대학생의 환경호르몬 노출 위험 행위와 우울, 불안, 스트레스의 관계

최명숙(Choi Myung Sook) 사단법인 안전문화포럼 2021 안전문화연구 Vol.- No.14

본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 환경호르몬에 대한 인식, 지식, 환경호르몬(내분비계 장애 물질) 노출 위험 행위와 정신건강 상태(우울, 불안, 스트레스)를 파악하고 그 관계를 확인하는데 있다. 본 연구의 대상자는 S시에 소재한 대학교에 재학 중인 대학생 243명으로 하였으며, 자료수집은 구조화된 설문지로 환경호르몬에 대한 인식과 지식, 환경호르몬 노출 위험 행위, 우울, 불안, 스트레스 척도-21(K-DASS-21)한글판을 사용하였다. 자료 분석은 IBM SPSS Statistics Ver 24를 이용하여, t-test와 ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient로 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 환경호르몬에 대한 인식 정도는 2.79점(점수 범위 1-5)으로 보통 정도인 것으로 나타났다.‘환경호르몬이 사람에게 위험하다고 생각한다’에는 평균 3.63점으로 점수가 가장 높았다. 연구 대상자의 환경호르몬에 대한 지식 정도는 총 30개 문항에 대한 정답률이 58.2%로 환경호르몬에 대한 지식수준이 높지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 환경호르몬 노출 위험 행위 점수는 2.78점(점수 범위 1∼5점)으로 보통 수준이었다. 대상자의 우울 평균 점수는 10.64점으로 가벼운 우울 상태, 불안 평균 점수는 8.72점으로 가벼운 불안, 스트레스 평균 점수는 12.01점으로 정상 범위였다. 환경호르몬 노출 위험 행위는 우울, 불안, 스트레스와 유의한 정적 상관관계가 있었다. 따라서 환경호르몬 노출 위험 행위를 많이 할수록 우울, 불안, 스트레스 증상을 많이 호소하는 것으로 나타났다. 환경호르몬 노출 위험 행위는 스트레스 정도 5단계에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 우울, 불안의 5단계에 따른 환경호르몬 노출 위험 행위에는 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 항목별로 환경호르몬 노출 위험 행위에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 환경호르몬 노출 위험 행위에 따라 우울, 불안, 스트레스 증상에 차이가 있어, 환경호르몬 노출 위험 행위를 줄일 수 있는 프로그램개발 및 적용이 필요하다. The purpose of this study is to identify and confirm the relationship between university students awareness, knowledge, and risk behavior of exposure to environmental hormones (endocrine disruptors) and their mental health status (depression, anxiety, and stress). The subjects of this study were 243 university students enrolled at a university located in S city. Data collection was a structured questionnaire using awareness and knowledge of endocrine disruptors, risk behavior of exposure to endocrine disruptors, Korean version of depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (K-DASS-21). Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics Ver 24, with t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The study results are as follows. The degree of awareness of endocrine disruptors hormones was 2.79 points (score range of 1-5), which was found to be moderate. When asked, I think environmental hormones(endocrine disruptors) are dangerous to humans, the highest score was 3.63 out of 5. As for the degree of knowledge of endocrine disruptors of the study subjects, the correct answer rate for a total of 30 questions was 58.2%, and the level of knowledge of endocrine disruptors was not high. The environmental hormone(endocrine disruptors) exposure risk behavior score was 2.78 points (score range 1 to 5 points). The average score of the subject s depression was 10.64, indicating a mild depressive state, and the average score of anxiety was 8.72, and the average score of mild anxiety and stress was 12.01, which was within the normal range. Behaviors at risk of exposure to endocrine disruptors were significantly positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Therefore, it was found that the more risky behaviors exposed to endocrine disruptors, the more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were reported. There was a significant difference in the risk behavior of exposure to endocrine disruptors according to the five levels of stress. There was no significant difference in the risk behavior of exposure to endocrine disruptors according to the five stages of depression and anxiety, but there was a difference in the risk behavior of exposure to environmental hormones by item. It is necessary to develop and apply a program to reduce the risk of exposure to endocrine disruptors, as the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress vary according to risky behaviors exposed to endocrine disruptors.

