울릉도 수집 균주의 배양조건에 따른 균사 생장 특성 비교

김민경 ( Minkyeong Kim ),안초롱 ( Chorong Ahn ),김창무 ( Changmu Kim ) 한국균학회 2020 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.48 No.2

The collection of biological data of indigenous species must comply with the Nagoya Protocol. Fungi contain various bioactive substances making them an attractive source of several products, including food and medicines. In this study, we investigated the growth characteristics of five indigenous fungal strains, Fomitiporia punctata, Polyporus ulleungus, P. brumalis, Gymnopus subnudus, and Tyromyces kmetii, isolated from samples collected in the Ulleungdo Island. The growth rates for each strain were assessed across various temperatures (20 ºC to 35 ºC), culture media (Potato dextrose agar, Malt extract & Yeast extract agar, Malt extract agar, Malt extract & peptone agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar, and Modified Melin-Norkrans agar), and pH conditions (4.0 to 8.0). Additionally, we assessed the mycelial growth characteristics in liquid culture. The mycelial growth in different media varied across species; specifically, F. punctata (in MMNA), G subnudus (in MMNA), and P. brumalis (in MEPA) showed rapid growth. Optimal growth temperatures ranged between 25 ºC and 30 ºC for most species, with the exception of T. kmetii and P. brumalis, which were able to grow across all the temperatures tested. P. brumalis showed the best growth rate, whereas P. ulleungus showed the lowest growth potential. The optimal pH conditions for mycelial growth ranged between 4.0 and 5.0. In experiments using culture flasks, the dry weight of the culture filtrates decreased with the increasing incubation time and showed a significant decrease between 1 and 6 months of incubation, indicating that the five strains take longer than a month to fully use the culture media. Our findings highlight and establish the optimal growth conditions for five different fungal species that can be used in future application studies.

천연 활엽수림의 입지유형별 생장 및 생태적 특성을 이용한 산림관리

신만용 ( Man Yong Shin ),이승만 ( Seung Man Lee ),이돈구 ( Don Koo Lee ) 한국산림과학회 2005 한국산림과학회지 Vol.94 No.1

The study was carried out to provide information about growth and ecological characteristics by site types of natural deciduous forest in Pyeongchang, Gangwon Province. The data were collected from tour aspects(the East, the West, the South, and the North) with three elevation(higher than 1,000 m, 700-1,000 m, lower than 700 m) and three topographical conditions(ridge, hill, and valley). Growth parameters by site types were evaluated based on the growth performances of dbh for the last 5 to 10 years; which were also estimated based on both Pressler and Schneider formulae. M addition, ecological characteristics such as Shannon-Wiener`s diversity index, evenness index and richness index were analyzed by site types. The management methods by site types were suggested by considering stand density, growth patterns, and ecological characteristics. It was found that the stands on the South and the East are necessary the tending practices to improve growth and ecological characteristics. On the other hand, the West and the North needed the tending practices focusing on stand density management to increase growth rate rather than ecological management. It was also found That the area lower than 700 m in elevation showed higher growth rate than other areas. As a management standard considered in terms of growth rate, it was suggested that tending practices should be applied to the stands of which growth rate for the last 5 to 10 years were lower than 2%. Considering topographical conditions, valley area showed better ecological characteristics than both ridge and hilly areas. Consequently, it was revealed that the valley areas were suitable for the ecological management.

