results as a 60-min microwave-assisted weak acid hydrolysis at $100^{\circ}C$. These results strongly suggest that microwave irradiation has no notable enhancement effect on acid hydrolysis of proteins and that temperature is the major factor that determines the effectiveness of weak acid hydrolysis.

Microwave-assisted Weak Acid Hydrolysis of Proteins

( Miyeong Seo ),( Jinhee Kim ),( Sehwan Park ),( Ji-hye Lee ),( Taehee Kim ),( Jihyeon Lee ),( Jeongkwon Kim ) 한국질량분석학회 2012 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.3 No.2

Myoglobin was hydrolyzed by microwave-assisted weak acid hydrolysis with 2% formic acid at 37 oC, 50 oC, and 100 oC for 1 h. The most effective hydrolysis was observed at 100 oC. Hydrolysis products were investigated using matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Most cleavages predominantly occurred at the C-termini of aspartyl residues. For comparison, weak acid hydrolysis was also performed in boiling water for 20, 40, 60, and 120 min. A 60- min weak acid hydrolysis in boiling water yielded similar results as a 60-min microwave-assisted weak acid hydrolysis at 100 oC. These results strongly suggest that microwave irradiation has no notable enhancement effect on acid hydrolysis of proteins and that temperature is the major factor that determines the effectiveness of weak acid hydrolysis.

Analysis of Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolysis by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Helicase

Woo Hye‐Min,Pyo So‐Hee,Yong-Joo Jeong 대한화학회 2021 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.42 No.4

The purpose of this study is to measure the nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) hydrolysis by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) helicase in the presence of different types of nucleic acids (NAs) for the determination of the optimal condition of hydrolysis activity. The steady-state NTP hydrolysis analysis demonstrated that the MERS-CoV helicase only (and considerably) hydrolyzed the ATP in the presence of poly(U). On the contrary, only UTP was considerably hydrolyzed in the presence of poly(C). When we used the DNAs as a substrate, the single-stranded M13 DNA considerably stimulated the ATP and UTP hydrolysis. However, the ATP hydrolysis was not detected in the presence of ds DNA. The pH-dependent ATP hydrolysis analysis demonstrated that the helicase optimally hydrolyzed ATP at a pH value of 7.0. The ATP hydrolysis was also performed in the presence of four different kinds of divalent cations, which demonstrated that only Mg2+ ions stimulated the ATP hydrolysis activity.

Effect of alkaline hydrolysis on cyclization reaction of PAN nanofibers

Jin, So Yeon,Kim, Min Hee,Jeong, Young Gyu,Yoon, Young Il,Park, Won Ho Elsevier 2017 Materials & Design Vol.124 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning, and the PAN nanofibers were then subjected to alkaline hydrolysis with different treatment times. The alkaline hydrolysis behavior of the PAN nanofibers was investigated with ATR-IR and XPS analyses. The results indicate that the nitrile (CN) groups of PAN were converted into amide (CONH<SUB>2</SUB>) and carboxylic (COOH) groups. The effect of the alkaline hydrolysis on the cyclization of the PAN nanofibers was then investigated using ATR-IR, DSC, and TGA analyses. The functional groups introduced through the hydrolysis of PAN initiated the cyclization reaction at a faster rate, and thus the exothermic cyclization temperature shifted to a lower temperature. In addition, the extent of the stabilization reaction (EOS) of the hydrolyzed PAN nanofibers was higher than that of the PAN nanofibers. It was conclusively demonstrated that the alkaline hydrolysis was effective in improving the cyclization efficiency of the PAN nanofibers.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The PAN nanofibers with functional groups were prepared by electrospinning and alkaline hydrolysis. </LI> <LI> The functional groups introduced through the hydrolysis of PAN accelerated the cyclization reaction. </LI> <LI> The alkaline hydrolysis was effective in improving the stabilization of PAN nanofibers. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Effective Extraction of Antioxidative Compounds from Hizikia fusiformis

Nalin Siriwardhana,허수진,하진환,이기완,김수현,전유진 한국조류학회I 2004 ALGAE Vol.19 No.1

Hizikia fusiformis hydrolysates prepared by five carbohydrases (Viscozyme, Celluclast, AMG, Termamyl and Ultraflo) and five proteases (Protamex, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Flavourzyme and Alcalase) were investigated for their extraction efficacy (yield and total polyphenolic content) and antioxidative activity (DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity). Termamyl and Ultraflo of the carbohydrases and Flavourzyme and Alcalase of proteases were selected by their high efficacy of extraction and antioxidative activity. Selected enzymes were used to investigate the optimum enzymatic reaction time and dosage (enzyme/substrate ratio) suitable for hydrolysis. Optimum reaction time for the enzymatic hydrolysis was 3 days and optimum dosage of hydrolysis was observed as 5%. Simultaneously, Ultraflo of the two carbohydrases and Alcalse of the two proteases were selected as the most effective enzymes. Combination of Ultraflo and Alcalase under optimum hydrolysis conditions could intensify the extraction efficacy of antioxidative materials from H. fusiformis. The hydrolysate obtained by combining the enzymes was separated into four different molecular weight fractions (< 1kD, 1-10 kD, 10-30 kD and > 30 kD) and recorded the polyphenolic content distribution and respective antioxidative ability. The fraction < 1kD was identified as less effective and those fractions > 1kD indicated comparatively higher antioxidative activities related to their polyphenolic content. Key Words: antioxidative carbohydrase, enzymatic hydrolysis, fractionation, Hizikia fusiformis, protease