은행의 소유구조가 대출 및 경영성과에 미치는 영향

정성창(Sung-Chang Jung),전선애(Sun Eae Chun) 한국산업경제학회 2014 산업경제연구 Vol.27 No.6

본고에서는 우리나라 일반은행을 외국계 은행과 국내계 은행, 정부소유 은행과 민간소유 은행으로 분류하고, 소유구조에 따라 대출행태와 경영성과가 상이한지 분석하였다. 분석 결과 외국계 은행은 국내계 은행에 비해 중소기업대출비율이 낮고, 총자산에서 대출이 차지하는 비중도 낮아 외국계 은행의 진입이 전통적인 은행업무의 비중을 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 외국계 은행은 경기침체 등으로 대출여건이 악화될 경우 중소기업대출비율을 낮추는 것으로 나타나 강한 경기순응성을 보여주었다. 외국계 은행의 경우 국내은행에 비해 순이자마진(NIM)으로 본 수익성은 높았으나, 금리스프레드와 운영경비율로 본 효율성 지표는 국내계 은행에 비해 떨어져, 일반적으로 외국계 은행이 국내계 은행에 비해 더 효율적일 거라는 예측과는 상반된 결과가 도출되었다. 정부소유 은행은 경기침체기에 민간은행에 비해 중소기업대출을 늘리는 것으로 분석되었지만 분석모형에 따라 결과가 일관되지 않았으며, 민간소유은행에 비해 효율성은 높으나 수익성은 떨어지는 것으로 분석되었다. 한편, 대출시장에서 외국계 은행의 비중이 증가할수록 예수금 규모가 큰 대형은행의 수익성은 악화되는 경향을 보여 금융시장의 경쟁도가 높아졌음을 시사하였고, 또한 외국계 은행의 진입이 국내 금융시장의 효율성 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 분석되었다. This study evaluates the effect of ownership structure of Korean banks on the lending behavior and bank performance. The empirical analysis results show that foreign banks lend to SMEs less than domestic banks, while the ratio of lending to total asset smaller than that of domestic banks which suggests that the presence of foreign banks tend to reduce the share of traditional lending business in the domestic banking industry. Also, foreign banks are analyzed to reduce the lending to SMEs when the economy is in recession. While foreign banks are found to be more profitable when the proxy variable used for profit is NIM(net interest margin), the foreign banks are found to be less efficient in terms of interest rate spread and operating costs, which is different from what is expected in general. Government owned banks are found to increase the SMEs lending even though the estimation results are not robust depending on the empirical analysis models used. Government owned banks are evaluated to be more efficient than privately owned banks even though the profitability of them are smaller than that of private banks. Increase in the foreign share in the domestic loan market is found to enhance competitiveness and efficiency of the domestic banking industry.