내분비계 장애물질에 관한 초등학생의 지식, 인식, 노출저감화 행동 및 교육요구 수준 연구 - 수도권지역을 중심으로 -

강혜영,이상원 한국실과교육학회 2016 한국실과교육학회지 Vol.29 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the elementary school students' knowledge, recognition, exposure reduction behavior and educational demand level on endocrine disruptors. The data were collected from 481 students in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province(Gwangmyeong, Hanam and Gwangju City). Frequencies analysis, t test and chi-square test were conducted by using i-STATistics program. The results of this study are as follows. The knowledge and recognition level on endocrine disruptors of elementary school students was found low generally. And the level of the 6th graders was higher than that of the 5th graders. The group who had endocrine disruptors related to the education experience was higher than the group who did not have the experience in the knowledge and recognition level on endocrine disruptor. The level of interest and availability of information acquisition/ understanding appeared to be average. The educational demand level on endocrine disruptors was found to be above average. The top of the about curiosity on endocrine disruptors was the meaning of endocrine disruptors product contents, and problem solution follows. The preference of learning method was field trip, watching cartoon and experiments. The exposure reduction behavior level on endocrine disruptors appeared to be satisfactory. Although the 6th grade students showed higher level of knowledge, the exposure education behavior level was higher in the 5th grade students. This shows antithetical result that as the grade gets higher in the knowledge, the level gets higher but the exposure reduction behavior level gets lower. In conclusions, the education on endocrine disruptors in elementary school need to be deployed to raise the level of exposure reduction action rather than the knowledge and to practice in daily life through providing educational opportunities of endocrine disruptors. 본 연구는 서울 및 경기도에 소재한 초등학교 5․6학년 학생들의 내분비계 장애물질에 대한 지식․인식․노출저감화 행동 및 교육요구 수준을 조사함으로써, 초등교육과정에 있어서 내분비계 장애물질에 대한 교육의 필요성을 제고하여 초등환경교육의 방향을 제시하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 분석된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등학생의 내분비계 장애물질에 대한 지식과 인식 수준은 대체적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 5학년보다 6학년의 지식 및 인식 수준이 높았고, 내분비계 장애물질 관련 교육경험이 있는 집단이 경험이 없는 집단보다 지식과 인식 수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 내분비계 장애물질에 대한 관심수준․정보획득 용이도․정보이해 용이도는 평균 수준 이하였으며, 위험에 대한 인식 및 불안수준은 평균 수준으로 나타났다. 셋째, 초등학생의 내분비계 장애물질에 대한 교육요구 수준은 보통 이상의 수준으로 나타났다. 내분비계 장애물질에 대해 가장 궁금한 것으로 내분비계 장애물질의 뜻, 들어있는 제품, 문제해결 방법의 순이었고, 배우고 싶은 학습방법으로는 체험학습, 만화시청, 실험의 순으로 나타났다. 넷째, 초등학생의 내분비계 장애물질에 대한 노출저감화 행동수준은 대체적으로 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 초등학교에서의 내분비계 장애물질에 관한 교육기회를 제공해야할 뿐만 아니라 지식이 일상생활에서 실천으로 이어질 수 있도록 지식 중심이 아닌 노출저감화 행동수준을 높이기 위한 교육으로 전개될 필요성이 있다고 할 수 있다.