코로나19와 교사의 성장 경험에 관한 질적 사례연구: Y-성장모델의 적용

김수진,엄문영 한국교원교육학회 2022 한국교원교육연구 Vol.39 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyze what types of growth teachers have experienced while experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic situation, and what would be characteristics of those growths. As a means to this end, a qualitative case study has been conducted by selecting six teachers working at H elementary school belonging to the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education as research participants. Data collection has been conducted through semi-structured interviews for each teacher twice from April to October 2021, and the collected data has been analyzed using a constant comparison method. The analyzed data has been likened to a ‘path’ which is an expression revealing continuous nature of growth, and has presented the growth experiences of elementary school teachers by dividing them into three categories: ‘a path the teacher has followed,’ ‘a path no one has taken,’ and ‘a path to walk together’. As a result of the analysis, it was found that teachers were accepting the COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity for growth and were experiencing growth through classes and relationships with fellow teachers and students. In addition, it was found that teachers showed an aspect of voluntarily pursuing learning while going through the COVID-19 situation, and recognized the nature of growth that they should pursue in the future was not changed despite the wave of COVID-19 pandemic. On the basis of the analysis result, characteristics of growth in teachers’ experience during COVID-19 were discussed, and suggestions were made on ways to support teachers’ growth. 이 연구는 코로나19 상황을 경험하면서 교사가 어떤 성장을 경험하였고, 그 성장의 특징은 무엇인지를 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울특별시교육청 소속 H초등학교에 재직 중인 여섯 명의 교사를 연구 참여자로 선정하여 질적 사례연구를 실시하였다. 자료 수집은 2021년 4월에서 10월 사이에 교사별 각 두 차례의 반구조화된 면담을 통해 이루어졌으며, 수집된 자료는 반복적 비교분석법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 성장의 지속적이고 연속적인 속성을 드러내는 표현인 ‘길’에 비유하였으며, H초등학교 교사의 성장 경험을 크게 ‘교사가 걸어온 길’, ‘아무도 가보지 않은 길’, ‘함께 걸어갈 길’로 구분하여 제시하였다. 분석 결과, 교사들은 코로나19 상황을 성장의 계기로 받아들이고 있었고, 수업을 통해, 그리고 동료 교사 및 아이들과의 관계를 통해 성장을 경험하고 있었다. 또한, 코로나19 상황을 겪으며 교사들은 자발적으로 배움을 추구하는 모습을 보였으며, 코로나19의 파고에도 불구하고 앞으로 교사가 추구해야 할 성장의 본질은 바뀌지 않았다고 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 코로나19 상황에서의 교사 성장의 특징을 논의하였고, 교사 성장을 지원할 수 있는 방안에 대해 제언하였다.

국내 잔디 주 생산지역에서 수집된 한국잔디류의 형태적 특성 및 생육속도

최준수,양근모,오찬진,배은지 한국잔디학회 2012 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.26 No.1

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the morphological characteristics and growth rates of 101 medium-leaf type zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) collected at the major sod production area (Jang Seong Gun) in South Korea. Collected lines with distinctive morphology and visual growth rate were planted in plastic pots and measured morphological characteristics under the plastic house conditions. Variation of leaf width, plant height, leaf angle, length of leaf sheath, trichome, stolon length, and color were measured. Six lines were selected by evaluating growth rates from one hundred one collected lines. Eight standard cultivars and three other superior lines previously collected were compared to 7 selected lines form Jang seong area by checking growth rates and morphological characteristics. Average leaf blade width was 3.4 mm, leaf angle was 45.8 degree, plant height was 21.6 cm, height of lowest leaf was 5.0 cm, and length of leaf blade was 14.1 cm. Ground cover rates of selected lines ‘CY6097’ and ‘CY6069’ were 70% and 68.3%, respectively. These are believed to be faster than 60% ground cover rate of zoysiagrass ‘Anyang’, and also, twice as faster than the 31.7% ground cover rate of Z. matrella. Selected line ‘CY6069’ showed fast growth rate with shorter internode length (5.1 cm) compared to zoysiagrass ‘Anyang’. Based on the results of this study, we could select useful fast growing zoysiagrass breeding lines from the major sod production area (Jang Seong Gun) in Korea. 본 연구는 국내 잔디 주 생산 단지인 전라남도 장성군지역에 재배되고 있는 한국잔디의 형태적 다양성 평가 및상기 지역에서 수집된 잔디의 생육속도 등 이용성을 평가해 보고자 수행되었다. 총 101개 개체를 수집하였다. 수집개체를 온실에 포트 상태로 생육시킨 후 형태적 특성을조사하였다. 형태적 특성으로는 엽폭, 초장, 잎각도, 잎집길이, 털 유무, 포복경 길이, 엽색 등의 변이를 비교하였으며, 특이성 개체 7개를 선발하였다. 생육속도를 조사하기위해 한국잔디 기존 대조품종 8개와 국내 주 생산단지에서수집된 계통 7개 그리고 육종계통 3개를 비교하였다. 장성징역 수집 잔디 101개체의 평균 엽폭은 3.4 mm로 나타났으며, 잎각도는 45.8도, 초장은 21.6 cm, 최하위 엽의 높이는 5.0 cm 그리고 엽장은 14.1 cm의 특성을 보였다. 피복속도 조사결과 CY6097, CY6069 등이 스프리그 식재 5개월 후 각각 70%, 68.3%의 피복률을 나타내었다. 가장 느린 생육속도를 보인 금잔디의 31.7% 대비 약 2배 빠른 피복속도였다. CY6069의 경우는 피복속도가 안양중지 60.0%보다 빠르면서도 마디간 길이가 5.1 cm로 짧게 나타나 고품질 계통으로 가치가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 상기 특성평가를 통해 잔디재배 주 생산단지인 장성 지역에서 생육속도가 빠르며, 고품질의 계통의 대표종을 선발할 수 있었다.

