남자 대학생의 손 씻기 의식과 실천에 관한 연구

김종규,박정영,김중순,Kim, Jong-Gyu,Park, Jeong-Young,Kim, Joong-Soon 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.1

Hand-washing has been recognized as a critical factor in controlling infection and cross-contamination. This study was performed to investigate hygienic behavior of male university students focusing on awareness of hand-washing, their hand washing practices, and the difference between their awareness and practices. Both a self-administered questionnaire survey and a separate direct observation in restrooms were carried out at a university campus over a four week period. In the survey, 93.6% of the responded students claimed to wash their hands after using toilet. However, just 16.9% of the observed students actually did so, according to a separate and unnoticed observational study. Among the observed students who washed their hands, 25.0% of them used soap, only 5.0% of them washed four parts of their hands, and 15.0% of them washed their hands for more than 10 seconds. Paper towel was the most common hand drying method in the direct observation and also in the survey. Significant differences between the questionnaire survey and the direct observation (p<0.0l) were found in hand-washing practices, duration of hand-washing, using soap, washing parts of the hand, and hand-drying method after using the toilet. This study indicates that there is a remarkable difference between the male university students' awareness of hand-washing and their hand-washing practices. This study reveals that there is the need for programs or campaigns to increase hand-washing practices of male university students.

The Effects of Loosely Coupled Hand-Off Operations on Bucket Brigade Order Picking Systems

Soondo Hong,Youngjoo Kim 대한산업공학회 2018 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.17 No.4

Hand-off delays in bucket brigade order picking systems occur when downstream pickers have to wait to receive totes from upstream pickers. This paper introduces a method, termed a loosely coupled hand-off, to reduce waiting delays, and it conducts analytical and simulation studies to identify insights. The loosely coupled hand-off method, which is popular in industry, is preferred by pickers to reduce the expected hand-off delays of downstream pickers. We express the looseness of the hand-off synchronization, i.e., the threshold of the early release, as real number τ ≥ 0. To overcome the throughput reduction, we generalize the looseness from the perspective of a picker’s decision making and throughput improvement and extend the looseness parameter into a practical hand-off framework with measurements including the relative looseness of the hand-off (δ), the increment of work-in-process (WIP) (ω), and the work range of the loosely coupled hand-off (ψ) allowed. We find that the adjusted loosely coupled hand-off framework to balance the hand-off delay reduction and the throughput gains reduces hand-off delay by 30~88% and improves throughput by 2.7~6.4%. In general, to attain the overall system’s throughput improvement, the gains in the hand-off delay require the WIP level and the range adjustments.

배양검사를 통해 확인한 중환자실 직원의 손씻기 효과

정재심,최정화,이순행,김양수 대한기초간호자연과학회 2003 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.5 No.2

The effect of hand hygiene was measured by hand culture before and after hand hygiene for 86 nurses, doctors, and nurses aide/housekeepers in Surgical Intensive Care Unit. The subjects were asked to press their dominant hand in hand-shaped Mannitol salt agar immediately after patient contact and then washed their hand by preferred hand hygiene agents [soap and water, waterless alcohol gel, or 4% chlorhexidine gluconate detergent(CHG)], and cultured one hand again. Amount of isolated microorganism was calculated by counting the number of divided areas(1 x 1cm) which is culture positive in hand culture plate. The amount of microorganisms were significantly reduced from 58.1(±38.59) to 27.4(±30.4) cells after hand hygiene. The staff nurse's hand hygiene was more effective compared to medical doctors and nurses aide/housekeepers. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was isolated in 41(47.1%) subjects ; but only removed 100% in 28(32.2%) subjects. When the amount of hand microorganisms was compared by subject's preferred hand hygiene agents, it was decreased in order of 4% CHG, waterless alcohol solution, soap and water, and water. The hand hygiene practice was inadequate to reduce hand microorganisms and significantly different by occupations. Further research and development of hand hygiene improvement program which emphasize the quality of hand hygiene is recommended.

