Research on Hall Sensor Fault Diagnosis and Compensation Method to Improve Motor Control Reliability

Jae-Yong Lee,Dong-Yeol Lee,Myung-Sik Jeong,Dong-Woo Kang Korean Magnetics Society 2018 Journal of Magnetics Vol.23 No.4

In this paper, we study the fault detection algorithm and the fault compensation method in case of hall sensor fault of BLDC motor. In the case of a BLDC motor operating at high speed, the fault of the hall sensor is a very important factor that reduces the reliability of the control. If hall sensor fault occurs, ripple occurs in torque and current output value of BLDC motor. In addition, a phenomenon such as rapid braking of the motor may occur. Therefore, this paper assumes the fault of one or two hall sensors, and studies hall sensor fault detection algorithm and hall sensor fault compensation method. The peak-to-peak interval of the hall sensor signal is stored and the peak-to-peak interval is checked in real time to detect the fault immediately after the hall sensor fault. Unlike existing algorithms, it has higher reliability than existing fault detection algorithms, because it detects faults in real time. When a fault is detected, a signal of a normally operating hall sensor is input to the hall sensor fault compensation circuit. The output of the compensation circuit is a signal whose phase is delayed. The phase difference of each hall sensor signals is 120°. Therefore, the gain of the compensation circuit is appropriately selected to generate a signal for compensating for the fault of the hall sensor. Model and simulate motors, control circuits, and faulty hall sensors using MATLAB Simulink.

홀센서를 사용한 펄스와전류탐상 신호의 수치모델링 및 코일센서 신호와의 특성 비교

신영길(Young Kil Shin) 한국비파괴검사학회 2016 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.36 No.6

펄스와전류탐상에서 탐상 신호는 주로 센서코일에 유도되는 기전력의 시간에 따른 변화를 측정하여 사용되었는데, 최근에는 홀센서(Hall sensor)로 측정한 신호를 사용하는 경우도 많아지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 펄스와전류탐상에서 나타나는 홀센서 신호를 수치적으로 모델링하여 예측하였다. 이를 위해 두께 측정을 위한 탐촉자를 설계하고 먼저 계단입력전류를 사용한 수치해석을 수행하여 홀센서를 사용하였을 경우의 신호를 예측하였다. 또한, 코일을 센서로 사용하였을 경우의 신호도 동시에 계산하였다. 수치모델링 결과로 예측된 홀센서 신호들은 실험 연구를 통해 보고된 신호들과 유사한 형태를 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 피검사체의 두께 변화에 따른 두 신호들의 특성을 분석하고 비교해 본 결과, 홀센서 신호에서는 코일센서 신호에 비해 두께 변화를 판별하기 위한 정보가 더 적게 제공된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 펄스입력전류를 사용한 경우의 탐상 신호들도 계산해 본 결과, 두 신호 모두 사용된 펄스의 폭이 지난 시간에는 계단입력전류를 사용한 경우의 응답이 반대가 되어 감소하는 형태로 나타난다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Pulsed eddy current (PEC) testing signals have typically been obtained from the electromotive force induced in a sensor coil. However, an increasing number of studies have elected to incorporate the Hall plate as a sensor. Thus, accurate numerical modeling of the Hall sensor signal is necessary. In this study, a PEC probe is designed and a numerical modeling program is written so that Hall sensor signals and coil sensor signals can be calculated simultaneously. First, a step current is used as the input current. The predicted Hall sensor signals show similar characteristics to those of the experimental signals reported by other researchers. The characteristics of the two types of signals are then analyzed and compared as the thickness of test object changes. The results show that the Hall sensor signal provides less information for evaluating the thickness of the test object than the coil sensor signal. The response signals from a pulsed input current are also calculated, and it is confirmed that an equivalent reversed signal pattern appeared after the pulse width at both signals.

홀소자와 자기코어를 이용한 하이브리드 및 전기자동차용 전류센서 제작

연교흠(Kyoheum Yeon),김시동(Sidong Kim),손대락(Derac Son) 한국자기학회 2013 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

A current sensor is one of important component which is used for the electrical current measurement during charge and discharge of the battery, and monitoring system of the motor controller in the electric and hybrid vehicle. In this study, we have developed an open loop type current sensor using GaAs Hall sensor and magnetic core has an air gap. The Hall sensor detect magnetic field produced by the current to be measured. The 3 mm air gap core was made by HGO electrical steel sheets after slitting, winding, annealing, molding, and cutting. Developed current sensor shows 0.03 % linearity within DC current range from ?400 A to +400 A. Operating temperature range was extended to the range of ?40~105 oC using temperature compensating electronic circuit. To Improve frequency bandwidth limit due to the air flux of PCB (Printed Circuit Board) and Hall sensor, We employed an air flux compensating loop near Hall sensor or on PCB. Frequency bandwidth of the sensor was 100 kHz when we applied sine wave current of 40 A·turn in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 100 kHz. For the dynamic response time measurement, 5 kHz square wave current of 40 A·turn was applied to the sensor. Response time was calculated time reach to 90 % of saturation value and smaller than 2 μs.