느티나무 종자특성의 지리적 변이와 1년생 유묘의 생장

김인식 ( In Sik Kim ),이주환 ( Joo Hwan Lee ) 한국농림기상학회 2013 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.15 No.4

본 연구는 느티나무 집단의 종자특성 변이에 영향을 미치는 요인과 종자특성이 유묘생장에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 느티나무16개 집단에서 종자를 채취하여 특성을 조사하였으며, 포지에서 1년간 양묘한 후 묘목의 생장을 조사했다. 종자특성과 유묘생장에 영향을 미치는 요인을 구명하고자 조사형질과 종자채취 집단의 지리적기후적 인자와의 상관분석을 실시했다. 종자특성에 대한 분산분석 결과, 모든 측정형질에서 집단 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 지리적 요인과의 상관을 분석한 결과, 종자길이와 종자폭은 위도, 경도, 해발고, 해안으로부터 거리와 정의 상관을 보여준 반면, 종자형상비는 부의 상관을 나타냈다. 기후인자와의 상관을 분석한 결과, 종자길이와 종자폭은 종자채취 집단의 연평균 기온 및 생육기(3~8월)의 평균기온과 부의 상관을 나타냈으며, 종자형상비는 이들과 정의 상관을 보여주었다. 천립중은 지리적요인과 상관이 없었고, 기후인자 중 건조지수와 유의하지만 낮은 정의 상관을 나타냈다. 용적중은 위도, 경도와 낮은 부의 상관을 나타냈으며, 생육기 (3~8월)의 평균 습도와 정의 상관을 나타냈다. 종자충실율은 위도, 경도와 유의한 부의 상관을 보였으며, 건조지수와는 유의한 부의 상관을 나타냈다. 유묘의 생장은 묘고와 근원경 모두 집단 간, 집단 내 가계 간 그리고 가계 내 개체 간에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 묘고와 근원경은 모두 경도 및 생육기(3~8월)평균 습도와 유의한 부의 상관을 나타냈다. 종자특성과 유묘생장의 상관을 분석한 결과, 묘고생장은 종자특성과 상관이 없었으며, 근원경은 천립중 및 용적중과 유의하지만 낮은 부의 상관을 나타냈다. 이러한 점을 볼 때, 느티나무 1년생 유묘의 생장은 종자특성의 영향이 크지 않은 것으로 판단되었다. 전반적으로 볼때, 종자특성과 유묘생장은 집단 간에 유의한 차이가 있었지만, 지리적 또는 기후적 요인과의 상관성이 낮아 그 경향성이 뚜렷하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 1년생 유묘에 대한 분석만으로는 느티나무 집단의 유전적 특성 및 지리적 변이를 정확히 추정하기 어렵다고 판단되며, 추후 산지시험을 통한 조림지 적응성및 생장특성 검정 결과를 토대로 느티나무 집단에 대한 평가가 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다. This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting to seed characteristics and seedling growth of Zelkova serrata. The seeds were collected from sixteen populations of Z. serrata and the seed characteristics (i.e., seed length, width, weight and full seed rate) were measured. We also measured the 1-year-old seedling growth of each population at nursery. All seed characteristics showed significant differences in population level. Seed length and seed width were positively correlated with latitude, longitude, altitude and distance from coast line of sampling site. Seed length and seed width also negatively correlated with annual mean temperature, mean temperature of growing season (Mar.~Oct.). The ratio of seed length/seed width showed inverse trend in case of seed length and seed width. Seed weight/1,000 grains had no correlation with geographic factors but showed negative correlation with annual mean dryness index. Seed weight/L showed negative correlation with latitude and longitude and positive correlation with mean temperature of growing season of sampling site. Full seed rate showed negative correlation with latitude, longitude and annual mean dryness index of sampling site. There were significant differences among populations, among family within population and among individuals within family in seedling growth. Height and diameter of root collar of seedling showed negative correlation with longitude and mean humidity of growing season of sampling site. Height growth of seedlings was not correlated with any seed characteristics but, diameter at root collar showed low negative correlation with seed weight/1,000 grains and seed weight/L. We discussed the implications of the results in view of tree improvement of Z. serrata.