유로존 위기의 은행 문제와 그 간단한 모형

최성섭 ( Sung Sup Choi ) 아시아.유럽미래학회 2012 유라시아연구 Vol.9 No.3

유로존 위기에선 유럽은행들이 갖고 있는 많은 부채가 시장악화기제의 역할을 하면서 시장 상황을 악화시킨 측면이 크고, 이와 함께 힘든 상황에 있는 유럽은행들로 하여금 더욱 부담을 지우는 잘못된 규제도 어려워진 시장상황을 더욱 어렵게 만드는데 한 몫을 했다고 본다. 본 논문은 여러 자료에 나타난 유럽은행 들의 문제를 살펴보고, 어떻게 유럽은행들이 갖고 있는 많은 부채가 시장상황이 좋을 때에는 유럽은행들로 하여금 자산크기를 키우게 했지만 힘들어진 상황에선 유럽은행들에게 큰 부담을 지우게 하면서 유로존 위기가 커졌는지를 간단한 모형을 통해 알아본다. 먼저 간단한 모형은 재무상태표의 확장 또는 축소를 통해 이해된다. 예를 들어 위험자산 가격이 p에서p’으로 오르면서, 대표적인 유럽은행의 자기자본 가치가 e에서 e’으로 증가했다고 하자. 이렇게 자기자본 가치가 e에서 e’으로 오르면, 대표적인 유럽은행은 위험자산에 대한 최선의 선택을 y에서 y’으로 늘리게 된다. 그런데 중요한 사실은 y가 y’로 증가하는 과정에 두 개의 단계를 거친다는 점이다. 즉, e가 e’로 늘어나면 대표적인 유럽은행의 자산가치는 일차적으로 커지는데, 이것이 y가 y’로 증가하는 과정의 첫 번째 단계이며, 이렇게 대표적인 유럽은행의 자산가치가 일차적으로 증가하면, e도 e’로 늘어났기 때문에, VaR 조건을 만족시키면서 추가로 부채를 더 쓸 수 있는 여력이 생기는 것이다. 그리고 이렇게 추가 부채를 쓰면 대표적인 유럽은행의 자산가치는 이차적으로 더 커지게 된다. 결과적으로 시장상황이 호전될 때 대표적인 유럽은행의 경우 자산과 부채를 동시에 1:1 비율로 늘리게 되는데, 이 때 보완된 Basel I이나 Basel II 규제의 조건을 충분히 충족시키면서 일차적으로는 자기자본 가치의 상승으로 인한 자산 가치의 상승, 이차적으로는 추가 부채를 사용함으로 자산 가치가 추가로 더 상승하게 되는 것이다. 다시 말하면 시장상황이 좋을 때 유럽은행은 자산가치가 오르자 부채를 더 많이 쓰게 되면서 자신의 이미 커진 자산가치를 더 증폭시켰다는 것이다. 그런데 2007-8년 글로벌 금융위기가 발생하자 시장상황은 어려워졌고, 그 때부턴 반대의 상황이 전개됐다. 일차적으로는 자기자본 가치의 하락에 의한 자산 가치의 하락, 이차적으로는 추가 부채를 줄임으로 인한 자산가치의 추가 하락으로 유럽은행들은 악순환을 반복하게 된 것이다. 유럽은행과 미국 금융시장 그리고 미국 shadow banking system 간의 밀접한 연관관계는 미국 발 2007-8년 글로벌 금융위기를 유로존 지역으로 쉽게 번지게 한 것처럼, 유로존 위기가 제대로 수습이 되지 못할 경우 그 위기는 다시 미국으로 옮겨지게 될 것임도 시사한다. BIS은행 자료에 의하면 상당 액수에 달하는 유럽은행 보유 달러자산이 미국 shadow banking system을 통해 흘러 들어왔고, 동시에 유럽 은행들이 보유하고 있는 대부분의 달러자산은 미국 wholesale funding market을 통해 조달된 것으로 확인된다. 2007-8년 글로벌 금융위기 이전 미국 외에서 거래되는 달러자산의 규모는 10조 달러를 넘어 미국 상업은행 총자산 규모를 능가했고, 이 중 반 정도가 유럽은행 보유자산인 것으로 파악된다. 나머지 반 정도의 달러자산은 신흥국가나 조세회피 지역으로 흘러들어간 것으로 짐작된다. 한편 부채 측면을 보면 유럽은행들은 미국의 금융 도매시장을 통해 역시 엄청난 수준의 자금을 조달하고 있는데, 2007-8년 글로벌 금융위기 이전 미국에서 조달된 Asset-backed Commercial Paper(ABCP)의 70%는 유럽은행들에 의해 조달된 것으로 알려지고 있다. 미국에 있는 외국계 은행의 자회사나 지점에서 본국으로 송금하는 돈의 움직임을 보면 2000년 이후부터 많아지면서, 그 규모가 2007-8년 글로벌 금융위기까지 계속 증가하고 있다. 이는 미국과 밀접한 연관관계에 있는 유럽은행들이 미국 금융시장을 통해 2007-8년 글로발 금융위기 이전까지 자금조달을 늘려 부채를 키워왔음을 의미한다. 재미있는 사실은 이렇게 키운 부채가 shadow banking system을 통해 다시 미국에 유럽은행 달러자산의 형태로 들어왔다는 점이다. 유럽은행 자산과 부채의 net position을 보면 이런 현상은 감지되기 어렵다. 하지만 유럽은행들은 2007-8년 글로벌금융위기 이전, 미국 금융기관들이 자산과 부채를 동시에 늘렸던 것처럼, 이들도 자산과 부채를 동시에 늘리면서 방만한 투자를 해 왔던 것이다. 그러나 미국발 2007-8년 글로벌 금융위기가 닥치자 미국이 어려웠던 것처럼 유럽은행들도 큰 어려움에 처한다. 그 중요한 이유는 유럽은행들 역시 보유하고 있는 엄청난 규모의 부채가 시장악화기제의 역할을 했기 때문이다. 하지만 미국처럼 전방위적인 재정 및 통화정책을 펼치면서 위기를 수습할 수 없었던 유럽은 미국 발 2007-8년 글로벌 금융위기를 유로존 위기로 이어가면서 아직까지도 그 뒷수습을 하고 있다. 물론 유로의 특별한 문제점도 있고, 그리스 같은 나라는 정부차원에서 빚을 많이 썼기 때문에 재정위기의 측면도 있다. 하지만 유로존 위기의 본질은 부채의 위기이며 그 핵심에는 유럽은행들이 중요한 역할을 했다고 본다. 동시에 간과해서는 안 될 부분이 바로 이 유럽은행들과 미국 금융 시스템과의 밀접한 연계다. 유로존 위기가 수습이 안된다면 필연적으로 유로존 위기는 미국 금융 시스템으로의 전이가 불가피하다. 이런 점에서 미국은 유로존 위기 해법의 도출을 위해 유럽과 같이 협력할 필요가 있을 것이다. 더욱이 유럽은행 들의 상당한 자금은 신흥시장으로도 흘러 들어간 것으로 파악되어지는 만큼 만일 유로존 위기가 제대로 수습이 안 될 경우 그 파급효과는 거의 전 세계적 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 유로존 위기는 차차선책이라도 동원하여 수습되는 것이 매우 중요하다는 판단이며, 그렇기위해선 유럽은행들이 갖고 있는 부채의 문제를 푸는 것이 관건이다. In Eurozone crisis, the enormous debt that European banks have accumulated in booming periods has played an important role of market amplification mechanism and has aggravated the market crash in falling markets. In addition, the misplaced regulation has made the situation worse at the same time. In this context, the paper investigates the problem of European banks in terms of various data and statistics, and proposes a brief model which could explain how the problem of European banks amplifies the market crash during the crisis. The brief model is based on expansion/contraction of the balance sheet. If the price of a risky asset goes up from p to p’, the price of a representative European bank’s equity rises from e to e’ as well. As the equity price rises from e to e’, an European bank makes its optimal selection on a risky asset by increasing y to y’. An important point is that the process of increasing y to y’ involves 2 separate steps. When e rises to e’, the asset size rises to start