Association between diurnal temperature range and mortality modified by temperature in Japan, 1972–2015: Investigation of spatial and temporal patterns for 12 cause-specific deaths

Lee, Whanhee,Kim, Yoonhee,Honda, Yasushi,Kim, Ho Elsevier 2018 Environment international Vol.119 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Many previous literatures suggested that high temperature and diurnal temperature range (DTR) are prominent risk factors to increase risk of mortality. However, the role of effect modification of temperature on the DTR-related mortality is unclear. We examined whether temperature was an effect modifier on the DTR-mortality association and how the modification patterns differed by cause of deaths and different regional climates using a nationwide 47 prefecture data in Japan (1972–2015). We used a two-stage analysis. For the first stage, we used a time-series regression with a distributed lag model to estimate the DTR-mortality association according to five levels of temperature (extreme cold, cold, moderate, hot, and extreme hot days) for each prefecture stratified by twelve cause-specific deaths. Then, we applied a meta-analysis to pool the estimates across the 47 prefectures in Japan and separately by cooler vs. warmer regions. Our findings showed that the risk of mortality associated with DTR was strongly modified by temperature for all causes and cardiovascular deaths (<I>p</I> < 0.001) in the total population, suggesting that the influence of DTR on mortality increases at higher levels of temperature. These findings were consistent across warmer and cooler regions. Similar patterns were observed for respiratory and renal disease deaths which demonstrated the associations with DTR were the highest during extreme hot days, although it was statistically not significant and varied depending on the climate regions. Our findings suggest that the DTR-related mortality may be modified by daily mean temperature and the most elevated during extremely hot temperatures.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We aimed to identify the DTR-related mortality with cause-specific deaths. </LI> <LI> Weather and 12-specific deaths data of Japan (47 prefectures; 1972–2015) were used. </LI> <LI> We found the DTR-related risks were highest in respiratory and renal deaths. </LI> <LI> The modification of temperature was significant in total and cardiovascular deaths. </LI> <LI> The DTR-related mortality changed during the study period. </LI> </UL> </P>

예언서의 엑스터시와 야웨의 영

이사야 연세대학교 신과대학 2008 신학논단 Vol.51 No.-

The state of ecstacy appeared in the Dtr. history and in the book of Ezekiel is a method of presence of YHWH, that is edited by the exilic and post exilic editor(s). The ecstacy which is undergone in the Dtr. history emphasizes actions rather than words and these actions are signs of the state of being possessed by the power of God. For Dtr. history, the presence of YHWH is not to give words but to reveal the function of YHWH's power to Israel and against the enemies of Israel. Dissimilarly, the ecstacy in the book of Ezekiel has the function of raising up the prophet and giving him missions in the apparent purpose to give YHWH‘s will and words. Ruah YHWH and Yad YHWH moves Ezekiel by the purpose and sovereign will of God nd and have connection with the God’s calling Ezekiel. And the ecstacy of Ezekiel accomplishes its summit at the messages of promise to restore Israel which revealed in the valley of dried bones. While the ecstacy in the Dtr. history is dynamic and has the primary purpose to ratify YHWH's selection and its authority, the ecstacy of Ezekiel is capable of carrying out the function to convey the will and words of YHWH. And in that meaning RUAH YHWH and Yad YHWH reveal same concept and actions. Ecstacy, a method of revealing the presence of YHWH, had the function of selection, ratification and power of God through RUAH YHWH and the presence of YHWH was restricted to minimal individuals in Dtr. history. But in exilic and post-exilic prophets, it was promised to grant RUAH YHWH to all people and nations and its characteristics were changed to be static and everlasting.