적외선 영상을 이용한 실시간 손동작 인식 장치 개발

지성철(Seong Cheol Ji),강선우(Sun Woo Kang),김준식(Joon Seek Kim),주효남(Hyonam Joo) 제어로봇시스템학회 2015 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.21 No.12

A camera-based real-time hand posture and gesture recognition system is proposed for controlling various devices inside automobiles. It uses an imaging system composed of a camera with a proper filter and an infrared lighting device to acquire images of hand-motion sequences. Several steps of pre-processing algorithms are applied, followed by a background normalization process before segmenting the hand from the background. The hand posture is determined by first separating the fingers from the main body of the hand and then by finding the relative position of the fingers from the center of the hand. The beginning and ending of the hand motion from the sequence of the acquired images are detected using pre-defined motion rules to start the hand gesture recognition. A set of carefully designed features is computed and extracted from the raw sequence and is fed into a decision tree-like decision rule for determining the hand gesture. Many experiments are performed to verify the system. In this paper, we show the performance results from tests on the 550 sequences of hand motion images collected from five different individuals to cover the variations among many users of the system in a real-time environment. Among them, 539 sequences are correctly recognized, showing a recognition rate of 98%.

조리종사자의 손 씻기 의식과 실천 및 손의 지표미생물 오염도에 관한 연구

박정영,김중순,김종규,Park, Jeong-Yeong,Kim, Joong-Soon,Kim, Jong-Gyu 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.2

Hand-washing is one of the major factors in personal hygiene and public health. This study was undertaken to investigate the hygienic behavior of food-service employees, focusing on awareness of hand washing, hand washing practices, and the load of index microorganisms (aerobic plate count, total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus) on the hands of food-service employees. A questionnaire survey completed by direct interview, direct observation of restrooms by the researcher and trained observers, and microbiological examination according to the Food Code of Korea were carried out. In the survey, a positive attitude toward hand washing compliance was reported; however, improper hand washing and poor hand hygiene of the food-service employees were seen under direct observation. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the questionnaire survey and the direct observations in hand washing compliance after using the toilet, duration of hand washing, use of hand washing agents, use of hand washing tools, washing of different parts of the hands, hand-drying method, temperature of water, and method of turning off the water. Samples taken from employees' hands before washing showed higher levels of bacteria than those taken during work and/or after washing (p<0.05). Poor hand washing practices were indicated by the positive results for total and fecal coliforms, E. coli, and S. aureus on the hands of some food-service employees. This study showed that there is a marked difference between the food-service employees' awareness of hand-washing and their actual hand-washing practices. The poor hand hygiene of and improper hand washing by the food-service employees should be addressed for improved food safety.

손 기능 훈련이 손의 기민성에 미치는 영향

장철 ( Chel Jang ),이제영 ( Je Young Lee ),송민옥 ( Min Ok Song ) 대한통합의학회 2015 대한통합의학회지 Vol.3 No.4

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide the material about the treatment effect of hand function training and writing training being performed as a part of treatment to improve the function of the non-dominant hand of the patients whose dominant hand is damaged and thus need to improve their non-dominant hand``s function. Method : During one month of November, 2013, this study randomly chose five study subjects for hand function training, five for writing training, and ten of control group from 20 normal male and female adults going to K Univ. in Busan. All study subjects fully understood all of the training course, agreed to take the test in this study, and volunteered to participate in the test. Each training was performed five times for two weeks, 30 minutes each time. For measurement, Purdue pegboard was used to look into the change of hand dexterity. To investigate an improvement in hand function through hand function training and writing training, this study conducted early evaluation before training, interim evaluation, and final evaluation. Result : First, according to the comparison of dominant hand dexterity by group and by method during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved dominant hand dexterity more than the control group. Secondly, according to the comparison of non-dominant hand dexterity by group during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved dexterity more than the control group. According to the comparison of non-dominant hand dexterity by method during a training period, there was no big difference in dexterity between the groups of hand function training and of writing training and the control group. But, the group of hand function training showed a further improvement. Thirdly, according to the comparison of both-hand dexterity by group and by method during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved both-hand dexterity more than the control group. Fourthly, according to the comparison of both-hand handling ability by group and by method during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved both-hand handling ability more than the control group. Conclusion : Given the study result, it is considered that hand function training and writing training help brain damaged patients improve their hand function for their daily activity. And it will be meaningful to research brain damaged patients`` motor skills after their brain damage, and the patients who have low abilities of visual perception and cognition. In the future, it will be necessary to secure more study subjects and perform systematic training during a sufficient test period.