with, which is the first step of increasing y to y’. As the asset size rises, however, more rooms are made to use more debt, while satisfying VaR requirement, because of the first step of increasing y to y’. Then the use of more debt leads to the second step of rise in the asset size. As a result, debt and asset of a representative European bank move upward in a lock step (i.e. 1:1 ratio) in booming periods. Note that a representative European bank satisfies Basel requirements easily, and yet as the first step its asset size goes up with increase in equity, and its asset size continues to rise when the bank uses extra debt, which is the second step of rise. As the market turns its swing during 2007-8 global crisis, the opposite happened. When the price of a risky asset falls, the price of equity falls, leading to the first step of decreasing y’ to y. Deleveraging then follows, which makes the asset size further contracted. Hence, a vicious cycle. Since European banks are closely related to American financial markets and its shadow banking system, 2007-8 global crisis affected the Eurozone and worsened the matters in Eurozone. By the same token, the Eurozone crisis will certainly affect the United States, if it is not well taken care of. BIS banking statistics point to the combination of two important features for understanding Eurozone crisis. First, the US-dollar denominated assets of banks outside the United States are comparable in size to the total assets of the US commercial banking sector, peaking at over $10 trillion prior to the crisis. The BIS banking statistics reveal that a substantial portion of external US dollar claims are the claims of European banks against US counterparties. Second, on the funding side, European banks have been financed their activities by tapping the wholesale funding market in the US. For instance, the interoffice accounts of foreign bank branches in the US reveal that foreign banks were raising large amounts of US dollar funding in the US and then channeling the funds to head office. Through these and other means, the large gross claims of European banks on US counterparties are matched by their large gross liabilities to US-based savers. As a result, European banks draw wholesale funding from the US and then lend it back to US residents. Although European banks’ presence in the domestic US commercial banking sector may not look large, their impact on overall credit conditions looms much larger through the shadow banking system in the United States that relies on capital market-based financial intermediaries who intermediate funds through securitization of claims. As American banks, European banks have been aggressive in using debts. Then 2007-8 global crisis put both of them in trouble. European banks have suffered mainly because they had huge debts, which played a market amplification mechanism. American banks suffered too since they also had huge debts, but luckily they have been better bailed out by more effective and efficient American fiscal and monetary policies. Eurozone crisis is unique in that they have common monetary base, Euro, without Fiscal unification, and some European governments, like Greece, contribute to the rise of debts in a significant manner. However, the key in Eurozone crisis is that it is a debt crisis, and European banks played a major role in it. Another important point is the close connection between European banks and American financial system. For this reason, the US need to participate in mitigating Eurozone crisis as well. Moreover, much funds have been believed to flow from European banks to emerging markets and Tax Haven. As a result, the Eurozone crisis needs to be solved, and, if not, it may result in a world-wide second Great Depression crisis. In order to help Eurozone crisis resolved, the debt problem, the key in market amplification mechanism in Eurozone crisis (as well as 2007-8 global crisis), has to be well taken care of, and the regulation problem also needs to be better complemented.

