A Study on Main Problems of Electronic Commerce in China

박은옥,신건훈 한국무역상무학회 2012 貿易商務硏究 Vol.56 No.-

China draws lots of attention from many multinational corporations all over the world as one of the biggest market in the world. Due to the huge territory and explosive population, it is considered that China has endless potentiality. Moreover, since China joined the WTO, China opens its market, developing the policies for opening of its market. Based on the enormous purchasing power, China gets another attention in industry of electronic commerce. With the development and expansion of information technologies, China's electronic commerce has rapidly developed. Since the market of electronic commerce in China is in the developing stage, there is still a big market for electronic commerce and also Chinese government has made much effort in order to develop the industry of electronic commerce. However, in spite of these circumstances, the Chinese electronic commerce industry is far behind the developed countries. There could be many reasons for slow development in industry of electronic commerce and the main purpose of this paper is to discuss these reasons. First of all, the current status of electronic commerce industry in China will be analysed, and then, main problems of electronic commerce industry will be discussed in order to find out the reasons why the industry of electronic commerce cannot develop as much as it is anticipated. It is expected that this paper can contribute to understanding electronic commerce industry in China, and it will be helpful for companies which have a plan to extend their businesses in China.

釜山地域 輸出企業의 電子商去來 活用實態에 관한 考察

吳鉉順,尹光云 한국통상정보학회 1999 통상정보연구 Vol.1 No.1

As we increase installing computers, traditional commerce by paper document is replaced by Electronic Commerce, paperless document commerce. Electronic Commerce proves to be and intermediary for increasing efficiency on work, which makes us use it more. This study aims to contribute to streamline local export by analyzing trade firms and manufacturers' using status of Electronic Commerce on work in Pusan. I sent questionnaires to 202 firms working on trade in Pusan to do survey. The sample of this study consists of 96 of them. I analyze using status of Electronic Commerce on work based on those data. The result shows that the more he firms install facility to be able for Electronic Commerce and the better they understand Electronic Commerce related laws, the more they select that on work. Generally The firms in Pusan rarely select Electronic Commerce on work and even acknowledges how much that is needed on work. Considering all of them, this study shows the methods of streamlining local export by Electronic Commerce as follows; First, all kinds of Electronic Commerce such as trade related site in Internet should be systemized. Second, the laws on Electronic Commerce should be established in details. Third, works on firms should be educated on Electronic Commerce. Forth, the firms should install the facility for Electronic Commerce, assist financially and make marketing strategy for selecting Electronic Commerce on each step in work. In conclusion, export in Pusan would be streamlined when the use of Electronic Commerce, effective intermediary, is motivated and we take that method to use on work properly.

A Study on Main Problems of Electronic Commerce in China

Park,Eun Ok,Shin,Gun Hoon 한국무역상무학회 2012 貿易商務硏究 Vol.56 No.-

China draws lots of attention from many multinational corporations all over the world as one of the biggest market in the world. Due to the huge territory and explosive population, it is considered that China has endless potentiality. Moreover, since China joined the WTO, China opens its market, developing the policies for opening of its market. Based on the enormous purchasing power, China gets another attention in industry of electronic commerce. With the development and expansion of information technologies, China's electronic commerce has rapidly developed. Since the market of electronic commerce in China is in the developing stage, there is still a big market for electronic commerce and also Chinese government has made much effort in order to develop the industry of electronic commerce. However, in spite of these circumstances, the Chinese electronic commerce industry is far behind the developed countries. There could be many reasons for slow development in industry of electronic commerce and the main purpose of this paper is to discuss these reasons. First of all, the current status of electronic commerce industry in China will be analysed, and then, main problems of electronic commerce industry will be discussed in order to find out the reasons why the industry of electronic commerce cannot develop as much as it is anticipated. It is expected that this paper can contribute to understanding electronic commerce industry in China, and it will be helpful for companies which have a plan to extend their businesses in China.