생육밀도가 쪽동백나무 유묘의 물질생산량과 생장특성에 미치는 영향

최정호,이수원,유세걸,오석귀 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2007 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.16 No.3

To provide the basic data essential for developing varieties of broad-leaved tre, the study inves-tigated the utmost growth requirement for the growth characteristic and biomass production in accordancewith planting density of Styrax obassia. The planting density of seedling can be a significant factor in contrib-uting growth of sedling for tre growing in general. While growth of tree acording to 1 m2 planting densityof Styrax obassia2,those low planting density showed decreased tendency with tree height growth while increasing the rot col-lar diameter growth. As similar to the growth characteristic, the biomass production showed significant andstatistic difference in 49 no./m2, showing high volume of biomass production which is 3.12±0.80 g com-pare to other processing section and high figure with T/R ratio which is 1.59. The special trait of photosyn-thetic also showed relatively high photosynthetic rate in 49 no./m2 and 64 no./m2 of Styrax obassia and asthe density increase, photosynthetic efficiency decreased. The plant showed stable and physiological plant-ing pattern, displaying the best photosynthetic rate, which was the final metabolism through reserving properspace in the growth and development environment condition. This obstacle of required space essential forgrowth substantially deteriorated planting and ultimately, it demonstrated lower tendency of photosyntheticrate, which is the highest level of metabolism. 다양한 활엽수 자원의 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 쪽동백나무 유묘의 생육밀도에 따른 물질생산량과 생장특성 등 최적의 생장조건을 조사하였다. 묘목의 생육밀도는 수고생장에 크게 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인이 될 수 있으며, 본 실험 결과 쪽동백나무의 1 m2당 생육 밀도에 따른 묘목의 생장은 49본구에서 간장과 근원직경이 우수한 생장량을 보인반면 생육밀도가 낮은 처리구는 근원직경 생장이 증가하면서 간장생장은 떨어지는 경향을 보였다. 물질생산량 또한 생장 특성과 마찬가지로 1 m2당 49본구 처리구에서 전체 물질생산량이 통계적으로 유의적인 차이를 보이면서 3.12 ± 0.80 g로 다른 처리구보다 높은 물질생산량을 보였고, T/R율에서도 1.59로 나타났다. 생리적 특성으로 광합성률 또한 쪽동백나무의 경우 1 m2당 49/m2 본구와 64/m2 본구에서 상대적으로 높은 광합성률을 보였고 밀도가 높아질수록 광합성 효율이 떨어지는 결과를 나타냈다. 이는 생육 환경조건에서 적절한 공간 확보가 궁극적으로 최종 물질대사 작용인 광합성률 변화에서 최적의 상태를 보이면서 생리적으로 안정된 생장형태를 보이는 것으로 판단되며, 적정 공간의 장애가 실질적인 생장저하를 발생시키고, 궁극적으로 물질대사의 최고 단계인 광합성효율 또한 낮아지는 경향을 나타냈다