적층형 인덕터를 통한 홀 플레이트 오프셋 제거 기법

임세미,박준석 한국정보통신설비학회 2018 한국정보통신설비학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.08

The hall sensor os a device whose output voltage changes according to the strength of a magnetic field and is widely used in various fields such as automobiles, home appliances, and medical devices. The hall sensor consist of hall plate for converting magnetic fields into electrical signals and analog and digital signal processing units for processing them. Among them, a key function of the analog signal processing part of the hall sensor is to remove the offset generated in tha hall plate, and it is generally removed by applying a spinning-current technique. However, since the spinning-current technique uses many switches, switching noise and harmonics are generated, and the complexity of the signal processor increases the size of the hall sensor. Therefor, this paper proposes the inductor stacked hall plate to cancellation the offset of the hall plate. The proposed hall plate compensate the offset by stacking an inductor on the hall plate to generated a reverse magnetic field. Since the offset is cancellated without any additional circuit, the configuration of hall sensor is simplified, and noise caused by the switch is not generated. The proposed spiral inductor stacked hall plate is fabricated through CMOS 180nm process and it is confirmed that the offset can be removed by generating a reverse magnetic field through the spiral inductor.

하이브리드 자동차용 전류센서의 모델링 및 제어

김진환(Jinhwan Kim),박성만(Sungman Park),김상덕(Sangduck Kim),김성회(Sunghoe Kim),허훈(Hoon Heo) 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In order to improve signal quality of Hall Effect sensor, lot of methods has been tried. One of the main concerns in getting better signal quality is to reduce the noise in sensing system. Nevertheless not much improvement has been achieved. Hall Effect principle is widely being used in many kinds of sensors. Open-loop current sensor utilizing Hall Effect sensor is studied in this paper. Primarily it is necessary to make exact modeling of current sensor for noise reduction of open type Hall effect sensor. In the study, the temperature variation and core characteristic of current sensor are not considered. Generally the basic characteristic of the noise in sensing system is random. Hence in the study a stochastic control technique is implemented to reduce the random noise in open-loop type Hall Effect sensor. Remarkable reduction of random noise in the original noisy signal which is frequently being observed from conventional open-loop type current sensor is demonstrated both in simulation and experiment as well.

자속 차폐벽을 갖는 선형 홀센서 BLDC 모터를 이용한 전기식 조종날개 구동장치의 위치 제어

구정회(Jeong-Hoi Gu),배륜준(Ryun-Jun Bae),최장영(Jang-Young Choi) 대한전기학회 2021 전기학회논문지 Vol.70 No.2

In general, position sensor and velocity sensor are used to design robust controller of the electro-mechanical fin actuator system. However, the use of such a sensor causes problems such as an increase in cost, an additional space for mounting, and a decrease in system reliability due to a sensor failure. To overcome these problems, rotor position sensor of the BLDC motor was replaced with linear type Hall-effect sensor having a magnetic flux shielding wall from the latch type Hall-effect sensor. The conventional position sensor and velocity sensor were removed through a position and velocity implementation algorithm using the analog output of the linear type Hall-effect sensor. In order to prove the validity of the proposed method, various comparison tests were performed with the existing position/velocity sensors. As a result of the test, the method proposed in this paper can obtain the position response similar to the case of applying the conventional position/velocity sensor.

브러시리스 직류전동기의 안전성을 고려한 Hall Sensor 신호 추정 알고리즘 설계

윤용호(Yong-Ho Yoon) 대한전기학회 2016 전기학회논문지 Vol.65 No.11

In this paper, because the position sensor represents the important factor in BLDC (Brushless DC) motor drives, BLDC motor is necessary that the three Hall-sensors evenly be distributed around the stator circumference in case of the 3 phase motor. The Hall-sensor is set up in this motor to detect the main flux from the rotor. So the output signal from Hall-sensor is used to drive IGBT to control the stator winding current. However, in case of breakdown Hall sensor, we research that the estimation algorithm of Hall sensor signal to detect rotor position and for the speed feedback signals with BLDC motor whose six stator and two rotor designed. In addition, this paper presents a sensorless speed control of BLDC Motor using terminal voltage of the one phase. Rotor position information is extracted by indirectly sensing the back EMF from only one of the three terminal voltages for a three-phase BLDC motor.

