The Improvement of Pilot Fatigue Management

Jin-Kook Choi 한국항공우주의학협회 2023 항공우주의학회지 Vol.33 No.1

The fatigue of pilots is the most threatening factor in aviation safety internationally, requiring continuous management. In order to prevent aircraft accidents that may occur due to fatigue, this paper analyzes fatigue-related accident cases and previous research and suggests ways to improve the fatigue management of pilots. Problems in major fatigue accidents were active communication failure, lack of leadership of the captain, inadequate contingency management, lack of workload management, and the most important factors in accidents were inadequate decision making of continuing an approach without going around. It is necessary to proactively improve and establish go-around culture in the organization and manage human factors with training and procedures of Threat and Error Management and Crew Resource Management. In order to fundamentally prevent accidents related to fatigue fundamentally, it is necessary to establish Fatigue Risk Management and Safety Management System, and identify the actual threats and errors in the cockpit of the aircraft.

대형 항공사(FSC)의 전략적 인적자원관리가 승무원의 조직신뢰, 직무만족, 조직몰입에 미치는 영향 연구

이종현,이재섭 (사)한국관광레저학회 2021 관광레저연구 Vol.33 No.11

This Study aims to propose the practical ways to devote to the general operational strategies for human resources and the development of the airlines by realizing the effects of the strategic management of the human resources of full-service carriers (FSC) on the reliability of the organization, job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the cabin crews. The empirical analysis was analyzed using the SPSS Ver18.0 program after the questionnaire was collected. The survey was conducted for six weeks from August 2nd to September 13th, 2021. As a result, it has been confirmed that the strategic management of the human resources of FSC has a positive impact on the reliability of the organization, job satisfaction and the organizational commitment of the cabin crews. Based on this study, it is assumed that if the airline forms connections among internal customers and establishes relationships with high levels of trust for the organization through the integrated strategic human resources activities based on the cabin crews along with the business performances of the companies, they will achieve high performance.

Controlled-Flight-Into-Terrain 항공 사고 예방에 관한 연구 -괌사고, 목포사고, 김해사고 중심으로-

변순철 ( Soon Cheol Byeon ),송병흠 ( Byung Heum Song ),임세훈 ( Se Hoon Lim ) 한국항공운항학회 2008 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study is leading to prevent the major causes of commercial-aviation fatalities about controlled-flight-into-terrain(CFIT) in approach-and-landing accidents. The paper of major analysis for controlled flight into terrain(CFIT) was Guam accident, Mokpo accident and Gimhae accident in commercial transport-aircraft accidents from 1993 through 2002. CFIT occurs when an airworthy aircraft under the control of the flight crew is flown unintentionally into terrain, obstacles or water, usually with no prior awareness by the crew. This type of accident can occur during most phases of flight, but CFIT is more common during the approach-and-landing phase. Ninety-five percent of the Guam accident, Mokpo accident, and Gimhae accident where weather was known involved IMC, fog, and rain. The paper believed that prevention for CFIT accident was education and training for flying crew and upgrade for equipment such as EGPWS, and need more research for professional organizations of airlines, and accomplishing precision approaches should be a high priority.

국내 원자력발전소 첨단 주제어실의 Crew Resource Management 교육훈련 효과 분석

김사길,변승남,이동훈,정충희 대한산업공학회 2009 산업공학 Vol.22 No.2

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training program for operators in the Main Control Room (MCR) simulator of APR-1400 Nuclear Power Plant. The experiments were conducted for two different crews of operators performing six different emergency operating scenarios during four-week period. Each crew consisted of the five operators: senior reactor operator, safety technical advisor, reactor operator, turbine operator, and electric operator. All crews (Crew A and B) participated in the training program for the technical knowledge and skills which were required to operate the simulator of the MCR during the first week. To verify the effectiveness of the CRM training program; however, only Crew A was selected to attend the CRM training after the technical knowledge and skills training. The results of the experiments showed that the CRM training program improved the individual attitudes of Crew A significantly. Team skills of Crew A were found to be significantly better than those of Crew B. The CRM training did not have positive effects on enhancing the individual performance of Crew A; however, as compared to that of Crew B. Implication of these findings was discussed further in detail.

항행 및 항법 : 정상운항에서 안전 관찰을 위한 웹 기반 K-LOSA 프로그램 구현

최연철 ( Youn Chul Choi ),홍승범 ( Seung Beom Hong ) 한국항행학회 2014 韓國航行學會論文誌 Vol.18 No.4

LOSA(line operation safety audit)는 정상적인 운항 상태에서 운항 승무원이 발생할 수 있는 사고를 수집하기 위한 선제적 데이터 수집 방식으로 비행 중 발생하는 TEM(threat error management)과 CRM(crew resource management) 등을 수집하는 안전관리프로그램이다. 기존의 LOSA 기록 방식은 워크시트(worksheet) 에 관찰자가 직접 작성하여 자료를 보관하고 관리를 수행하였으나, 자료 보관의 어려움과 비밀 보장이 어려운 문제점이 있다. 기존의 LOSA 수집방식 대신 웹(web) 형태로 한국형 LOSA(K-LOSA)를 구현과 TEM 분류 코드를 변경하므로 효과적인 자료 관리 및 비밀 보장성을 확보하였다. 본 논문에서는 LOSA에 대하여 살펴보고 K-LOSA 프로그램의 구성을 소개한다. Line operation safety audit (LOSA) is the proactive data collection system to capture the accident and serious incident caused by flight crew and is the safety management program for collecting threat error management (TEM) and crew resource management (CRM) during normal operations. The typically LOSA is written by hand, manages and archives the LOSA Observation Worksheet. But, this method is not easy to archive and ensure confidentiality of the LOSA worksheets. As we implemented the K-LOSA of the web-document type instead of the existing LOSA archive method and change the TEM category code. we yields to archive the efficient data management and confidentiality. In this paper, we introduce the LOSA and to configure the K-LOSA program.

