수소호기검사와 소장통과 신티그라피의 구강-맹장 통과시간 비교

문정섭,송치욱,최재걸,현진해 大韓消化器病學會 1997 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.30 No.5

폐활량 검사 시 호흡방법이 정상 성인의 폐 기능 변수에 미치는 영향

이동우(Dong-Woo Lee),김태호(Tae-Ho Kim) 대한심장호흡물리치료학회 2018 대한심장호흡물리치료학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of different breathing methods —including general breathing, thoracic breathing, and diaphragmatic breathing—on the results of a pulmonary function test (PFT) for healthy subjects. Methods : Sixteen healthy subjects participated in this study, including nine adult male and seven female non-smokers. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) were measured. The subjects performed a PFT using their general breathing method, followed by a thoracic breathing and a diaphragmatic breathing method. Before measuring PFT using the thoracic breathing and diaphragmatic breathing methods, one hand was placed on the chest and the other on the abdomen, and subjects were familiarized with each breathing method for five minutes. The PFT sequence was performed in random order with five-minute breaks. Statistical analysis was performed on all subjects for three conditions using a one-way repeated ANOVA. Result : For the male subjects, the FVC and FEV1 values were significantly higher using the general breathing method than the thoracic breathing and diaphragmatic breathing methods. For the female subjects, the FVC and FEV1 values in the general breathing and thoracic breathing methods were significantly higher. The results for all subjects show that FVC, FEV1, and PEF values in the general breathing and thoracic breathing methods were significantly higher than those in the diaphragmatic breathing method. Conclusion : Based on the results, this study recommends that men and women are measured using general breathing or thoracic breathing for PFTs.

^(13)C-Octanoic acid 호기 위 배출 검사의 방법에 따른 비교

이준성 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Aim: To compare the accuracies of two mathematical models (non-linear vs. linear model), which is currently available, in the measurement of gastric emptying using ^(13)C-octanoic acid breath test. Method: In twenty healthy volunteers, gastric emptying of solids were measured by simultaneous scintigraphy and ^(13)C-octanoic acid breath test up to 4 hours. Gastric half-emptying times (t_(1/2)) and LAG times (t_(lag)) by breath test were analyzed using non-linear model and generalized linear model, and compared with those by scintigraphy. Results: In the comparisons of gastric emptying t_(lag), the breath test results were overestimate the scintigraphic results. The standard diviation of difference was 168 minutes (range 0 to 777) by non-linear method and 29 minutes (6 to 116) by linear method. For the t_(1/2), the breath test results were also overestimate the scintigraphic results. The standard diviation of difference was 538 minutes (range -3 to 2,406) by non-linear method and 72 minutes (-11 to 315) by linear method. Conclusions: Linear model looks more acurate than non-linear model in the measurement of gastric emptying using ^(13)C-octanoic acid breath test. However, two methods still shows overestimation compared to scintigraphic results, suggesting need for the development of accurate method of ^(13)C-octanoic acid gastric emptying breath test.

해상음주측정불응죄에 관한 고찰

김태수 서울시립대학교 서울시립대학교 법학연구소 2011 서울법학 Vol.19 No.1

It provides that, a pilot who did pilot or a sailer who operated or instructed to operate a steering gear under the influence of alcohol may be subject to sobriety test. Nonetheless, it cannot be justifiable to punish a person, under influence of alcohol, who instructed a sober man to operate a steering geer and reject to sobriety test. For example, it is because the case of punishing a person who instruct another person to operate a steering geer will be the same with the case of subject a person who ask another person to operate a car. Also, because the crime of refusal of sobriety test is to consider the influence of alcohol necessary to punish the act of piloting and sailing under the influence of alcohol, you should reject a breathing test at the first stage and ask a blood test. In addition, for the collection of blood sample asked by sailer and pilot, at the time of testing, it requires that, medical staffs, such as, medical doctor, nurse or police officer, which belongs to maritime police and was educated about blood sample collection, should do the job. It provides that, a pilot who did pilot or a sailer who operated or instructed to operate a steering gear under the influence of alcohol may be subject to sobriety test. Nonetheless, it cannot be justifiable to punish a person, under influence of alcohol, who instructed a sober man to operate a steering geer and reject to sobriety test. For example, it is because the case of punishing a person who instruct another person to operate a steering geer will be the same with the case of subject a person who ask another person to operate a car. Also, because the crime of refusal of sobriety test is to consider the influence of alcohol necessary to punish the act of piloting and sailing under the influence of alcohol, you should reject a breathing test at the first stage and ask a blood test. In addition, for the collection of blood sample asked by sailer and pilot, at the time of testing, it requires that, medical staffs, such as, medical doctor, nurse or police officer, which belongs to maritime police and was educated about blood sample collection, should do the job.