Effects of an action-guided intervention on optimistic bias and protective behaviors regarding endocrine disruptors in young women

SoMi Park,ChaeWeon Chung 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Aims: This study examined the effects of an action-guided intervention on reducing optimistic bias about reproductive health risks related to endocrine disruptors and improving protective behaviors against endocrine disruptors. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent comparison group was used with a pretest and double posttest. A convenience sample of 139 young adult women was recruited through social network services from May to June 2020. Unmarried women aged 20-29 years with a regular menstrual cycle and no present illness were included. They were sequentially numbered, and those with odd and even numbers were assigned to the experimental (n=69) or control (n=70) group, respectively. An action-guided intervention based on the knowledge-to-action framework of Graham et al. was administered by one nurse interventionist. A 60-minute online education session and a 30-minute booster session were provided to seven small groups, while the comparison group received a leaflet. Data were collected via email at baseline and at 4 and 12 weeks post-intervention. Descriptive statistics, repeated-measures ANOVA, and the McNemar test were conducted. Results: A significant difference was found in protective behaviors between the groups (F=81.21, p<.001), the effects remained consistent over time (F=59.96, p<.001), and there was an interaction effect of group and time (F=41.26, p<.001). However, the proportion of women with optimistic bias about reproductive health risks related to endocrine disruptors was only significantly lower in the experimental group than in the comparison group at 12 weeks post-intervention (χ2=33.55, p=.031). Conclusions: The action-guided intervention was effective in improving protective behaviors against endocrine disruptors by providing information on specific sources of endocrine disruptors and their health consequences, as well as detailed behavioral strategies. Optimistic bias takes more effort to change; thus, accurate knowledge and information should be provided to women to build realistic awareness of the health risks of endocrine disruptors.

Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals: Review of Toxicological Mechanisms Using Molecular Pathway Analysis

Oneyeol Yang,Hye Lim Kim,Jong-Il Weon,서영록 대한암예방학회 2015 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.20 No.1

Endocrine disruptors are known to cause harmful effects to humanthrough various exposure routes. These chemicals mainly appear to interfere with the endocrine or hormone systems. As importantly, numerous studies have demonstrated that the accumulation of endocrine disruptors can induce fatal disorders including obesity and cancer. Using diverse biological tools, the potential molecular mechanisms related with these diseases by exposure of endocrine disruptors. Recently, pathway analysis, a bioinformatics tool, is being widely used to predict the potential mechanism or biological network of certain chemicals. In this review, we initially summarize the major molecular mechanisms involved in the induction of the above mentioned diseases by endocrine disruptors. Additionally, we provide the potential markers and signaling mechanisms discovered via pathway analysis under exposure to representative endocrine disruptors, bisphenol, diethylhexylphthalate, and nonylphenol. The review emphasizes the importance of pathway analysis using bioinformatics to finding the specific mechanisms of toxic chemicals, including endocrine disruptors.

Effects of Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors and Social Support from Peers on Clinical Practice Stress in Nursing Students with Premenstrual Syndrome

Hong, Sehoon,Lee, Juyeon 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Aim(s): This study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to endocrine disruptors and social support from peers on clinical practice stress in nursing students with premenstrual syndrome. Method(s): This descriptive correlational study was conducted among 101 nursing students with premenstrual syndrome. The participants answered self-report questionnaires. Exposure to endocrine disruptors was measured using a validated tool of endocrine exposure reduction behavior measurement. The data were analyzed using the t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression in IBM SPSS version 23.0. Result(s): The mean scores for exposure to endocrine disruptors, social support from peers, and clinical practice stress were 2.24±0.36 (1~5), 4.19±0.62 (1~5), and 2.43±0.56 (1~5), respectively. Clinical practice stress positively correlated with exposure to endocrine disruptors (r= .23, p=.022) and negatively correlated with social support from peers (r= -.27, p=.007). The explanatory power of the model was 17.9%, and it was statistically significant (F=8.25, p<.001). Social support from peers (β= -.32, p<.001) was the most powerful variable affecting clinical practice stress, followed by grade (β= .27, p=.005) and exposure to endocrine disruptors (β= .20, p=.030). Conclusion(s): To reduce clinical practice stress among nursing students with premenstrual syndrome, it is necessary to improve their social support from peers and avoid exposure to endocrine disruptors. This study will provide fundamental information on programming and a policy proposal related to clinical practice stress for nursing students with premenstrual syndrome.