Crew Resource Management 교육훈련 투자수익률 모델

김사길(Sa Kil Kim),변승남(Seong Nam Byun),이덕주(Deok Joo Lee),이동훈(Dhong Hoon Lee),정충희(Choong Heui Jeong) 대한산업공학회 2009 대한산업공학회지 Vol.35 No.2

국내 원자력발전소 인적오류 저감을 위한 Crew Resource Management 교육훈련체계 개발

김사길(Sa Kil Kim),변승남(Seong Nam Byun),이동훈(Dhong Hoon Lee),정충희(Choong Heui Jeong) 대한인간공학회 2009 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.28 No.1

The nuclear power industry in the world has recognized the importance of integrating non-technical and team skills training with the technical training given to its control room operators to reduce human errors since the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents. The Nuclear power plant (NPP) industry in Korea has been also making efforts to reduce the human errors which largely have contributed to 120 nuclear reactor trips from the year 2001 to 2006. The Crew Resource Management (CRM) training was one of the efforts to reduce the human errors in the nuclear power industry. The CRM was developed as a response to new insights into the causes of aircraft accidents which followed from the introduction of flight recorders and cockpit voice recorders into modern jet aircraft. The CRM first became widely used in the commercial airline industry, but military aviation, shipboard crews, medical and surgical teams, offshore oil crews, and other highconsequence, high-risk, time-critical industry teams soon followed. This study aims to develop a CRM training program that helps to improve plant performance by reducing the number of reactor trips caused by the operators' errors in Korean NPP. The program is; firstly, based on the work we conducted to develop a human factors training from the applications to the Nuclear Power Plant; secondly, based on a number of guidelines from the current practicable literature; thirdly, focused on team skills, such as leadership, situational awareness, teamwork, and communication, which have been widely known to be critical for improving the operational performance and reducing human errors in Korean NPPs; lastly, similar to the event-based training approach that many researchers have applied in other domains: aircraft, medical operations, railroads, and offshore oilrigs. We conducted an experiment to test effectiveness of the CRM training program in a condition of simulated control room also. We found that the program made the operators' attitudes and behaviors be improved positively from the experimental results. The more implications of the finding were discussed further in detail.

항공사 EBT 프로그램 모델 개발

최지헌,김성엽,김현덕 한국항행학회 2023 韓國航行學會論文誌 Vol.27 No.5

항공사에서는 보다 효과적인 교육훈련을 실시하고자 실무와 연계한 훈련 프로그램을 도입하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 항공사들은 항공 인력의 실무 역량 강화 및 안전 문화 증진을 위해 증거 기반 훈련(EBT)을 시행해 오고 있다. 항공사들은 효과적인 EBT 모델 개발을 위해 운항 데이터 및 사례 연구를 분석하여 항공 인력의 역량 및 실무 능력을 체계적으로 평가할 수 있다. 또한 승무원 자원 관리(CRM)와 같은 기술적 방법 및 인적 요인을 포함하는 전체적인 접근법을 적용하여 EBT 모델을 구성할 수 있다. EBT 도입으로 인해 항공사들은 조종사의 실무 업무에 대한 진단 및 피드백 시스템을 구축하게 되며 개인 맞춤형 교육을 제공할 수 있고 교육 성과를 거쳐 교육 효과를 검증하는 교육훈련 체계를 확립하게 된다. Airlines tried to introduce training programs in connection with practical work in order to provide more effective education and training. To this end, airlines have been conducting evidence-based training(EBT) to strengthen the practical capabilities of aviation personnel and enhance safety culture. Airlines can systematically evaluate the capabilities and practical capabilities of aviation personnel by analyzing operational data and case studies for effective EBT model development. In addition, EBT models can be constructed by applying technical methods such as crew resource management (CRM) and a holistic approach that includes human factors. Due to the introduction of EBT, airlines will establish diagnostic and feedback systems for pilots' practical work, provide personalized education, and establish an education and training system that verifies the effectiveness of education through educational outcomes.

The Enhancing Error Management of Pilot and Line Operation Safety Audit

Jin-Kook Choi 한국항공우주의학협회 2022 항공우주의학회지 Vol.32 No.2

CRM 개념을 적용한 스마트무인기 비행시험 절차 소개

김유신(Kim, Yushin),구삼옥(Koo, Samok) 한국항공우주연구원 2013 항공우주산업기술동향 Vol.11 No.2

틸트로터 형태의 스마트무인기 비행시험을 위하여 CRM(Crew Resource Management) 개념을 적용한 비행시험 절차를 구성하였다. CRM은 모든 사용가능한 자원을 최대한 활용하여 항공기 운항의 안전성과 효율성을 높이는 것을 의미한다. 비행시험 절차를 수립할 때 CRM 개념을 적용하여 Crew 별 역할과 책임을 명확히 하였으며 업무도 적절히 분배하였다. 모든 과정에서 가능한 한 상호 교차체크를 수행하도록 하여 인적오류를 줄이도록 노력하였다. 시험과정에서는 항상 절차를 준수하며 유기적으로 협업하며 비행시험을 수행하여, 최종적으로 무사고로 비행시험을 완료할 수 있었다. CRM concept was introduced in the flight test procedure of the newly developed Smart UAV. CRM can be defined as a management system which makes optimum use of all available resources to promote safety and enhance the efficiency of operations. By applying CRM concept to the test procedure, the role and responsibilities of each crew member are defined clearly and assigned evenly. The human error is minimized by performing the dual cross-check at almost every step. The flight test of Smart UAV was successfully fulfilled by observing the well-defined test procedure based on CRM.