Delayed Analysis of Hydrogen-Methane Breath Samples

Marjolein Willemsen,Kristel Van De Maele,Yvan Vandenplas 대한소아소화기영양학회 2022 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.25 No.1

Purpose: Hydrogen-methane breath tests are used to diagnose carbohydrate malabsorption and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. The COVID-19 pandemic has driven the modification of procedures as breath tests are potentially aerosol-generating procedures. We assessed the effect of delayed analysis of breath samples, facilitating the at-home performance of breath testing. Methods: Children provided two breath samples at every step of the lactose breath test. The samples were brought back to the clinic, and one set of samples was analyzed immediately. The second set was stored at room temperature and analyzed 1-4 days later. Results: Out of the 73 “double” lactose breath tests performed at home, 33 (45.8%) were positive. The second samples were analyzed 20 to 117 hours after the first samples (41.7±24.3 hours). There was no significant difference in the hydrogen concentration between the first and second sets (Z=0.49, p=0.62). This was not the case for methane, which had a significantly higher concentration in the second breath samples (Z=7.6). Conclusion: Expired hydrogen levels remain stable in plastic syringes if preserved at room temperature for several days. On the other hand, the delayed analysis of methane appeared to be less reliable. Further research is needed to examine the impact of delayed analysis on methane and hydrogen concentrations.

태아호흡운동 및 Nonstress Test와 태아상태와의 상관성에 관한 연구

신희철(HC Shin),이효표(HP Lee),나건영(KY Na),한종수(JS Han) 대한산부인과학회 1983 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.26 No.11

Fetal breathing movements and nonstress test were measured in the same observation period in 103 patients with 67 in highrisk pregnancies and 36 in normal pregnancies. The presence of FBM was noted in a higher proportion of tests with a reactive NST(78.0%) than a nonreactive NST(66.7%}. Conversely, NST was reactive in higher proportion of tests with a FBM present (89.9%) than a FBM absent (83.3%). A significant relationship existed between either test and the outcome of pregnancy as judged by the 5-minute Apgar score or the incidence of fetal distress in labor. Combining two normal tests did not improve the accuracy in predicting outcome; but the combination of both tests, when abnormal, produced a significant in predicting fetuses likely to have an abnorma1 outcome. The combination of the normal with the abnormal test had a predictive accuracy similar to a single normal test in predicting a normal 5-minute Apgar. This combination was associated with an incidence of fetal distress in labor intermediate between that seen with either the normal or abnormal test when a1one. Neither a single test nor the combination of tests is helpful in identifying the smal1-for-gestational age (SGA) infants. This was not helpful in identifying the meconium stained infants These data indicate antepartum fetal evaluation may be improved when more than one biophysical variable is used

Mosapride Accelerates the Delayed Gastric Emptying of High-Viscosity Liquids: A Crossover Study Using Continuous Real-Time 13C Breath Test (BreathID System)

( Yasunari Sakamoto ),( Yusuke Sekino ),( Eiji Yamada ),( Hidenori Ohkubo ),( Takuma Higurashi ),( Eiji Sakai ),( Hiroshi Iida ),( Kunihiro Hosono ),( Hiroki Endo ),( Takashi Nonaka ),( Tamon Ikeda ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2011 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.17 No.4

Background/Aims The administration of liquid nutrients to patients is often accompanied by complications such as gastroesophageal reflux. To prevent gastroesophageal reflux, high-viscosity liquid meals are used widely, however, it still remains controversial whether high-viscosity liquid meals have any effect on the rate of gastric emptying. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining whether high-viscosity liquid meals had any effect on the rate of gastric emptying and mosapride might accelerate the rate of gastric emptying of high-viscosity liquid meals. Methods Six healthy male volunteers underwent 3 tests at intervals of > 1 week. After fasting for > 8 hours, each subject received one of three test meals (liquid meal only, high-viscosity liquid meal [liquid meal plus pectin] only, or high-viscosity liquid meal 30 minutes after intake of mosapride). A 13C-acetic acid breath test was performed, which monitored the rate of gastric emptying for 4 hours. Using the Oridion Research Software (β version), breath test parameters were calculated. The study parameters were examined for all the 3 test conditions and compared using the Freidman test. Results Gastric emptying was significantly delayed following intake of a high-viscosity liquid meal alone as compared with a liquid meal alone; however, intake of mosapride prior to a high-viscosity liquid meal was associated with a significantly accelerated rate of gastric emptying as compared with a high-viscosity liquid meal alone. Conclusions This study showed that high-viscosity liquid meals delayed gastric emptying: however, mosapride recovered the delayed rate of gastric emptying by high-viscosity liquid meals. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;17:395-401)

Early Effect of Single-dose Sitagliptin Administration on Gastric Emptying; Crossover Study Using the 13C Breath Test

( Takashi Nonaka ),( Yusuke Sekino ),( Hiroshi Iida ),( Eiji Yamada ),( Hidenori Ohkubo ),( Eiji Sakai ),( Takuma Higurashi ),( Kunihiro Hosono ),( Hiroki Endo ),( Tomoko Koide ),( Hirokazu Takahashi 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2013 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.19 No.2