A Study on Main Problems of Electronic Commerce in China

Park, Eun Ok,Shin, Gun Hoon The Korean Research Institute of International Com 2012 貿易商務硏究 Vol.56 No.-

China draws lots of attention from many multinational corporations all over the world as one of the biggest market in the world. Due to the huge territory and explosive population, it is considered that China has endless potentiality. Moreover, since China joined the WTO, China opens its market, developing the policies for opening of its market. Based on the enormous purchasing power, China gets another attention in industry of electronic commerce. With the development and expansion of information technologies, China's electronic commerce has rapidly developed. Since the market of electronic commerce in China is in the developing stage, there is still a big market for electronic commerce and also Chinese government has made much effort in order to develop the industry of electronic commerce. However, in spite of these circumstances, the Chinese electronic commerce industry is far behind the developed countries. There could be many reasons for slow development in industry of electronic commerce and the main purpose of this paper is to discuss these reasons. First of all, the current status of electronic commerce industry in China will be analysed, and then, main problems of electronic commerce industry will be discussed in order to find out the reasons why the industry of electronic commerce cannot develop as much as it is anticipated. It is expected that this paper can contribute to understanding electronic commerce industry in China, and it will be helpful for companies which have a plan to extend their businesses in China.

국내 전자상거래 요소기술 수준과 전략적 중요도 분석

김창수 대한경영학회 2003 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.16 No.5

Electronic commerce (EC) is now the preeminent driver of economic growth and social change. Information technologies such as the Internet and telecommunication are one of the major enablers in the shaping process of global electronic commerce. That is, current electronic commerce technologies provide effective searches, payment, security and privacy, increasing networkability between products, services and processes, reducing transaction costs, interacting with a global range of customers and business partners, and increasing competitiveness.* Professor, Division of Information Management, Tongmyung University of Information Technology The objective of this study is to develop a model for classifying electronic commerce technologies and to analyze the level of each EC technology that is closely related to e-business. That is, a classification model for EC technologies consists of three categories: basic technology, base technology, and application technology. This can play a role as a model in comparing the relative importance of each electronic commerce technology, and in classifying EC technologies into three hierarchical categories. Based on the EC technology classification model, we have analyzed the technology life-cycle, the technology level of Korea, the applicability of EC technology, economic efficiency of the technology, the urgency level of the technology development, and the development strategy of EC technologies. This study is the first attempt to classify electronic commerce technologies and analyze them according to the technology life cycle. Thus, this research will act as a trigger in facilitating the diffusion of electronic commerce in Korea. The results of this paper can be used as basic materials in establishing EC technology policy at the national level. A business firm can consider research findings of this study in planning for EC technology adoption and development. Finally, this paper will provide useful insights for further research related to electronic commerce. Electronic commerce (EC) is now the preeminent driver of economic growth and social change. Information technologies such as the Internet and telecommunication are one of the major enablers in the shaping process of global electronic commerce. That is, current electronic commerce technologies provide effective searches, payment, security and privacy, increasing networkability between products, services and processes, reducing transaction costs, interacting with a global range of customers and business partners, and increasing competitiveness.* Professor, Division of Information Management, Tongmyung University of Information Technology The objective of this study is to develop a model for classifying electronic commerce technologies and to analyze the level of each EC technology that is closely related to e-business. That is, a classification model for EC technologies consists of three categories: basic technology, base technology, and application technology. This can play a role as a model in comparing the relative importance of each electronic commerce technology, and in classifying EC technologies into three hierarchical categories. Based on the EC technology classification model, we have analyzed the technology life-cycle, the technology level of Korea, the applicability of EC technology, economic efficiency of the technology, the urgency level of the technology development, and the development strategy of EC technologies. This study is the first attempt to classify electronic commerce technologies and analyze them according to the technology life cycle. Thus, this research will act as a trigger in facilitating the diffusion of electronic commerce in Korea. The results of this paper can be used as basic materials in establishing EC technology policy at the national level. A business firm can consider research findings of this study in planning for EC technology adoption and development. Finally, this paper will provide useful insights for further research related to electronic commerce