Research Articles : Growth and Cultural Characteristics of Ophiocordyceps Longissima Collected in Korea

( Gi Ho Sung ),( Bhushan Shrestha ),( Sang Kuk Han ),( Jae Mo Sung ) 한국균학회 2011 Mycobiology Vol.39 No.2

We investigated the effect of nutritional and environmental factors on Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelial growth. The longest colony diameter was observed on Schizophyllum (mushroom) genetics complete medium plus yeast extract, Schizophyllum (mushroom) genetics minimal medium, and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA); however, malt-extract yeast-extract agar, SDA plus yeast extract, yeast-extract malt-extract peptone dextrose agar, SDA, oatmeal agar, and potato dextrose agar showed higher mycelia density. A temperature of 25˚C was optimum and 7.0 was the optimum pH for mycelial growth. Colony diameter was similar under light and dark conditions. Maltose and yeast extract showed the highest mycelial growth among carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. The effect of mineral salts was less obvious; however, K3PO4 showed slightly better growth than that of the other mineral salts tested. Among all nutrition sources tested, complex organic nitrogen sources such as yeast extract, peptone, and tryptone were best for mycelial growth of O. longissima. Ophiocordyceps longissima composite medium, formulated by adding maltose (2% w/v), yeast extract (1% w/v), and K3PO4 (0.05% w/v) resulted in slightly longer colony diameter. In vitro mycelial O. longissima growth was sustainable and the production of fruiting bodies could be used for commercial purposes in the future.

재무적 특성이 기업성장률에 미치는 영향

이정길(Jeonggil Lee),문승호(Sungho Moon) 한국자료분석학회 2020 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.22 No.6

본 연구에서는 2003~2019년 동안 국내 상장기업을 대상으로 재무적 특성이 성장률에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 국내 상장기업의 매출액 성장률은 기업규모, 업력, 자본집약도, 외국인지분율, 토빈의 Q, 대주주지분율, 영업효율성, 수익성과 같은 변수에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 변수들 가운데 양(+)의 영향을 주는 변수들로는 자본집약도, 외국인지분율, 토빈의 Q, 대주주지분율로 나타났다. 이는 기업의 자본집약도, 외국인지분율, 대주주지분율 등이 기업의 투자와 성장에 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 의미한다. 토빈의 Q 역시, 기업가치에 대한 기대로 투자 등을 자극, 기업의 미래성장에 기여하는 것으로 나타난다. 반면, 기업규모, 영업효율성, 수익성 변수는 기업의 성장률에 음(-)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 기업규모의 경우 일반적인 기대와 일치하는 결과이다. 영업효율성 및 수익성 변수의 경우 일반적인 기대와는 다소 상이하나, 기업의 부정적인 의사결정의 영향을 반영한 것으로 보인다. 그 외 업력이나, 재무적 제약, 유효법인세율 등은 모형에 따라 결과가 다르거나, 유의적인 영향을 주지 아니하였다. 본 연구의 한계는 비재무적 변수에 대한 고려가 이루어지지 않았다는 점과 일부 재무변수들을 자료의 제약으로 인해 활용하지 못했다는 점, 그리고 국내 상장기업으로 분석대상이 제약되는 점 등이 있다. This study analyzed the impact of financial characteristics on growth rates for domestic listed companies between 2003 and 2019. The study found that the growth rate of sales of listed companies in Korea is affected by variables in their financial characteristics such as corporate size, capital intensity, foreign equity ratio, Tobin s Q, major shareholder s share, operating efficiency and profitability. Among the variables, the variables affecting positive impacts were capital-intensity, foreign equity ratio, Tobin s Q and major shareholder s share. This means that corporate capital intensity, foreign equity ratio, and major shareholder shares have a positive impact on corporate investment and growth. Tobin s Q also appears to contribute to the company s future growth by stimulating investment with expectations of corporate value. On the other hand, corporate size, business efficiency and profitability were found to have a negative impact on the growth rate of enterprises. In the case of enterprise size or performance, this is a result consistent with general expectations. Although the business efficiency and profitability variables are somewhat different from general expectations, they seem to reflect the negative effects of the entity s decision-making. Effective tax rates and variables did not significantly affect sales growth. The limitations of this study include that non-financial variables have not been considered, that some financial variables have not been utilized due to data constraints, and that analysis targets are restricted to listed companies in Korea.

