도입 사일리지용 옥수수의 품종과 식물체 부위에 대한 사료가치와 생산성 비교

김종근,정은찬,김학진,Kim, Jong Geun,Li, Yan Feng,Wei, Sheng Nan,Jeong, Eun Chan,Kim, Hak Jin 한국초지조사료학회 2020 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.40 No.2

본 시험은 도입되는 사일리지용 옥수수의 품종과 식물체 부위에 따른 사료가치와 생산성을 비교하기 위하여 수행하였다. 시험에 이용된 옥수수 품종은 미국 Pioneer Hybrid Co.에서 도입된 8개 품종(P1184, P1151, P1194, P1543, P1345, P1429, P1443 및 P2105)으로 강원도 평창군에 위치한 서울대학교 평창캠퍼스 내에 있는 시험포에서 수행하였다. 수확한 옥수수는 전체 5개 부위(leaf, stem, cob, husk 및 grain)로 분리하여 건조한 후 각 부위별 비율을 산정하였고 사료가치를 분석하였다. 옥수수의 출현율은 P1151 및 P2105품종을 제외하고는 대체로 양호하였다. 출수기는 평균 7월 24일, 출사기는 7월 27일 이었으나 P2105 품종은 7월 28일 및 8월 1일로 늦었고 나머지 품종은 비숫하였다. 초장 및 착수고에 있어서는 P1345 품종이 가장 컸으며(289 및 123 cm), P1151 품종이 가장 작았다(267 및 101 cm). 질병 저항성은 P1184, P1443 및 P1429에서 낮았고 P1197 및 P1345는 높았다. 건물함량은 경엽의 경우 P1151 품종에서 19.6%로 가장 낮았으며 P1429 품종에서 24.9%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 암이삭은 만생 품종인 P2105 품종이 가장 높았고(55.5%) P1184(54.2%) 및 P1345(54.3%) 품종도 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). P2105, P1429 및 P1194 품종의 경엽 건물수량이 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며 (p<0.05), P2105, P1345 및 P1443 품종의 암이삭 건물 수량이 높았다. 5개의 부위로 분리된 식물체(Leaf, Stem, Husk, Cob 및 Grain)의 각 부위별 비율을 살펴보면 대체적으로 암이삭에 해당하는 grain과 cob 합의 비율이 50~60%로 나타나 비교적 높은 비율을 보였다. 포엽(husk)와 속대(cob)의 비율은 대체적으로 비슷하였으며 잎과 줄기는 약 20% 내외의 비율을 보여주었다. 조단백질 함량은 잎이 가장 높았고 그 다음이 grain이었다. 줄기의 조단백질 함량은 가장 낮았으며 포엽(husk)은 품종간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). ADF 함량은 곡실을 제외한 나머지 부분은 비슷하였지만 잎 부분이 더 낮은 경향을 나타내었으며 줄기와 잎을 제외한 다른 부위는 품종간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). NDF 함량은 husk에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 다른 부위는 품종간에 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 또한 품종별로 부위에 따라 특별한 차이를 보였는데, 줄기는 P2015, 잎은 P1197, 속대는 P1151 포엽은 P1197 그리고 알곡은 P1197에서 NDF 함량이 높게 나타났다. 건물 소화율은 줄기와 알곡에서 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 잎과 암이삭을 구성하는 포엽과 속대에서는 품종간에 차이가 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 시험에 P2105 품종의 건물수량이 가장 우수하였으며 알곡의 비율은 P1543 및 P1345에서 우수하였다. 또한 사료가치는 잎과 곡실 부분이 높았으며 잎과 줄기가 husk나 cob보다는 사료가치가 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. This experiment was conducted to a comparison of the productivity according to variety and forage quality by plant parts of imported silage corn (Zea mays, L) in Pyeongchang. The corns evaluated in this experiment were 8 varieties (P1184, P1151, P1194, P1543, P1345, P1429, P1443, and P2105) introduced from the United States, Pioneer Hybrid Co. The harvested corn was divided into 5 plant parts (leaf, stem, cob, husk, and grain), and the ratio of each part was calculated using dry weight and the feed value was analyzed. The emergence rate of corn was generally good except for the P1151 and P2105 varieties. The average tasseling date was July 24^th and the silking date was July 27^th, but the P2105 variety was late to July 28^th and August 1^st, and the remaining varieties were similar. P1345 was the highest (289 and 123 cm), and P1151 varieties were the lowest (267 and 101 cm) in the plant and ear height. Disease resistance was low in P1184, P1443 and P1429, and P1197 and P1345 were high. In the case of stover, the dry matter (DM) content was the lowest at 19.6% in the P1151 and the highest at 24.9% in the P1429. DM content of ear was the highest in the P2105 (55.5%), and P1184 (54.2%) and P1345 (54.3%) were also significantly higher (p<0.05). The DM yield of stover of P2105, P1429 and P1194 varieties was significantly higher (p<0.05), and ear yield of P2105, P1345 and P1443 was higher. The proportions of each part of plants (leaf, stem, cob, husk, and grain) divided by 5 was high, with 50-60% of the ear(grain+cob) ratio. The ratio of husk and cob was roughly similar, and the leaf and stem part showed a ratio of about 20%. The crude protein (CP) content was highest in leaf, followed by grain. The CP content of the stem was the lowest, and the husk was not significantly different among the varieties (p>0.05). The acid detergent fiber (ADF) content was similar to the rest parts except grain, but the leaf part tended to be lower, and other parts except the stem and leaf showed no significant difference between varieties (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in NDF (neutral detergent fiber) content in husk, but there was a difference between varieties in other parts (p<0.05). In addition, there was a special difference by plant parts for each variety, P2015 on the stem, P1197 on the leaf, P1151 on the cob, P1197 on the husk, and P1197 on the grains with high NDF content. IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility) was not significantly different between stems and grains, but there was a difference between varieties in cobs and husks. According to the results, DM yield of P2105 variety was the best in the experiment, and the ratio of grain was excellent in P1543 and P1345. In addition, it was found that the feed value was higher in the leaves and grains, and the leaf and stem had higher feed values than husk or cob.