전자상거래 맞춤서비스에서 고객지식, 서비스편리성, 명성의 고객구매의도에 대한 영향 연구: 고객의 지각된 위험에 초점

조성의 한국기업경영학회 2013 기업경영연구 Vol.20 No.5

In this study, three independent and a mediating factors affecting customer purchase intention in customized services in electronic commerce were extracted and the relationships among factors were examined. Three factors of 1) customer knowledge, 2) service convenience, and 3) firm and brand reputation in electronic commerce were incorporated as independent factors. In addition, customer perceived risks and purchase intention in transactions of customized services in electronic commerce were adopted as mediating and dependent factors. Research hypotheses in this study were established focusing on the relationships among selected independent, mediating and dependent factors as belows. H1: Customer knowledge on customized services will affect decreasing customer perceived risks in customized services in electronic commerce. H2: Customer knowledge on customized services will affect increasing customer purchase intention in customized services in electronic commerce. H3: Degree of service convenience will affect decreasing customer perceived risks in customized services in electronic commerce. H4: Degree of service convenience will affect increasing customer purchase intention in customized services in electronic commerce. H5: Firm and brand reputation will affect decreasing customer perceived risks in customized services in electronic commerce. H6: Firm and brand reputations will affect increasing customer purchase intention in customized services in electronic commerce. H7: Customer perceived risks will affect decreasing customer purchase intention in customized services in electronic commerce. From the research results, two independent factors of customer knowledge and reputation significantly affected customer perceived risks and purchase intention in customized services in electronic commerce, and service convenience significantly affected customer purchase intention directly. In addition, the factor of customer perceived risks did a role as mediating factor partially between independent factors and customer purchase intention. Therefore, managers and strategy establishers in customized services need to consider customer knowledge, service convenience, and reputation to improve customer perceived risks and increase customer purchase intention in electronic commerce. In this study, data for analysis were collected through customer surveys and statistically analyzed through exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. 본 연구는 전자상거래 맞춤서비스에서 고객구매의도에 대한 영향요인을 고객의 지각된 위험에 초점을 두고 파악해 보았다. 독립변수요인으로는 제품과 서비스 및 거래과정에 대한 고객의 지식, 서비스편리성, 기업과 브랜드 명성 등이 도입되었다. 종속변수요인으로는 고객구매의도, 그리고 매개변수요인으로는 맞춤거래 에서 고객이 지각하는 위험 요인이 도입되었다. 연구는 주요 고객그룹에 대한 설문조사와 수집된 자료에 대한 구조방정식모형 분석을 통해 이루어졌다. 연구결과, 고객의 지식은 지각된 위험과 고객구매의도에 모두 유의한 영향을 주는 중요한 변수인 것으로 나타났다. 서비스편리성은 지각된 위험에는 유의한 영향을 주지 않으나 고객구매의도에는 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며 기업과 브랜드 명성은 지각된 위험에는 유의한 영향을 주지만 고객구매의도에는 유의한 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 연구결과는 맞춤서비스가 전자상거래 에서 활성화되기 위해서는 서비스편리성이나 기업의 명성도 중요하지만 우선 고객이 맞춤 제품과 서비스, 그리고 그 거래과정에 대한 적절한 수준의 지식을 갖도록 할 필요가 있다는 점을 시사해 주고 있다. 반면에 전자 상거래에서 중요한 요소로 인식되고 있는 제품과 서비스 여부, 맞춤의 수준, 가격대 등은 위계적 회귀분석 결과 예상과 달리 고객구매의도에 의미가 있는 유의한 영향을 주지는 않는 것으로 확인되었다.