The Bank-lending Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission in China: A Comparison between Chinese and Foreign Banks

LINAN,이연호 한국경제연구학회 2015 Korea and the World Economy Vol.16 No.2

This paper comparatively examines the bank-lending channel of monetary policy transmission in China between Chinese and foreign banks. We consider 22 foreign banks and 67 domestic banks that account for about 82-88% of total bank assets in China. We focus on the period 2007-2013 during which foreign banks in China had dramatically increased, following the liberalization of the entry of foreign banks at the end of 2006. In our models, we allow for heterogeneity in banks’ characteristics such as size, capitalization, liquidity, credit risk and efficiency. Using a fixed effect model, we find that bank ownership plays a critical role in determining bank’s response to monetary policy. In specific, foreign banks are found to be less sensitive to China’s monetary policy than Chinese banks, but they are sensitive to the real interest rate of U.S. This finding points to the existence of internal capital markets in case of foreign banks. Foreign banks can use internal capital market to buffer the impact of monetary policy on loans. As a result, they could reduce their loans by less than Chinese banks in response to tight monetary policy. When the Chinese monetary authority conducts monetary policies, therefore, it should keep in mind that larger changes in monetary policy instruments are required to obtain the same desired change in aggregate demand in the presence of the buffering effects of foreign banks. We also find that the effects of price instruments and quantitative instruments of monetary policy on Chinese banks’ lending behavior are different. For example, Chinese banks’ lending is more sensitive to policy lending rate than to required reserve ratio.