옥수수 껍질이 자색옥수수의 안토시아닌 함량에 미치는 영향

강지민,고은미 한국식품조리과학회 2022 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.38 No.6

Purpose: This study determines the anthocyanin contents to evaluate the effect of cooking purple corn with corn husk. Methods: Purple corn was divided into three cooking groups: fresh (RAW), cooked with husk (WH), and cooked without husk (WOH). The corns were boiled in 1L distilled water for 20 min, followed by cooling for 5 min. Results: We detected twelve anthocyanins in RAW, but only eight and seven anthocyanins were detected in the WH and WOH group, respectively. Considering the anthocyanidin skeleton, we determined that RAW comprised cyanidin (46.2%), pelargonidin (45.1%), and peonidin (8.7%). The fresh weight (FW) of total anthocyanin contents in RAW was 8.34 mg/100 g, which decreased to 43% by boiling. No difference was found between the WH and WOH groups. The contents of cyanidin-3-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-glucoside, two major anthocyanins in purple corn, were significantly higher in WOH than in WH. ABTS radical scavenging activity was also determined to be higher in WOH as compared to WH. Conclusion: These results indicate that cooking purple corn with its intact husk decreases the anthocyanin contents due to their degradation and leaching into the cooking water.

Platinum recovery from model media and a Pt–Sn/alumina spent catalyst extract using corn husk-based adsorbent

Z. Tavassolirizi,K. Shams,M.R. Omidkhah 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.23 No.-

Preparation of corn husk-based adsorbent for platinum recovery is studied. The adsorbents are prepared and characterized, and the adsorption of platinum onto the adsorbents is examined. Results indicate that hydroxyl and amine groups are responsible for adsorption of platinum onto the adsorbents. Immobilized amine enhances the adsorption and aluminates interfere in adsorption of platinum ions. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent with immobilized amine for model media and intact solution is 38.5 and 16.2 mg Pt/(g adsorbent), respectively. Structural changes of the treated corn husk is explained by Mannich mechanisms. The kinetics of adsorption of Pt follows a pseudo-second-order model.

Comparison of hydrochar and pyrochar - Removal of Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solution

차진선,김형주,이슬비,박영권 한국공업화학회 2020 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

Biochars were prepared through hydrothermal and pyrolytic carbonization of corn husk. In this study, the properties of two types of corn husk char(CHC) were characterized and compared the physicochemical properties using N2 adsorption-desorption, FE-SEM, FTIR and XRF (e.g., porous structure, surface morphology, functional group and elemental composition). Also, Cr(Ⅵ) removal activities by two types biochar were compared.