전자상거래 분야에서의 소비자보호에 관한 법률 상호간의 정합성에 관한 연구 : 전자문서 및 전자거래기본법과 전자상거래소비자보호법을 중심으로

고형석 가천대학교 법학연구소 2013 가천법학 Vol.6 No.3

급속도록 발전하고 있는 전자상거래는 재화 등의 거래에 있어서 주된 거래방식 중 하나로 자리잡고 있다. 그러나 그 이면에는 많은 법적 문제점을 야기하고 있으며, 그 중 하나가 바로 소비자보호문제이다. 물론 전체 전자상거래에서 사업자와 소비자간 전자상거래가 차지하는 비중(거래규모기준)은 그리 크지 않다고 할 수 있지만, 이용자 수 또는 빈도를 본다면 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 이러한 점은 전자상거래가 재화 등의 거래방식으로 한 차원 더 발전하기 위하여 소비자보호가 더 충실하게 이루어져야 함을 의미한다. 전자상거래분야에서의 소비자보호는 매우 다양한 측면에서 이루어질 수 있지만, 대표적인 방안은 법제도를 통한 것이다. 우리나라 역시 전자상거래가 활성화되기 시작한 20세기 말에 전자거래기본법을 제정하였으며, 2002년에는 전자상거래소비자보호법을 제정하여 이 분야에서의 소비자보호를 추진하고 있다. 물론 전자거래기본법은 전자거래의 기본적인 법적 문제를 규율하기 위하여 제정되었지만, 그 동안 몇 차례의 개정을 통하여 소비자보호에 관한 내용을 추가하였다. 다만, 기본법이라는 특성으로 인하여 구체적인 소비자보호에 관한 내용을 규정하고 있지 않지만, 이 분야에서의 소비자보호의 필요성을 강조한다는 측면에서는 그 의미가 있다고 할 것이다. 특히, 동법은 구체적인 소비자보호를 규정하고 있는 전자상거래소비자보호법에 대한 일반법의 성격을 갖는다. 따라서 양법간 유기적 연계를 통하여 전자상거래가 건전한 거래방식으로 정착함과 더불어 이 분야에서의 소비자보호가 충실하게 이루어질 수 있는 법적 기반을 마련하고 있다고 평가할 수 있다. 다만, 전자상거래 분야에서의 소비자보호가 더 충실하게 이루어지기 위하여는 지속적인 입법적 개선이 필요하다. The electronic commerce developing rapidly is perched as one of the main trading methods. But the electronic commerce has a lot of legal issues, one of which is a matter of consumer protection. This point means that consumer protection must be done faithfully to develop the electronic commerce more than another level. The consumer protection in the field of the electronic commerce is very diverse, but typical of the way is maintenance of legal systems. To protect consumer in the field of the electronic commerce, the Framework Act on Electronic Commerce and the Electronic Commerce Consumer Protection Act were enacted. The Framework Act on Electronic Commerce enacted to govern the basic legal issues of electronic transaction, but consumer protection is also governed. The Framework Act on Electronic Commerce have not specific consumer protection rules. But this act has a meaning that it emphasizes the need for consumer protection in this field. Also, this act a general law in comparison with the Electronic Commerce Consumer Protection Act. Therefore, The linkage between two Acts can be made more faithful to the legal foundation that the electronic commerce would be settled as a sound trading method and consumer could be protected. However, the ongoing legislative improvements are needed so that consumer protection is made more faithfully in the field of the electronic commerce.