Analysis of Bank Efficiency Between Conventional Banks and Regional Development Banks in Indonesia

Zaenal ABIDIN,R.Mahelan PRABANTARIKSO,Rhisya Ayu WARDHANI,Endri ENDRI 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.1

The research aims to analyze the level of efficiency by grouping banks during the period 2017 - 2018 into category 1 and category 2 banks and then dividing them as Regional Development Banks (BPD) and Non-BPD Conventional Commercial Banks (BUK) within each category. The research objects are banks within the categories BPD and BUK comprised 18 BPDs and 35 BUKs. The research methodology uses 3 stages, first, using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) we measure the level of bank efficiency; second, using the Tobit regression model we evaluate the effect of financial performance on DEA efficiency, and third, using the Mann-Whitney test we determine whether there is a difference in the efficiency of category 1 and 2 banks. The results showed that there was a decrease in the efficiency of category 1 and 2 banks but on average, the efficiency of category 1 banks is higher than category 2 banks. The estimation results of the Tobit regression model show that only the ROA variable affects the efficiency level of category 1 banks, while category 2 banks are influenced by NPL and ROA variables. In the Mann-Whitney test, it was proven that there were differences in efficiency between BUK and BPD in category 1 and 2 banks.

The Bank-lending Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission in China

Nan Li,Yeonho Lee 한국경제연구학회 2015 Korea and the World Economy Vol.16 No.2

This paper comparatively examines the bank-lending channel of monetary policy transmission in China between Chinese and foreign banks. We consider 22 foreign banks and 67 domestic banks that account for about 82-88% of total bank assets in China. We focus on the period 2007-2013 during which foreign banks in China had dramatically increased, following the liberalization of the entry of foreign banks at the end of 2006. In our models, we allow for heterogeneity in banks’ characteristics such as size, capitalization, liquidity, credit risk and efficiency. Using a fixed effect model, we find that bank ownership plays a critical role in determining bank’s response to monetary policy. In specific, foreign banks are found to be less sensitive to China’s monetary policy than Chinese banks, but they are sensitive to the real interest rate of U.S. This finding points to the existence of internal capital markets in case of foreign banks. Foreign banks can use internal capital market to buffer the impact of monetary policy on loans. As a result, they could reduce their loans by less than Chinese banks in response to tight monetary policy. When the Chinese monetary authority conducts monetary policies, therefore, it should keep in mind that larger changes in monetary policy instruments are required to obtain the same desired change in aggregate demand in the presence of the buffering effects of foreign banks. We also find that the effects of price instruments and quantitative instruments of monetary policy on Chinese banks’ lending behavior are different. For example, Chinese banks’ lending is more sensitive to policy lending rate than to required reserve ratio.

효율적인 국내은행의 순위변화 측정 : Super효율성접근

박노경 대한경영학회 2003 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.16 No.1

The measure of super-efficiency was put forward by Andersen and Petersen(1993) as a way to distinguish between the efficient observations. In particular the super-efficiency measure examines the maximal radial change in inputs and/or outputs for an observation to remain efficient, i.e. how much can the inputs be increased(or the outputs decreased) without becoming inefficient. The larger the value of the super-efficiency measure the higher an observation is ranked among the efficient units. The purpose of this paper is to determine rankings of the efficient Korean banks using super-efficiency method with the trend change of rankings of those efficient banks during 6 years(1995-2000) for 3 inputs(labour, fixed assets, number of branches) and 3 outputs(loans, deposits, and equity). The main empirical results of this paper are as follows. First, the ranking order of efficient banks under super CCR model is Shinhan, Boram, Hana, Korea First, Hanil Banks before IMF supervision system, and after IMF system, Boram, Hana, Shinhan, Foreign Exchange, and Pyunghwa Banks. Second, the top ranked efficient banks under super BCC model are Choheung, Commercial, Foreign Exchange, and Kookmin Banks before IMF system, and after 1998, Kookmin, Hanvit, Housing, and Pyunghwa Banks. The policy implications to the Korean banks and planners are as follows. First, inefficient banks should choose the highest banks which are recommended by Super-efficiency method among the efficient banks as the benchmarking bank for the purpose of introducing the management way to enhance the inefficient bank's efficiency. Second, FSS(Financial Supervisory Service) should introduce the new methods for enhancing the efficient banks' efficiency further more