A Survey of Design Material Development Using Recycled Natural Resources

김성희(Kim Sung hee) 한국조형디자인협회 2017 조형디자인연구 Vol.20 No.1

소재는 디자인에서 필요로 하는 특정한 요구조건에 따라 수없이 많은 방식으로 성형되어지고 있다. 소재 본연의 특성은 기술의 진화과정을 거쳐 지속적으로 개발되었고 소재의 다양성과 창의성이 결합되어 디자인의 다양한 분야에 적용되어지고 있다. 소재연구는 실험과정에서 미리 정해진 방법론을 따르고 계획된 결과를 내놓는 경우도 있지만 그 결과가 예측불가능하고 흥미로운 생각이나 기회를 유발하는 때도 많다. 따라서 다양한 실험과 유기적인 결과에 따른 소재개발의 잠재가능성을 일깨우고 소재를 재평가하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 기존 제품 개발에 활용되고 있는 천연재료를 재조명하고자 한다. 천연소재를 새로운 시각과 기법을 적용함으로써 디자인 활용가능성을 증대시키는 데 있다. 본 연구에서는 천연식물자원 중 완초, 옥수수 포엽 그리고 사탕수수 총 세 가지의 천연소재를 이용한 소재연구를 통해 디자인 적용방안을 모색하였다. 소재선정은 첫째, 표면강도와 환경 재활용 가능성에 중점을 두어 선정하였다. 완초는 화문석의 주재료로 줄기의 겉은 매끄럽고 광택이 있으며 질기고 탄력이 있다. 줄기의 속은 관다발로 되어 있고 조직 사이에 빈 공간이 있어 부드럽고 푹신푹신하다. 옥수수 채취 후 버려지는 옥수수 포협은 옥수수 이삭을 둘러싸고 있는 잎으로 표면이 거칠고 두께가 있다. 옥수수 포협은 음식물쓰레기로 재활용이 어려워 일반 생활쓰레기로 분리해서 배출하고 있다. 설탕을 추출할 목적으로 재배하는 주요 당료작물인 사탕수수는 열대 또는 아열대 지역에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 작물로서 설탕 추출 후 남은 사탕수수 찌꺼기인 당밀과 버개스는 오늘날 바이오 플라스틱 산업에 매우 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 연구의 전개과정은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 천연식물자원 중 에 선별된 완초, 옥수수 포엽 그리고 사탕수수줄기의 소재적 접근과 기존 제품 활용현황을 파악하였다. 둘째, 선별된 소재를 이용하여 분쇄(grinding)와 직조(weaving) 두 분야로 나누어 실시하였으며, 과정별 샘플을 제작하였다. ‘재료분쇄’는 각각의 분쇄된 소재를 이용한 판지와 천연고무원액과 조합한 판지 그리고 실리콘 소재와 조합한 판지 세 가지를 제작하여 표면강도를 비교하였다. ‘직조’과정은 각 소재를 직조에 알맞게 선형화 과정을 통해 짠 후 표면강도를 비교해보았다. 셋째, 소재 기법 연구를 제품디자인에 적용하여 제품디자인 적용가능성을 모색하였다. 본 연구 결과, 재료분쇄와 직조과정을 통해 살펴본 표면강도는 선별된 세 소재 중 가장 약했던 사탕수수가 가장 우수했으며, 완초 옥수수 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 천연소재가 기존 제품의 익숙함 속에서 간과된 소재의 다양한 활용능력을 재조명하고 잠재된 디자인 개발가능성을 모색하여 재료의 활용가치를 높이고 디자인 개발 범위를 확대시키는 데 의의가 있다. 그리고 이를 통해 새로운 소재를 활용한 신 소비시장이 등장할 수 있으리라 예측한다. Materials are shaped and formed in countless ways in accordance with the design requirements. Original features of materials have been continuously developed through technical revolution and applying to various design fields based on materials variety while being combined with human being’s creativity. Materials research may produce planned results after following scheduled methods through experimental processes; however, the results are impossible to predict; and sometimes interesting ideas or chances are generated. Accordingly, it is necessary to raise potential for material development through various tests and organized processes, and to reevaluate materials. The purpose of this study is to shed new light on natural materials that have been using for existing product development. Looking natural materials in new ways and adopting new techniques help increasing design applicability. This study focuses on how to apply 3 natural materials including Cyprus, corn husk and sugar cane to the design through material research. The three natural materials are selected after considering the environmental recycling possibility. Selected materials keep weak, intermediate strong and strong solidity each. As a main material for a figured mat, Cyprus has smooth and glossy surface and also has tough and flexible features. The inside of the stem consists of vascular bundles. Because there are empty spaces between tissues, the inside material is soft and comfortable. The corn husks that are thrown away after collecting the corns are leaves that surround the corn ear. Its surface is rough and thick. Since the corn husk is difficult to recycle as food waste, it is usually separated and sent out as residential waste. The sugar cane cultivated to collect the sugar appears commonly in the subtropical or tropical area. Molasses and burgesses that are left after collecting the sugar material from the sugar cane play important role in bio-plastic industry today. This study has been approached as follows: First, material research on selected Cyprus, corn husk and sugar cane was made and how these natural materials are being used in existing products was checked. Second, grinding and weaving capability of selected materials was reviewed. Also, samples were prepared in each process. To evaluate ‘grinding capability’, each material was grinded and prepared as pure paperboards, natural rubber latex-combined boards and silicon-combined boards. Then, the surface solidity was compared. In case of ‘weaving capability’, each material was fabricated through reeling process and then the surface solidity was compared. Third, the study results were applied to actual product making to seek for design applicability. According to the results, sugar cane showed the highest viscosity; Cyprus and corn husk followed in order. In case of surface strength after weaving process, sugar cane marked the best performance; Cyprus and corn husk followed in order as well. This research has significance in reconsidering natural materials’ various applicability that are ignored due to the familiarity of existing products; seeking for design development potential; increasing material application value; and enlarging design development range. In addition, it is expected that a new consumer market using new natural materials will appear.