야훼 임재의 상징과 영

이사야 한국구약학회 2008 구약논단 Vol.14 No.4

The purpose of this article is to make clear the fact that the person(s) who received the Spirit of YHWH was(were) used as the new symbol of the presence of YHWH after the disappearance of the temple; and to achieve this purpose I observed the theological elements which enabled making the temple and the person(s) as the symbol of the presence of the YHWH, using historical-critical approach. In the pre-temple period, the visible symbol of YHWH's presence was the ark. And in the period of monarchy, the symbol was the temple and YHWH was believed to always be in existence in the temple. The historical event that the Jerusalem temple was destructed and the monarchy fell down in 586 BC, means not merely the fall of the royal authority of Judah. That also means that the Israelite community could not find the presence of YHWH in the temple and that the presence of YHWH in the temple was replaced by the man or people who received the Spirit of YHWH. The editor(s) of the Dtr. history and the latter prophetic books used the man or people who received the Spirit of YHWH as the new symbol of presence of YHWH when the temple, the old symbol of presence of Him, disappeared in history. The editor(s), as if he(or they) used the visible temple through the invisible Name of YHWH and the Glory of YHWH, used the visible man or people as the symbol of the presence of YHWH through the invisible Spirit of YHWH in the period the temple and monarchy existed no longer, looking forward the reconstruction of the temple. The Name of YHWH and the Glory of YHWH were the theological expressions which enabled the temple become the symbol of the presence of YHWH in the thought of exilic and post-exilic period. The Spirit of YHWH was the theological expression to the new symbol of the presence of YHWH and it, together with the Name of YHWH and the Glory of YHWH, insured YHWH's being with Israel even in the time of exilic and post-exilic period. In Dtr. history, the presence of the Spirit of YHWH manifested the function of selection, ratification and power of God and it was restricted to minimal individuals. But in latter prophetic books, it was promised to grant the Spirit of YHWH to all people and nations and its characteristics were changed to be static and everlasting. The editor(s) of the Dtr. History and latter prophetic books used new forms, presence of the Spirit of YHWH and pouring of the Spirit of YHWH, in order to present judges, prophets or all people as the new symbol of the presence of YHWH. This new form is applied even to the charismatic leaders in the Book of Judges and to the prophets in the latter prophetic books. The traditional thought of anointing was replaced by the presence of the Spirit of YHWH or the pouring of it in the Books of Judges, Ezekiel, Isaiah, Joel, and etc. This shows the conversion of acknowledgement which seeks for the Spirit-received man or people as the new symbol of the presence of YHWH after the time of 586 B.C. when the temple was disappeared. This study, dealing with the Spirit of YHWH theo-epistemologically, beyond semantically, in the paradigm shift of the exilic and post-exilic period, could be presented as a model study on the Holy Spirit in the Old Testament.

북이스라엘 전승과 초기 신명기 역사

박신배 연세대학교 신과대학 2006 신학논단 Vol.43 No.-

In the study of Deuteronomistic history, Nicholson proposed the existence of the Ur Deuternomium, written during Hezekiah's period. Most scholars have simply accepted the thesis that Ur-Deuternomium = Deut. 12-26. This early Deuteronomistic historical book, which is more than Ur-Dt, must have been written during Hezekiah's cultic centralization. This thesis clearly indicates the impact of Northern Israel Tradition on Hezekiah's Deuteronomistic Work. When Northern Israel was destroyed, this early Deuteronomistic historic book was written. This book was written with the intent of making the cultic centralization a success. The early Deuteronomistic historian (Dtr0), Hezekiah's People, ca. 715 B.C., prepared for this historical crisis. They went down to Judah in 722 B.C., bringing with them Ur-Dt, with its origin in North Israel. The Shiloh priest enacted cult centralization. They were pressured by the Zadok priestly line in the Jerusalem palace. Thus, the Northern tradition combined with Judah's tradition in Hezekiah's palace. Their tradition had been Nehustan, the Exodus tradition. They had traveled down to Hezekiah's palace, and made contact with Hezekiah's people of the Southern tradition. Here they joined with Hosea's tradition to produce the reform project, which included the writing of the Early Deuteronomistic Historic Book. The next study required the Isaiah tradition, and the Chronicle tradition problem of Hezekiah's times, related to the Northern tradition. Thus, the Korean Deuteronomistic study will be oriented by its historical subject.

열왕기하 18-20장의 편집과 전승 신학 연구

박신배 그리스도신학대학교 출판부 2010 교수논문집 Vol.10 No.-

A Study on Redaction & Tradition Theology in Kings 18-20 This thesis is to study synthetically on redaction & tradition theology in Kings 18-20. The text of Kings 18-20 is edited by Josiah, during the Exile period. The period of King Hezekiah happened inconjunction with the History, Ur-Deuteronomy. This version is called the early[first initial primary] stage of Deuteronomistic History(Dtro). The first Edition is during King Josiah’s period, and the second Version was about the Exile Period, the final edition. Deuteronomistical History prevailed in a Deportation perspective. We find out the difference of the dimension of Historical fact and the Theological viewpoint. The final Stage is to reveal that the text is a composition of the story. The Story is the theme of the Torah, Prophet, Cult, and Politic(Life). In the Tradition history method, we search the times of each Bible period: in the Wilderness; Judges; Monarch; Hezekiah; Josiah; the Babylon jan Exile Period: the Chronicles Period, etc. so the meaning of the Tradition in the Hezekiah reformation ciarifies. Futhermore, through this guestioning of the Hezekiah reformation, today we feel the good necessity to bring the New reformation.