전자문서 및 전자거래기본법의 개정방안에 관한 고찰

정완용 경희대학교 법학연구소 2013 경희법학 Vol.48 No.4

이용자들의 안전한 전자거래 활용과 거래 촉진을 위하여 우리나라는 1999년 「전자거래기본법」을 제정하였다. 이 법은 1996년 UNCITRAL 「전자상거래모델법」을 참조하여 제정된 것인데 그 후 몇 차례 개정을 거쳐 2012년 9월 「전자문서 및 전자거래기본법」으로 명칭을 바꾸고 공인전자주소제도, 공인전자문서중계자제도 등을 도입하였다. 종래의 전자거래기본법이 전자거래의 안전성과 신뢰성을 확보하기 위하여 전자문서와 이를 이용한 전자거래에 법적효력을 부여하는 데 중점을 두었다면, 이번 개정법은 법 명칭에 나와 있듯이 공인전자주소 및 공인전자문서중계자 등을 통한 전자문서의 보관, 유통 및 활용을 위한 법적 기반을 조성하는 데 중점을 두고 있다. 한편 국제적으로도 전자상거래모델법 제정 후 10여년의 세월이 흐르면서 정보통신기술의 발달과 전자적 환경이 변함에 따라 UNCITRAL에서는 다수의 국제거래관련 협약이 전자적 환경에 적용될 수 있도록 2005년 「국제전자계약협약」을 채택하였다. 우리나라는 종래 전자거래기본법 및 전자서명법의 제정을 통하여 UNCITRAL의 전자상거래모델법과 전자서명모델법을 수용한 데 이어 2004년에는 유엔 동산물품매매협약(비엔나협약, 1980)을 비준·가입함으로써 국제매매거래에는 이 협약이 적용된다. 이 글에서는 우리나라가 국제전자계약협약에 비준·가입할 경우 어떻게 법 개정방향을 잡아야 할 것인지 비교 고찰하고, 지난번 개정법에서 반영되지 못했던 전자문서관련 내용을 다음과 같은 측면에서 검토하고 개정의견을 제시하였다. 이 법의 개정방향으로는 1) 국제전자계약협약을 참조하여 전자문서, 전자적 의시표시 규정의 개정 내지는 신설하고, 2) 개정법의 적용범위와 관련 제4조 2항의 별표에서 정하고 있는 제한된 법률에 한하여 그 효력을 인정하는 것을 공․사법을 포함한 일반 효력규정으로 역할할 수 있도록 개정하고, 3) 전자문서의 형식요건에 관하여는 전자계약협약(제9조)의 내용을 참작하여 개정법에 그 기준을 마련할 것을 제안하였다. 4) 전자문서의 송·수신시기에 관하여 전자계약협약의 내용을 수용하는 한편 5) 전자화대상문서의 폐기문제를 분석하고, 현재 고시로 정하고 있는 폐기규정을 법에 정하는 방안을 제안하였다. This paper deal with issues that are specific to the Revised Framework Act on Electronic Documents and Electronic Commerce (so-called the “Electronic Commerce Act”). There are many issues relating to the electronic documents of the Act. The Electronic Commerce Act has been revised several times since 1999, for example, in 2002, 2005 and 2007. Especially in the year of 2012, the Electronic Commerce Act was amended in many parts on a large scale. First, the title of the Electronic Commerce Act wes revised as ‘the Framework Act of the Electronic Documents and Electronic Commerce’ from ‘the Framework Act of the Electronic Commerce’ which means the notion of “Electronic Document” was emphasized on the whole part of the law. Second, the Electronic Commerce Act provided the Certified Electronic Address System so that it is possible to complement the prevention of the risk of the electronic mail regarding to the security and forgery possibility. Third, the Electronic Commerce Act provided the system of the Authorized Electronic Document Message Intermediator to do the circulation work of the Electronic Document. Fourth, the Electronic Commerce Act revised the name of the Authorized Electronic Document Depository as the Authorized Electronic Document Center for the purpose of strengthening of the circulation function of Electronic Documents through the Center. Fifth, the Electronic Commerce Act accepted the system of certification to the excellent EC business company. Further, the Act provides the same legal effect as out-of-court settlement of the judgement to the conciliation of the EC disputes. However, this paper proposed several issues to revise the Electronic Commerce Act in the future according to the International Convention on the Electronic Contracting 2005 including the provision to the notion of Electronic Communications, the application scope of the Electronic Commerce Act, the form requirements of the electronic documents, the time of dispatch and the time of receipt of an electronic communications, the repeal of the object document to the scanning electronic document.