성장성과 자본이용효율성에 따른 기업가치평가특성

유성용 대한경영학회 2003 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.16 No.5

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between firms' growth characteristics and the price multipliers of valuation components. This study uses PEER(price-to excess earnings ratio), and EROE(excess return on equity) as identifying variables on the firms' growth characteristics. In order to test the hypothesized relationship, multiple regression models are employed. The empirical tests are based on financial data of some listed-firms in Korean Stock Exchange during the period between 1987 and 1999. Main results from the empirical tests are summaries as follows; First, when firms' growth characteristics are classified by PEER and EROE combination, price multipliers of net book value do not vary among groups, but there are differences in price multipliers of excess earnings among groups. Second, there is a difference in explanatory power of valuation model among the groups classified by firms' growth characteristics.

Effects of vitamin supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics in pigs

Cho, J.H.,Lu, N.,Lindemann, M.D. Elsevier 2017 Livestock science Vol.204 No.-

Three experiments involving a total of 405 crossbred pigs were performed to evaluate the effects of increasing vitamin supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics. A common vitamin premix (VP) that provided adequate amounts of vitamins (4 fat-soluble and 7 B vitamins), was added at varied levels in Exp. 1 and 2. Experiment 1 used 125 weanling pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 7.5 +/- 0.2kg. Dietary treatments were basal diet with 0.00%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.25%, and 0.50% added VP. The experimental diets were fed for 28 d in a single phase. The results demonstrated that average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) linearly increased (P < 0.005) with increasing VP levels during d 14-21, d 21-28, and the overall 28-d period. Experiment 2 used 100 crossbred pigs with initial BW of 49.4 +/- 1.0kg. Dietary treatments were basal diet with 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15% added VP. The experimental diets were fed for 67 d in a single phase. The results showed that the increasing VP levels did not affect growth performance or carcass characteristics of grower to finisher pigs. Experiment 3 was designed to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary supplementation of 5 B vitamins (niacin, riboflavin, folacin, pantothenic acid, and vitamin B<SUB>12</SUB>) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of nursery-finisher pigs. A total of 180 weanling pigs were provided a common diet without supplementation of the test B vitamins until they reached an average BW of 10kg. Then, 155 pigs were selected for allotment. The experimental diets were fed in 3 phases corresponding to 10-20kg, 20-50kg, and 50-105kg of BW, respectively; the 5 B vitamins were provided to be equivalent to 70%, 170%, 270%, 470%, and 870% of the NRC (1988) requirement estimates on a bioavailable basis for each BW phase. The results demonstrated that overall ADG and gain to feed ratio (G:F) increased quadratically (P < 0.05), while overall ADFI tended to increase linearly (P = 0.10) as dietary B vitamins increased. The loin depth, loin eye area, and lean gain improved with increasing B vitamin levels (quadratic, P < 0.05). In summary, increasing supplementation of VP beyond NRC (1988) requirement estimates improved ADG and ADFI of nursery pigs while supplementing a subset of 5 B vitamins improved growth performance and carcass characteristics of grower to finisher pigs.