Simulation of a head slider considering a discrete track recording technology

윤상준,손석호,강지훈,김현기,Jingyoo Yoo,최동훈 대한기계학회 2009 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.23 No.10

Discrete track recording (DTR) is a new application technology that utilizes a separate physical storage disk with grooves and ridges comprised of radial and circumferential direction in order to achieve higher data transfer rates and storage densities on a hard disk drive (HDD). However, the grooves and ridges on the DTR media cause flying stability issues. Therefore, we analyze and compare the dynamic performance of a head slider with three types of DTR media in which different DTR parameters are defined, such as groove width and pitch. Prior to simulations, we propose the DTR flying height (FH) loss equation which estimates a loss of FH on the DTR media using the defined DTR parameters. The accuracy and creditability of this equation is then predicted by comparing the results of the equation to those of the simulation. Consequently, we propose a method for designing the air bearing surface (ABS) on the DTR media using the static performance of the ABS on a continuous track recording (CTR) along with the proposed DTR FH loss equation.

Exploring spatial and temporal trends of diurnal temperature range in the region of the Subarnarekha river basin India

Shree Shashank,Kumar Manoj,Singh Ajai 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.2

This study analyzed the spatial and temporal trends of diurnal temperature range (DTR) for 35-years (1983–2017) in the region of the Subarnarekha river basin of Jharkhand, India. The daily data of maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) were habituated to compute the DTR, whereas rainfall data is used to measure its relationship with DTR, on a monthly annual and seasonal basis. Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope method has been used to detect the increasing or decreasing trends in climatic data with their statistical significance. The annual mean DTR of the basin is 11.97 C With a maximum in pre-monsoon (16.36 C) and minimum in monsoon (6.94 C). A significant negative trend (- 0.31 C/decade) was observed in annual DTR over the basin. On a seasonal basis, all four seasons show a negative trend in DTR with the largest significant decreasing trend in the pre-monsoon season (- 0.49 C/decade). On an annual and seasonal basis, a significant negative correlation between DTR and rainfall is found, indicating that rainfall has a significant impact on the variation of DTR in this basin. A concomitant increase in rainfall might be one of the possible causes of the decreases in DTR in the basin.

전송기준신호의 평균을 이용한 차등 UWB 시스템의 성능개선

황준혁,김석찬,정기웅,강봉순 에스케이텔레콤 (주) 2010 Telecommunications Review Vol.20 No.3

본 논문은 UWB-TR(Ultra WideBand-Transmitted Reference) 시스템에서 효과적으로 비트오류확률(BER:Bit Error Rate)을 개선하는 방법에 대해서 제안하였다. 제안하는 DATR(Differential Averaged TR) 시스템은 기존의 ATR(Averaged TR) 시스템과 DTR(Differential TR) 시스템의 장점을 결합하여 이전에 전송한 데이터신호를심볼 단위로 평균하여 차등기법을 적용함으로서 상관기의 기준신호를 개선하여 BER을 향상시키고 전송신호에 기준신호를 전송하지 않음으로서 데이터 전송률을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 이론적인 성능 분석과 모의실험을 통하여 제안하는 시스템이 기존의 UWB-DTR 시스템에 비해서 BER이 향상됨을 보인다.

이중온도센서 라디오존데(DTR) 비교비양을 통한 DTR 온도측정 정확도 향상 연구

소재원,양승구,이영석,김용규,이상욱,김성훈,김종철,김주완 한국기상학회 2019 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.10

전술네트워크의 전송효율을 위한 신뢰도(QoS) 분석 및 데이터 전송 향상 방안 연구

양현상,오인복,류한태,허화만 韓國防衛産業學會 2014 韓國防衛産業學會誌 Vol.21 No.1