소비자보호를 위한 UN전자계약협약의 검토

정연희 가천대학교 법학연구소 2009 가천법학 Vol.2 No.3

Electronic communication via the Internet is non-trade area. And regardless of the distance between operators and consumers in that consumers are not limited to domestic transactions also. Therefore, increasing international consumer transactions, the conflict are also likely to increase. In this article, to study inadequacy of "Framework Act on Electronic Commerce"and "Act on the Consumer Protection in the Electronic Commerce Transactions, Etc." in the consumer's side, the comparison made in international trade law to target the legal obstacles to electronic transactions designed to remove the uniform norm "United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts". This Convention wasn't designed to protect consumer. But gradually increasing in international trade when you see it fit the point on the international e-commerce, Convention with the expected order is ready to try the suit is needed in terms the consumer protection to be an important rules. And about electronic transactions and contracts signed according to the process of providing information that can be problematic, to invitations to maker offers and to maker offers, error in electronic communications and establishment of the issue have seen time and place. With respect to invitations to maker offers and to maker offers, Convention and "Act on the Consumer Protection in the Electronic Commerce Transactions, Etc." look similar perspective. However, the distinction between to invitations to maker offers and to maker offers was about as much controversy, is clearly seen that should consider to clear the differences. When sending e Agreement Regarding Convention and "Framework Act on Electronic Commerce" said the difference between the different positions, the transmission time and position in relation with other countries in terms of uniform rules would seem necessary in international trade to increase. Convention introduces the concept of place of business in the event of a conflict of jurisdiction is a major problem, such as confirmed. However, "Framework Act on Electronic Commerce"and "Act on the Consumer Protection in the Electronic Commerce Transactions, Etc." by the Office of Management consisting of 2 or more, only the main office as a place of business to express, but if not, what will determine on the basis of the office is no explicit. Therefore, an e-contract agreement with virtually the same office to identify the explicit introduction of the concept is the need to consider. 전자상거래는 인터넷매체를 통한 비대면적 거래이며, 사업자와 소비자 사이의 거리를 불문한다는 점에서 소비자거래 또한 국내에 국한되지 않는다. 따라서 국제소비자거래가 증가함에 따라 이에 따른 분쟁 또한 증가하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 본 논문에서는 소비자보호적 측면에서 전자거래에 관하여 전자거래기본법과 전자상거래소비자보호법의 미비점을 살펴보기 위하여 그 비교법적 대상으로 국제거래로 이루어지는 전자거래에 법적 장애를 제거하기 위해 마련된 통일적인 규범인 UN전자계약협약으로 하였다. 그리고 전자거래계약의 체결의 과정에 따라서 문제가 발생할 수 있는 정보제공, 청약과 청약의 유인, 오류의 방지, 성립시기와 장소의 문제를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 청약과 청약의 유인과 관련하여, UN전자계약협약이나 전자상거래소비자보호법이나 유사한 관점을 보인다. 그러나 청약과 청약의 유인의 구분에 관하여 많은 논란이 있었던 만큼, 분명히 명시하는 것을 고려해 보아야겠다. 다음으로 송신시기와 관련해서는 UN전자계약협약과 전자거래기본법이 다른 입장 차이를 보이고 있다. 이러한 송신시기와 관련하여 다른 나라의 입장과의 통일적인 관점에서 규율하는 것이 증가하는 국제거래에서 필요하다고 보인다. 마지막으로 장소와 관련하여 UN전자계약협약은 영업소라는 개념을 도입하고 있다. 전자거래에서 장소의 개념은 분쟁발생시 재판관할을 확정하는 등 중요한 문제이다. 그러나 전자상거래소비자보호법과 전자거래 기본법은 영업소가 2이상인 경우에만 주된 관리가 이루어진 곳을 영업소(place of business)로 본다고 명시하고 있지만, 그렇지 않은 경우에는 무엇을 기준으로 하여 영업소를 파악할 것인가의 명시는 없다. 따라서 전자계약협약과 같은 영업소의 실질적으로 파악하는 개념의 명시의 도입은 고려해 볼 필요가 있다.

전자상거래제도에 관한 법적 검토

김재두 ( Jae Doo Kim ) 단국대학교 법학연구소 2012 법학논총 Vol.36 No.1

Electronic commerce especially refers to electronic commercial transactions. The sole volume of electronic commerce has grown rapidly mainly due to the recent advances in electronic technology. Electronic commerce, however, cannot be entirely covered by our present regulatory system. It is not only the technical difficulties, which hinders the electronic commerce development, but the legal issues also impede the development of electronic commerce. Most countries are resolving the electronic commerce related legal issues through either legislating new statutes or expanding current regulations` application. Korea also succeeds this precedence. In an attempt of achieving an enhancement in safety and confidence, some of the predictable legal issues and their solutions are suggested herein. It is necessary to secure the regulatory safety and confidence as well as technical safety and confidence. Namely, the verification of the user`s authenticity and informational integrity are required to achieve transactional activation. Korea should attempt to ascertain methods to apply current legal systems to the predictable legal issues by enhancing, improving, and reforming its regulatory system. For the purpose of securing safety and confidence in electronic commerce, the related legal issues will be discussed, such as the electronic document`s admissibility as evidence, the validity of the electronic signature, and electronic certification. Emerging electronic settlement systems are such as on-line credit card, electronic fund transfer, electronic money, electronic bill, mobile payment etc. Most of them is a conservative one, bent on adapting more familiar payment devices, such as magnetic stripe card, credit card, and cashier`s check, to the online environment. In this Article, the author identifies and discusses some of the obstacles to the legal issues of electronic settlement systems are under Korean electronic finance transaction act.