商业银行社会责任问题研究

崔金珍 한중법학회 2010 中國法硏究 Vol.13 No.-

Chinese Commercial Banks can achieve good performance, largely thanks to national attention and support to Commercial Banks reform and development. Therefore, when the Commercial Banks formulate the strategy, they should put social responsibility stress on the important position. The social responsibility of commercial banks mainly include the responsibilities which commercial banks should fulfill their renposibilities for stakeholders, in the economic, legal, moral and philanthropic. Economic responsibility is the foundation of legal liability, moral responsibility and liability charity. The Commercial Bank as a particular coorporation should obey the relevant regulations including ethics provisions, and perform its economic mission. It is very important that they should give up their profits according to law sometimes. Moral responsibility and philanthropic liability are sublimated on the basis of realization of economic responsibility and legal liability. it directly reflects the social esponsibility of the enterprise. Corporate social responsibility is increasingly becoming the hot issue all around the world, while social responsibility of commercial banks which is a special corporate in China is more important. Our Commercial Banks in the social responsibilities still have many shortcomings. Our country Commercial Banks, in a certain extent, realize the importance of social responsibilities, while it still stays in the surface and do not rise to the strategic height in accordance with disclosure information. And when carrying out their social responsibilities, a several of Commercial Banks, in a certain extent, still cling to the "gdo good thing and earn money"h which is a "gadvertisement"h to improve their public relations. Their purposes lie in profit or other benefits, corporate social responsibility is just a means of profit. It need several elements for commercial banks to fulfill their social responsibility, such as, the power of government, mandatory laws and institutions, the internal self-regulatory mechanism in the commercial banks. In the initial stage of social responsibility, it is very important for Commercial Banks to realize that carrying out the economic and legal liability is legal obligations, or will be punished by the law. At the same time, we should exercise a closer supervision over the government, industry and other regulatory function. In the Commercial Banks internal level, we should adjust the governance structure of Commercial Banks.

개혁개방 이후 중국 은행산업의 구조와 성과: 국유은행과 주식제 은행의 차이를 중심으로

육택휘(Ze-Hui Liua),최동욱(Dong-Ook Choi) 강원대학교 경영경제연구소 2023 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.14 No.4

Purpose - This study applies the traditional Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) model from industrial organization theory to investigate the relationship between market structure and performance in China's banking industry. Design/methodology/approach - For analysis, financial data from the People's Bank of China's “China Financial Stability Report” and financial reports of 6 state-owned banks and 11 joint-stock banks for the period 2010 to 2021 were collected to create a balanced panel dataset. The study employs panel fixed-effects regression analysis to assess the impact of changes in market structure and ownership structure on performance variables including return on asset, profitability, costs, and non-performing loan ratios. Findings - Empirical findings highlight significant differences in the effects of market structure between state-owned and joint-stock banks. Notably, increased market competition positively correlates with higher profits for state-owned banks and with lower costs for joint-stock banks. Research implications or Originality - State-owned banks demonstrate larger scale and stability, yet they struggle to respond effectively to market shifts. Conversely, joint-stock banks face challenges in raising profitability against competitive pressures. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance for Chinese banks to strengthen risk management due to the increase of non-performing loans with competition. The results provide insights into reform policies for Chinese banks regarding the involvement of private sector in the context of market liberalization process in China.