서울 경기지역 고등학교의 학생과 과학 교사의 내분비계 장애 물질(환경 호르몬)에 대한 인식 조사

최수연,심규철,여성희,소금현 한국환경교육학회 2006 環境 敎育 Vol.19 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cognition of high school students and science teachers on the endocrine disruptors. Subjects of this study were 204 high school students and 26 science teachers. The results were as follows. Students obtained informations about endocrine disruptors mainly through mass media like TV, radio or lesson in school. Most of them were interested in endocrine disruptors and they thought that endocrine disruptors were very dangerous for people. And they preferred learning materials such as movies, images, and animations, but they didn't want to participate in activity of education on endocrine disruptors actively. Science teachers has agreed to needs of education on endocrine disruptors and has required education programs such as movies, images or animations for effective endocrine disruptors education.

중․고등학생의 환경호르몬에 대한 인식도, 정보획득 행동,지식, 노출저감화 행동 및 교육요구도에 관한 연구

김미라,김효정 한국가정과교육학회 2009 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.21 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of recognition, information acquisition behavior, level of knowledge, level of behaviors to decrease exposure, and education need towards endocrine disruptors of middle and high school students. The data were collected from 180 middle and high school students in Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Daegu, Busan and Gwangju. Frequencies, Cronbach's alpha, t tests, analysis of variance, Duncan's multiple range tests, and chi-square tests were carried out by SPSS WINDOWS Version 14.0. The results of this study were as follows. The level of concerns about endocrine disruptors was somewhat low. Many respondents obtained information about endocrine disruptors from TV/radio and school, and wanted to get the information from school and TV/radio. Both the level of knowledge and the level of behaviors to decrease exposure were not particularly high. In addition, they showed high level of education need for endocrine disruptors. 본 연구는 중ㆍ고등학생을 대상으로 한 환경호르몬에 대한 교육방향을 설정하고 교육내용을 구성하는데 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 환경호르몬에 대한 인식도, 정보획득 행동, 지식, 행동, 교육요구도에 대해 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 자료는 서울, 인천, 대전, 대구, 부산, 광주 등 대도시에 거주하는 중학생 및 고등학생 180명으로부터 수집되었다. 본 연구의 자료는 SPSS WINDOWS Version 14.0으로 분석되었으며, 빈도분석, Cronbach's alpha, t 분석, 일원분산분석, Duncan의 다중범위분석, χ2 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구결과, 첫째, 중ㆍ고등학생의 환경호르몬에 대한 관심도는 별로 높지 않은 것으로 나타났고 대다수의 응답자들이 환경호르몬이 사람에게 위험을 주는 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 둘째, 환경호르몬에 대한 정보는 ‘텔레비전, 라디오’로부터 가장 많이 얻고 있었으나 환경호르몬에 대한 정보를 획득하거나 획득한 정보를 이해하는 것이 쉽지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 ‘학교’ 및 ‘텔레비전, 라디오’로부터 환경호르몬에 대한 정보를 획득하는 것을 선호하고 있었다. 셋째, 환경호르몬에 대한 지식 수준과 노출저감화에 대한 행동 수준은 높지 않았으며, 환경호르몬 노출을 줄이기 위한 행동 수준은 지식 수준에 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 환경호르몬에 대한 교육 필요성 인식도는 매우 높은 편이었고, ‘환경호르몬 피해 예방법’, ‘환경호르몬 방출물질 또는 오염물질’, ‘환경호르몬의 위해성’ 순으로 교육내용 요구도가 높았다.