The gastrointestinal motility effects of endogenous incretin hormones enhanced by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors have not yet been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether single pre-prandial sitagliptin, the DPP-IV inhibitor, administration might have an effect on the rate of liquid gastric emptying using the 13C-acetic acid breath test. Methods Ten healthy male volunteers participated in this randomized, two-way crossover study. The subjects fasted for overnight and were randomly assigned to receive 50 mg sitagliptin 2 hours before ingestion of the liquid test meal (200 kcal per 200 mL, containing 100 mg 13C-acetate) or the test meal alone. Under both conditions, breath samples were collected for 150 minutes following the meal. Liquid gastric emptying was estimated by the values of the following parameters: the time required for 50% emptying of the labeled meal (T1/2), the analog to the scintigraphy lag time for 10% emptying of the labeled meal (Tlag), the gastric emptying coefficient and the regression-estimated constants (β and k), calculated by using the 13CO2 breath excretion curve using the conventional formulae. The parameters between the 2 test conditions were compared statistically. Results No significant differences in the calculated parameters, including T1/2, Tlag, gastric emptying coefficient or β and k, were observed between the 2 test conditions. Conclusions The present study revealed that single-dose sitagliptin intake had no significant influence on the rate of liquid gastric emptying in asymptomatic volunteers.

Unclear Abdominal Discomfort: Pivotal Role of Carbohydrate Malabsorption

( Miriam Goebel Stenge ),( Andreas Stenge ),( Marco Schmidtmann ),( Ivo Van Der Voort ),( Peter Kobelt ),( Hubert Monnikes ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2014 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.20 No.2

Background/AimsCarbohydrate malabsorption is frequent in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders and in healthy volunteers and cancause gastrointestinal symptoms mimicking irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence ofsymptomatic lactose and fructose malabsorption in a large population of patients with IBS-like symptoms based on Rome II criteria. MethodsPatients with unclear abdominal discomfort (n = 2,390) underwent lactose (50 g) and fructose (50 g) hydrogen (H2) breathtests and depending on the results further testing with 25 g fructose or 50 g glucose, or upper endoscopy with duodenalbiopsies. Additionally, this population was investigated regarding the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)based on glucose breath test and celiac disease. ResultsOf the 2,390 patients with IBS-like symptoms, 848 (35%) were symptomatic lactose malabsorbers and 1,531 (64%) symptomaticfructose malabsorbers. A combined symptomatic carbohydrate malabsorption was found in 587 (25%) patients. Severefructose malabsorbers (pathologic 25 g fructose test) exhaled significantly higher H2 concentrations in the 50 g test than patientswith negative 25 g fructose test (P < 0.001). Out of 460/659 patients with early significant H2 increase in the lactoseand fructose test who underwent a glucose breath test, 88 patients had positive results indicative of SIBO and they were significantlyolder than patients with negative test result (P < 0.01). Celiac disease was found in 1/161 patients by upper endoscopy. ConclusionsCarbohydrate malabsorption is a frequent but underestimated condition in patients with IBS-like symptoms although diagnosiscan be easily confirmed by H2 breath testing.

Effects of instrumental pilates exercise using diaphragmatic breathing on flexibility, abdominal muscle thickness, muscle mass, body fat and breathing in adults in their 20s

김성길,정민경,박종민,오종선,이동엽,홍지헌,유재호,김진섭 동방문화대학원대학교 자연치유연구소 2022 자연치유연구 Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of Pilates exercise through Hundred, Roll down, Teaser, Leg stretch on muscle thickness, pulmonary function test, body mass index, flexibility test. Methods: The sample 35 peoples without any musculoskeletal disease who volunteered to be the subject of the study. We measured all subjects on following metrics to evaluate the flexibility, Fev1 / FVC, abdominal muscle thickness, body mass and muscle mass, with AB pilates and NAB pilates. All measures were analyzed using Repeated measures ANOVA using fisher’s LSD. Results: Pilates exercise has positive effects on abdominal muscle thickness and flexibility. SaR test showed significant significance before exercise and between exercise to which breathing was applied and exercise to which breathing was not applied (P<0.05). Muscle thickness measurement In TRA, EO, and IO, there were significant differences in both breathing-applied and non-breathing exercises than before exercise (P<0.05), and in TRA and IO, there was no significant difference between the time of adding and not breathing exercises (P>0.05). However, in EO, there was a significant difference between the time when breathing exercise was added and the time when breathing exercise was not performed (P<0.05). Conlusion: Conclusionally, the results showed that Pilates exercise with diaphragm respiration and Pilates exercise without diaphragm respiration had a positive effect on abdominal muscle thickness and flexibility. However, there is no significant difference between diaphragm respiration and non diaphragm respiration.