회전각 검출용 3축 수직 Hall 센서

이지연,남태철,Lee, Ji-Yeon,Nam, Tae-Chul 한국전기전자재료학회 2005 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.18 No.9

A three branches vortical Hall sensor for detecting rotation angle of brushless motor has fabricated. The sensor is constructed three branches of $150{\mu}m$ width and $300{\mu}m$ distance from central electrode to Hall electrode. Each branch has one Hall output and one Hall input. The central electrode acts as common driving input. According to rotation angle change of brushless motor, sensor gives three position signals phase shifted by $120^{\circ}$. The sensitivity of sensor is 200V/A$\cdot$T at magnetic field of 0.1 T and constant driving current of 1mA. It has also showed three sine waves of Hall output voltages with $120^{\circ}$ phase over one motor rotation. The noise can limit sensor's resolution. We have measured sensor's noise characteristics. The detectable minimum magnetic field is $20{\mu}T$ at driving current 1mA, measured frequency 1 kHz and bandwidth$({\Delta}f)$ of 1Hz.

A Study on the Auto Fuel Feeding Control System using Hall Sensor

김규성,조명현,Kim, Gyu-Sung,Cho, Myung-Hyun The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2006 電子工學會論文誌. Journal of the institute of electronics Vol.43 No.3

일반적으로 유체나 연료 공급 장치는 모터를 제어하기 위한 특별한 센서가 필요하고, 센서를 부착하기 위한 보조 장치와 부착하기 위한 공간이 필요하다. 또한 신호선 및 기타 배선 등이 필요하여 어려운 점이 따르게 된다. 본 논문에서는, 불편함과 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 홀센서를 이용한 제어시스템을 제안하였고, 시스템의 제어원리는 모터 동작 단계에 따라 전류흐름에 차이가 발생한다는 것을 이용하였다. 또한 제어 시스템이 우수할 뿐만 아니라 센서 설치에 따른 고장을 줄일 수 있었고, 재료비 및 인건비를 절감할 수 있다. Auto-Pumping 시스템은 Soft-Ware적응용을 통해 모든 유체 공급 시스템에 적용할 수 있으며, 차후에 시스템을 이용한 여러 종류의 장치를 개발할 수 있으리라 본다. Usually, fluid or fuel supply device need space to need special sensor to control motor, attaches with ancillary equipment to attach sensor. Also, difficult point follows need signal line and other circuit etc. In this paper, used that proposed control system that use hall sensor to solve discomfort and problem and difference control principle of system happens in current flow according to motor action step. Also, could reduce breakdown by sensor establishment, reduce material costs and personnel expenses as well as control system superior. Auto-pumping system sees that will can apply, develop several kind of device that use system hereafter to all fluid supply systems through soft-ware adaptation.

홀센서를 이용한 자석의 위치인식 센서 개발

김은주(Eun-Ju Kim),김의선(Eui-Sun Kim),임영철(Young-Cheol Lim) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2011 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.5 No.2

저가의 홀센서를 이용하여 자석의 위치를 인식하는 센서 시스템을 제안하였다. 먼저 모델식을 이용하여 자석에 의한 자기장을 측정하고, 수평 자계와 수직 자계의 특성을 분석하여, 센서의 배치방법을 결정하였다. 자석과 홀센서의 위치 관계에 따라서 측정된 자기장 값으로부터 자석의 위치를 추정하는 알고리즘을 제안하고, 이론적인 오차를 계산하였다. 또한 마이크로 컨트롤러를 사용하여 개발할 때의 단점인 실시간 데이터 확인이 어려운 점을 극복하기 위해서 컴퓨터용 응용 프로그램을 작성하여, 작업의 수월성을 높였다. 계산된 이론적 오차는 0.0025㎝ 이하로 나타났으며 실제로 개발된 시스템의 오차는 0.07㎝ 이하로 측정되어 여러 가지 상황에서 제안한 방법들의 우수성을 입증하였다. This paper presents a sensor system which recognizes the location of a magnet using cheap hall sensor. The proposed methods measure magnetic field from a magnet using model equation, analyze the property of horizontal and vertical magnetic field, and decide the method of sensor arrangement. And, this paper proposes the algorithm which infers the location of a magnet from the measured magnetic field that relates the position between the magnet and the hall sensor, and calculate theoretical error, which is found to be no more than 0.0025㎝. The results actually measured show that the measured error no more than 0.07㎝ and confirm that proposed systems are highly applicable to the various situations.