영 · 유아 어머니의 환경호르몬 노출위험행위 관련요인

김수경 ( Kim Su Kyung ),박소미 ( Park Somi ) 여성건강간호학회 2017 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with behaviors of mothers that expose their infants to endocrine disruptors. The PROCEED model was used as a theoretical basis for the study. Methods: This correlational study included 120 mothers with infants between the ages of 1 month to 36 months. Participants were recruited through the maternal community web-site of mothers of infants in W city. Results: There was a significant negative correlation among experience of mothers who had participated in environmentally friendly activities, the health status of the infants perceived by the mother, and behaviors of mothers that exposed infants to endocrine disruptors. The factors based on PROCEED model explained 15.3% of the behaviors by mothers that exposed infants to endocrine disruptors. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop and provide educational programs that include detailed information on relationship of endocrine disruptors to children’s health.

Assessment of In Vitro Assay System for Thyroid Hormone Disruptors Using Rat Pituitary GH₃ Cells

Kim, Hee-Jin,Park, Hae-Young,Kim, Jeong-A,Kang, Il-Hyun,Kim, Tae-Sung,Han, Soon-Young,Kang, Tae-Seok,Park, Kui-Lea,Kim, Hyung-Sik Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2006 Toxicological Research Vol.22 No.4

The development of in vitro assays has been recommended to screening and testing the potential endocrine disruptors (EDs). These assay systems focus only on identifying the estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity of EDs, whereas a few studies have been carried out to screen the thyroid hormone (TH) disruptors. The aim of this study was to evaluate a test system to detect TH disruptors using rat pituitary tumor $GH_3$ cells. The test system is based on the TH-dependent increase in growth rate. As expected, L-3,5,3-triiodothyronine ($(T_3)$ markedly induced a morphological change in $GH_3$ cells from flattened fibroblastic types to rounded or spindle-shaped types. $T_3$ stimulated $GH_3$ cell growth in a dose-dependent manner with the maximum growth-stimulating effect being observed at a concentration $1{\times}10^9M$. In addition, $T_3$ increased the release of growth hormone and prolactin into the medium of the $GH_3$ cells culture. Using this assay system, the TH-disrupting activities of bisphenol A (BPA) and its related compounds were examined. BPA, dimethy/bisphenol A (DMBPA), and TCI-EP significantly enhanced the growth of $GH_3$ cells in the range of $1{\times}10^{-5}M\;to\;1{\times}10^{-6}M$ concentrations. In conclusion, this in vitro assay system might be useful for identifying potential TH disruptors. However, this method will require further evaluation and standardization before it can be used as a broad-based screening tool.

Assessment of In Vitro Assay System for Thyroid Hormone Disruptors Using Rat Pituitary GH₃ Cells

Hee Jin Kim,Hae Young Park,Jeonga Kim,Il Hyun Kang,Tae Sung Kim,Soon Young Han,Tae Seok Kang,Kui Lea Park,Hyung Sik Kim 한국독성학회 2006 Toxicological Research Vol.22 No.4

The development of in vitro assays has been recommended to screening and testing the potential endocrine disruptors (EDs). These assay systems focus only on identifying the estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity of EDs, whereas a few studies have been carried out to screen the thyroid hormone (TH) disruptors. The aim of this study was to evaluate a test system to detect TH disruptors using rat pituitary tumor GH₃ cells. The test system is based on the TH-dependent increase in growth rate. As expected, L-3,5,3-triiodothyronine (T₃) markedly induced a morphological change in GH₃ cells from flattened fibroblastic types to rounded or spindle-shaped types. T₃ stimulated GH₃ cell growth in a dose-dependent manner with the maximum growth-stimulating effect being observed at a concentration 1 × 10? M. In addition, T₃ increased the release of growth hormone and prolactin into the medium of the GH₃ cells culture. Using this assay system, the TH-disrupting activities of bisphenol A (BPA) and its related compounds were examined. BPA, dimethylbisphenol A (DMBPA), and TCI-EP significantly enhanced the growth of GH₃ cells in the range of 1 × 10??M to 1 × 10?? M concentrations. In conclusion, this in vitro assay system might be useful for identifying potential TH disruptors. However, this method will require further evaluation and standardization before it can be used as a broad-based screening tool.