Hand Linkage System Formation Using CT Images

Xiaopeng Yang,Hayoung Jung(정하영),Heecheon You(유희천) 대한인간공학회 2021 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

Objective: The aim of this study is to form a hand linkage system using computed tomography (CT) images. Background: A human hand linkage system is widely used in biomechanical modeling and ergonomic design to define hand segments and hand link lengths. However, an inappropriate linkage system is commonly constructed based on bone length data or bony landmark locations. Method: Hand skeletons of 15 male participants were reconstructed from CT images in 10 postures selected from a natural hand-closing motion. The wrist joint center was anatomically estimated as the intersection of the centerline of the metacarpal of the middle finger and the distal wrist crease. The remaining hand joint centers were kinematically estimated based on the relative motion between the distal bone segment and the proximal bone segment of a given joint. A hand linkage system was then formed by connecting the derived joint centers. Results: Fifteen hand linkage systems were generated with different hand sizes. Hand link lengths of different hand segments were calculated for each participant. Regression models for predicting hand link lengths using hand length as the independent variable were established. Furthermore, regression models for predicting the joint center coordinates of the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) and the four finger metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints using hand length or hand breadth were established. Our models showed higher R2 values and lower maximum standard errors than the existing models. Conclusion: With the proposed regression models, practitioners can efficiently establish a hand linkage system, given the hand length and hand breadth. Application: The findings of the present study can be applied to hand models for ergonomic design and biomechanical modeling.

핸드 드라이어의 위생

장제윤 ( Jeyoun Jang ),이종태 ( Jong Tae Lee ) 국군의무사령부 2018 대한군진의학학술지 Vol.49 No.1

Objectives; Paper towels, warm air hand dryers, jet air dryers and cloth towels are the most frequently used means of hand drying in public washrooms. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hygiene of hand dryers in the public washroom and to investigate the changes of total microorganism when using a paper towel or a hand dryer in the process of washing and desiccation the hands and the change of airborne bacteria in the toilet air by using a hand dryer in a general situation. Methods; The three hand dryers in washroom of Armed Forces Medical Research institute were used to assess the bacterial contamination. Bacterial contamination of the warm air hand dryer was evaluated by exposing air flows to petri dishes containing nutrient agar medium in a washroom. Identification of bacterial isolates was performed using conventional methods. Seven volunteers participated in the experiment to observe changes in bacterial colonies according to the drying method. The hands washed in a standardized manner. After hand drying, hand were pressed onto agar media and transfer of residual bacteria. There was significant difference between the after CPU between paper towel, air dryer. Results & Conclusions; Bacteria were found to be relatively numerous in the air flows. Bacterially contaminated air was found to be emitted whenever a warm air dryer was running, even when not being used for hand drying. Hot air from hand dryers can deposit pathogenic bacteria onto the hands and body of users. The risk of this bacteria to the general public not entirely clear, but they can be a risk factor for patients such as immunodeficiency. It is recommended therefore that the use of hand-dryers should be carefully considered on health grounds, especially in sensitive locations such as hospitals, catering establishments and food preparation areas. Guidelines for hygienic management of hand dryers should be provided for safe and hygienic hand dryer use.

보육시설 유형과 종사자 직급에 따른 손의 미생물 오염 및 위생 인식

강주영,이서현,오도경,이영주,김중범 한국식품조리과학회 2019 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.35 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the awareness of hand hygiene and the hygiene status of child-care center worker’s hands. Methods: A total of 500 workers, including 125 directors, 190 teachers and 185 cooks from 125 child-care centers in Jeonnam province, were investigated for their hand hygiene awareness and for the total aerobic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus contamination. Results: As a result of hand hygiene awareness, 492(98.4%) child-care workers recognized that hand washing is important in order to prevent food poisoning and 381(76.2%) workers thought their hands were clean. But, 49(9.8%) of child-care workers don’t exactly know the 6 step hand washing method and 148(29.6%) workers don’t use the 6 step hand washing method. It was shown that continuous training for the 6 step hand washing method was necessary. For the result of analyzing the microbiological contamination of child-care workers’ hands, the average number of total aerobic bacteria and S. aureus was 2.5±0.4 log CFU/hand and 1.5±0.6 log CFU/hand. Conclusion: The risk of food poisoning caused by the child-care center workers’ hands exists. It was deemed mandatory to use disinfectants after hand washing and to wear sanitary gloves when handling food.

손의 기능 해부에 대한 연구

박영한,이효정,Park, Young-Han,Lee, Hyo-Jeong 대한물리치료과학회 2006 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This study about functional anatomy of the hand. hand injuries are among the most common problems confronting patient, physical therapist and physicians. physical therapist should know about normal hand function and anatomical structure for hand injury, clinical reasoning and intervention. physical therapist should know about the Skeletal of the hand, Function of The Hand, Nerves of the hand, Sensation of the Hand, Intrinsic muscle, Power and Balance and Functional Position of the Hand. In this article, we discuss the physiologic properties of hand structure, biomechanical observation in hand function, sensation and nerves, hand positioning.