Energetic surface heterogeneity of nanocrystalline TiO2 films for dye-sensitized solar cells

권규혁,이재욱,황경준,심왕근,박경희,구할본 한국화학공학회 2007 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.24 No.5

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been receiving significant attention because they have many advantages compared to conventional organic solar cells. It has been known that the photovoltaic characteristics of DSSC are highly dependent on the adsorption properties of dyes on TiO 2 films. To analyze the surface heterogeneity of TiO 2 surfaces, single-phase anatase nanocrystallite titanium films were prepared by sol-gel method using the hydrolysis reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide under acidic condition and characterized by XRD, FE-SEM and BET analysis. The adsorption energy distribution functions were calculated by the generalized nonlinear regularization method. It was found that the shape and the intensity of the adsorption energy distribution curve determined were highly related with the physical properties (i.e., geometrical heterogeneity) and chemical characteristics (i.e., energetic heterogeneity) of nanocrystalline TiO 2 for DSSC.

실무에서 나타나는 다양한 선하증권과 그 대용물

김인현 국제거래법학회 2013 國際去來法硏究 Vol.22 No.1

The Bill of Lading(B/L) has three functions such as a kind of contract for the carriage of goods by sea, a receipt of the goods and document of title. These functions of the B/L play great role in facilitating international trade between countries. However, some of functions impedes to the easy and fast receipt of the goods at the discharging port. The merchants have developed new methods to solve this problem. House B/L and Master B/L, Surrendered B/L, Delivery Order and Letter of Indemnity are those of good examples. The author tries to explain these various types of B/L engaged in the shipping practice in Korea, compared with the original negotiable B/L. The legal effects of these B/L are in doubt because Korean Commercial Code do not expressly stipulates on them. The House B/L rather than Master B/L is recognized as the B/L for negotiation to the issuing bank of L/C by the Korean courts. Whether the agreement in the rear side of the original B/L binds the holder of the surrendered B/L or not is in dispute in Korea. If the Korean maritime law does not catch up with the merchan’s practice on the new types of the B/L and its substitutes, the easy commercial transactions for the carriage of goods may be hampered due to legal uncertainty. In conclusion, the author makes several proposals to give legal certainty(foreseeability) to the stakeholders such as the carrier, shipper, consignee and banks who are involved in the various types of B/Ls engaged in the Korean shipping practice.

단일클론항체를 사용한 타액 내 Streptococcus mutans 검출

이민정,이대우,김미아,이경열,백병주,양연미,김재곤 大韓小兒齒科學會 2015 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.42 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 Streptococcus mutans의 Ag I/II와 glucosyltransferase에 대해 개발된 단일클론항체를 사용한 타액내 Streptococcus mutans 검출의 효용성을 평가하기 위함이다. 세 군(성인, 미성년자, 그리고 교정치료중인 미성년자)을대상으로 DMFT, Dentocult -SM strip mutans를 이용한 타액내의 colony density (CFU/mL), polymerase chain reaction을이용한 Sreptococcus mutans와 Sreptococcus sobrinus의 존재여부, 그리고 4가지 단일클론항체를 사용한 타액내 Streptococcus mutans 검출 실험을 시행하였다. 그 결과 Streptococcus mutans가 Streptococcus sobrinus보다 치아우식 형성에 더 주요하게 작용한다는 것을 입증하였으며, glucosyltransferases (gtf B, gtf C, gtf D)와 Ag I/II에 대한 단일클론항체들의 Streptococcus mutans를 검출해 내는 능력이 Dentocult -SM strip mutans나 polymerase chain reaction을사용한 검출법보다 뛰어남을 보였다. The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of a detection method for Streptococcus mutans insaliva with monoclonal antibodies developed targeting Ag I/II and glucosyltransferases (gtf B, gtf C and gtf D) inStreptococcus mutans. In the three groups tested (adults, minors, and minors under orthodontic treatment), theresults of the DMFT scores, the colony density (CFU/mL) in their saliva was measured using Dentocult -SMstrip mutans, polymerase chain reaction was performed to test whether Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcussobrinus were present, and Streptococcus mutans detecting tests performed in their saliva using four types ofmonoclonal antibody were collected. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the Streptococcus mutants plays more important role in forming dentalcaries compared to Streptococcus sobrinus, and that the monoclonal antibodies against glucosyltransferases(gtf B, gtf C, gtf D) and Ag I/II of Streptococcus mutans are superior in detecting Streptococcus mutans toDentocult -SM strip mutans or polymerase chain reaction.

퍼지제어에 의한 자연 환기 온실의 온도제어

정태상,민영봉,문경규 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2001 시설원예‧식물공장 Vol.10 No.1

This study was carried out to develop a fuzzy control technique of ventilation window for control-ling a temperature in a greenhouse. To reduce the fuzzy variables, the inside air temperature slop wastaken as one of fuzzy variables, because the inside air temperature variation of a greenhouse by ven-tilation at the same window aperture is affected by the difference between inside and outside air tem-perature, outside wind speed and the wind direction. Therefore, the antecedent variables for fuzzyalgorithm were used the control error and its slop, which was same value as the inside air tempera-ture slop during the control period, and the conclusion variable was used the window aperture open-ing rate. Through the basic and applicative control experiment with the control period of 3 minutes,the optimum ranges of fuzzy variables were decided. The control error and its slop were taken as 3and 1.5 times compared with target error in steady state, and the window opening rate were taken as30% of full size of the window aperture. To evaluate the developed fuzzy algorithm in which the opti-mized 19 rules of fuzzy production were used, the performances of fuzzy control and PID control werecompared. The temperature control errors by the fuzzy control and PID control were lower than1.3oC and 2.2oC respectively. The accumulated operating size of the window, the number of operatingand the number of inverse operating for the fuzzy control were 0.4 times, 0.5 times and 0.3 times ofthose compared with the PID control. Therefore, the fuzzy control can operate the window moresmooth and reduce the operating energy by 1/2 times of PID control.