올레산 유도 비알코올성 지방간세포에서 자색옥수수 색소 1호 포엽과 속대 추출물의 지질 축적 억제 효과

이기연,김태희,김재은,배선화,박아름,이효영,최성진,박종열,권순배,김희연 한국식품위생안전성학회 2020 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.35 No.1

Seakso 1, a maize hybrid, was developed in 2008 by Gangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Korea and registered in 2011. It is single-cross hybrid, semi-flint, deep-purple variety of corn, variety of are yellow, while the husks and cobs are purple. Due to the sensitivity of Seakso 1 to excess moisture after seeding, water supply should be carefully managed, and it should be harvested at a suitable time to obtain the highest anthocyanin content. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of Saekso 1 corn husk and cob extracts (EHCS) in oleic acid-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in HepG2 cells. EHCS showed a high level of lipid accumulation inhibiting effect. EHCS also suppressed triglyceride accumulation and inhibited expression of lipid marker genes, such as sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1a (SREBP-1a). Analysis by western blot of the expression of p-AMPK, p-SREBP1, PPARα, and FAS proteins showed that the incidence of SREBP1 protein, a major factor involved in lipid metabolism in the liver, has decreased significantly after treatment with the extracts. Moreover, the protein-induced expression of FAS, a major enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathways of fatty acids, was decreased significantly in all concentrations. These results suggest that EHCS is a potent agent for the treatment of NAFLD.

식량자산 부산물인 옥수수 피 첨가가 바이오 플라스틱 시트의 물성에 미치는 영향

안기현,최재석,한정구,박운선,이로운,박형우,정성택 한국포장학회 2022 한국포장학회지 Vol.28 No.2

This study investigated the characteristics for the optimal concentration of addition of the mixing solution through the corn husk pulverization and surface modification of biomass byproducts adding mixed solution between ESO and silane. And surveyed the specific surface area, water absorption, particle size and physical properties of bio- degradable plastic sheet. The specific surface area was 1.105 m2 /g, particle size was the highest at 19 µm. The impact strength, tensile strength, elongation and hardness of plastic sheet showed the highest at the 1% concentration among the mixing solutions. The flexural strength and modulus was high according to the increasing the mixing solution. The results above showed that it was the best the adding 1% of mixed solution after silane treatment of corn husks for its manufacture as a bio-based plastic sheet.

안토시아닌 고함유 자색옥수수 ‘색소1호’의 주요특성

김희연(Hee-Yeon Kim),박종열(Jong-Yeol Park),박기진(Ki-Jin Park),류시환(Si-Hwan Ryu),장은하(Eun-Ha Chang),고병대(Byeong-Dae Goh),윤병성(Byeong Sung Yoon),용우식(Woo Sik Yong),최재근(Jae-Keun Choi) 한국육종학회 2021 한국육종학회지 Vol.53 No.4

A new anthocyanin-rich hybrid variety, ‘Saekso 1’, is developed which is characterized by yellow grains, and purple husks andcobs. This variety was produced by crossing two inbred lines, ‘HA1’ (as the seed parent) and ‘HA2’ (as the pollen parent). It was madein 2008/2009 and evaluated in Hongcheon for two years. After evaluation, the selected variety was named ‘Saekso 1’ and was approvedfor a variety registration in 2014. The anthocyanin content of ‘Saekso 1’ in husk was 10.39±0.09 g/100 g, which was much higher thanthat of Kangilok (0 mg/100 g). Since regional tests were conducted only in Gangwon province, this variety is recommended only in thatregion for commercial cultivation. ‘Saekso 1’ is a health food resource for bioactive materials (Registration No. 4967).