중국 상업은행의 유동성 리스크 결정요인 및 개선방안

우뢰,장동한 한국동북아경제학회 2013 동북아경제연구 Vol.25 No.3

With China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, many foreign banks have entered China while Chinese banking and insurance industry have opened up their market. In a fierce competition most Chinese commercial banks have paid more attention to profit making while not caring much about liquidity management. In recent years, however, liquidity problems caused by the global financial crisis made many banks and financial institutions broke around the world. This paper is to analyze the determinants of liquidity risk of Chinese commercial banks and to see if there is any difference between large commercial banks and small & medium size commercial banks. The data used in this paper are from the database BankScope IBCA-Fitch, the People’s Bank of China and China Statistical Yearbook. The panel data of 25 commercial banks over 2004-2011 period is used to estimate the determinants of liquidity risk using system GMM regression estimation. Results of the empirical analysis are as follows: first, non-performing loan ratio of commercial banks is found statistically significant on the liquidity risk. It means that non-performing loan ratio has triggered the liquidity risk of commercial banks as a major determinant. External factors of commercial banks, such as reserve ratio and global crisis have significant effect on the liquidity risk of Chinese commercial banks. It implies that the People’s Bank of China may be able to control liquidity problems and manage liquidity risk of Chinese commercial banks using monetary policies.

한국 인터넷전문은행의 발전전략에 관한 연구 : 케이뱅크와 카카오뱅크 사례를 중심으로

김소형,박진우 한국경영컨설팅학회 2018 경영컨설팅연구 Vol.18 No.4

Internet Primary Bank, with the development of FinTech technology, is emerging as a new model for the banking market. Internet-specialized banks have the characteristics to be available to customers 24 hours a day, and a core benefit of interest rate, low fee, unlike traditional offline banks. However, there are some risk factors that internet-specialized banks must have, such as security risks, profitability and liquidity and strategic risks. In this study, we analyze the competitive and risk factors of Internet-specialized banks, and examine the response strategies of commercial banks through the advance international market pioneers such as Pidor Bank and Charles Schwab. For the purpose of this study, we consulted secondary data related to FinTech and Internet specialist banks and analyzed the cases of Korea's Internet-specialized banks K-Bank and Kakao Bank. This study could provide implications for the Bank of Korea's Internet Services to strengthen its core capabilities and control risk. Further, it can serve as a reference to enhancing the competitiveness of domestic banks by analyzing factors that promote competition among banks. Further, it can serve as are reference to enhancing the competitiveness of domestic banks by analyzing factors that promote competition among banks. 핀테크(FinTech) 기술의 발달과 함께 등장한 인터넷전문은행(Internet Primary Bank)은 은행시장의 새로운 모델로 대두되고 있다. 인터넷전문은행은 오프라인에 기반한 전통적인 은행들과 달리 온라인상의 비대면 서비스에 기반하므로 365일 24시간 고객이 이용할 수 있다는 특징을 가지고 있으며 금리혜택, 낮은 수수료, 편의성과 접근성 등의 차별화된 핵심역량을 갖추고 있다. 그러나 보안 리스크, 수익성 및 유동성 리스크, 전략 리스크 등 인터넷전문은행이 근원적으로 가질 수밖에 없는 리스크 요인도 존재한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 인터넷전문은행의 경쟁력 요인과 리스크 요인을 분석하고 시중은행들의 대응전략을 조사하는 한편 독일의 피도르 뱅크와 미국의 찰스 슈왑 뱅크 같이 해외의 인터넷전문은행의 앞선 성공사례와 성공요인을 탐구함으로서 인터넷전문은행의 리스크 통제 방안과 경쟁력 제고 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구를 위하여 핀테크 및 인터넷전문은행과 관계된 논문 및 관계기관들의 2차 자료를 참고하며 한국의 인터넷전문은행 케이뱅크와 카카오뱅크를 사례 분석하였다. 또한 국내 시중은행과 해외 인터넷전문은행들에 대한 조사도 함께 수행하였다. 본 연구는 한국 인터넷전문은행이 핵심역량을 강화하고, 리스크를 통제하는데 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이며, 나아가 은행 간 경쟁촉진 요인을 분석함으로서 국내 은행산업 경쟁력 제고에 참고자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.