자색옥수수 포엽 및 속대추출물의 Chinese Hamster Lung 세포를 이용한 염색체 이상시험

김희연 ( Hee Yeon Kim ),이기연 ( Ki Yeon Lee ),김태희 ( Tae Hee Kim ),김재은 ( Eun Jae Kim ),박종열 ( Jong Yeol Park ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2021 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.33 No.3

자색 옥수수 포엽과 속대 추출물에 대한 염색체이상 유발여부를 평가하기 위하여 Chinese hamster 유래의 lung cell을 이용하여 직접법 (S9-)과 대사활성법 (S9+)에서의 염색체이상시험을 실시하였다. 농도결정시험은 자색옥수수 포엽 및 속대 추출물의 농도를 156, 313, 625, 1,250, 2,500 및 5,000 μg/mL로 설정하며 실시하였다. 그 결과, -S9 mix RICC55 값은 1677.76 μg/mL, +S9 mix에서는 세포독성이 확인되지 않았으며 24 시간 처리에서 RICC55 값은 582.91 μg/mL이었다. 농도결정시험의 결과를 기초로 하여, -S9 mix에서는 1,000, 1,250, 1,500, 1,750, 2,000, 2,250 및 2,500 μg/mL, +S9 mix에서는 1,250, 2,500 및 5,000 μg/mL를 각각 설정하여 염색체이상시험(단시간처리법)을 실시하였고, 24 시간처리(연속처리법)에 대해서는 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 μg/mL 실시하였다. 표본관찰의 결과 -S9 mix와 +S9 mix, 연속처리법에서의 염색체구조이상세포 및 수적이상세포의 출현빈도는 각각 5% 미만이었고, 양성 대조군의 경우 구조이상 세포의 출현빈도는 10% 이상이었다. 따라서 시험물질 시험물질은 본 시험조건 하에서 CHL 세포에 대한 염색체이상을 유발하지 않는 것(음성)으로 판단된다. This study evaluated the toxicity of extracts from the husks and cobs of purple corn (HCPC) using an in vitro chromosomal aberration test in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells. Experimental groups were treated with -S9 mix (6 h), +S9 mix (6h), or -S9 mix (24 h). A dose range finding study was conducted by setting the concentrations of HCPC extracts to 156, 313, 625, 1,250, 2,500 and 5,000 μg/mL. Consequently, the -S9 mix (6h) RICC⁵⁵ value was 1677.76 μg/mL, no cytotoxicity was determined at +S9 mix (6h), and -S9 mix (24h) RICC⁵⁵ value was 582.91 μg/mL. Based on the results, concentration of experimental groups was determined by setting 1,000, 1,250, 1,500, and 1,750 μg/mL in -S9 mix (6 h); 1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 μg/mL in +S9 mix; and 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 μg/mL in -S9 mix (24 h). The frequency of appearance of chromosomal dysplasia cells and numerical dysplasia cells was less than 5% each. In the positive controls, the frequency of appearance of structural dysplasia cells was more than 10%. Under the conditions of this study, extracts from the husks and cobs did not cause chromosome abnormalities in CHL cells.

Statistical Optimization of Medium Composition for Bacterial Cellulose Production by Gluconacetobacter hansenii UAC09 Using Coffee Cherry Husk Extract - an Agro-Industry Waste

( Rani Mahadevaswamy Usha ),( Navin K. Rastogi ),( K. A. Anu Appaiah ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.7

During the production of grape wine, the formation of thick leathery pellicle/bacterial cellulose (BC) at the air-liquid interface was due to the bacterium, which was isolated and identified as Gluconacetobacter hansenii UAC09. Cultural conditions for bacterial cellulose production from G. hansenii UAC09 were optimized by central composite rotatable experimental design. To economize the BC production, coffee cherry husk (CCH) extract and corn steep liquor (CSL) were used as less expensive sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively. CCH and CSL are byproducts from the coffee processing and starch processing industry, respectively. The interactions between pH (4.5- 8.5), CSL (2-10%), alcohol (0.5-2%), acetic acid (0.5- 2%), and water dilution rate to CCH ratio (1:1 to 1:5) were studied using response surface methodology. The optimum conditions for maximum BC production were pH (6.64), CSL (10%), alcohol (0.5%), acetic acid (1.13%), and water to CCH ratio (1:1). After 2 weeks of fermentation, the amount of BC produced was 6.24 g/l. This yield was comparable to the predicted value of 6.09 g/l. This is the first report on the optimization of the fermentation medium by RSM using CCH extract as the carbon source for BC production by G. hansenii UAC09.