Aspirin-Triggered Resolvin D1 Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced EndMT through Increasing the Expression of Smad7 and Is Closely Related to Oxidative Stress

Shu, Yusheng,Liu, Yu,Li, Xinxin,Cao, Ling,Yuan, Xiaolong,Li, Wenhui,Cao, Qianqian The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.2

The endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is known to be involved in the transformation of vascular endothelial cells to mesenchymal cells. EndMT has been confirmed that occur in various pathologic conditions. Transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$) is a potent stimulator of the vascular endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) has been known to be involved in the resolution of inflammation, but whether it has effects on TGF-${\beta}1$-induced EndMT is not yet clear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of AT-RvD1 on the EndMT of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells line (HUVECs). Treatment with TGF-${\beta}1$ reduced the expression of Nrf2 and enhanced the level of F-actin, which is associated with paracellular permeability. The expression of endothelial marker VE-cadherin in HUVEC cells was reduced, and the expression of mesenchymal marker vimentin was enhanced. AT-RvD1 restored the expression of Nrf2 and vimentin and enhanced the expression of VE-cadherin. AT-RvD1 did also affect the migration of HUVEC cells. Inhibitory ${\kappa}B$ kinase 16 (IKK 16), which is known to inhibit the NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway, had an ability to increase the expression of Nrf2 and was associated with the inhibition effect of AT-RvD1 on TGF-${\beta}1$-induced EndMT, but it had no effect on TGF-${\beta}1$-induced EndMT alone. Smad7, which is a key regulator of TGF-${\beta}$/Smads signaling by negative feedback loops, was significantly increased with the treatment of AT-RvD1. These results suggest the possibility that AT-RvD1 suppresses the TGF-${\beta}1$-induced EndMT through increasing the expression of Smad7 and is closely related to oxidative stress.

Effect of water pretreatment on CO2 capture using a potassium-based solid sorbent in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor

서용원,Sung-Ho Jo,Ho-Jung Ryu,Dal Hee Bae,Chong Kul Ryu,이창근 한국화학공학회 2007 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.24 No.3

A bubbling fluidized bed reactor was used to study CO 2 capture from flue gas by using a potassium-based solid sorbent, sorbKX35 which was manufactured by the Korea Electric Power Research Institute. A dry sorbent, sorbKX35, consists of K 2 CO 3 for absorption and supporters for mechanical strength. To increase initial CO 2 removal, some amount of H 2 O was absorbed in the sorbent before injecting simulated flue gas. It was possible to achieve 100 % CO 2 r e m o v a l f o r m o r e t h a n 1 0 m i n u t e s a t 6 0 o C a n d a r e s i d e n c e t i m e o f 2 s w i t h H 2 O pretreatment. When H 2 O pretreatment time was long enough to convert K 2 CO 3 of sorbKX35 into K 2 CO 3 ·1.5H 2 O, CO 2 removal was excellent. The results obtained in this study can be used as basic data for designing and operating a large scale CO 2 capture process with two fluidized bed reactors.

Software project Management process model design

Tai-Dal Kim 한국산업응용수학회 2003 Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and A Vol.7 No.1-1

Usualy, it causes great efect in whole project process when achieved project in e achieve project. U s u a l y , i t c a u s e s g r e a t e f e c t i n w h o l e p r o j e c t p r o c e ss when achieved project in state that do wrong design for "Project supervision process" before achieve projectThere is "IEEE STD 1074-1991, ISOMIL-STD-498 etc." in been using representative process model to embody software development and system.Project supervision process is studied to move through PM BOK and this t most develop 일반적으로 프로젝트를 수행하기에 앞서 프로젝트관리 프로세스에 대한 설계를 잘못 한 상태로 프로젝트를 수행하였을 때는 전체 프로젝트 공정에 커다란 영향을 주게 된다. 소프트웨어 개발 및 시스템을 구현하기 위해 사용되고 있는 대표적인 프로세스 모델에는 이 있다. 프로젝트 관리 프로세스는 이전까지는 PM BOK을 통해 연구되며 이를 기반으로 실용화된 국내 패키지도 일부 나와 있으나 프로젝트 특성과 개발조직의 특성상 실무에 직접 사용하기에는 다소 문제점을 갖고 있어 대부분이 자체 개발하거나 외부의 도구를 도입 커스텀마이징(customizing)하여 사용하고 있다. 현재는 프로젝CMMI(Capability Maturity Model Integration)을 통해 표준화된 권고안이 만들어 지고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이들을 실제 국내 프로젝트들에 적용하기 위한 표준화된 모델 설계는 현재도 소프트웨어 응용 각 분야에서 프로젝트가 수행되고 있기 때문에 시급히 그 표준화가 요구되며, 국내에서 공공기관 및 정부 투자기관들이 추진하고 있는 정보시스템에 대해 감리를 수행하고 있는 감리단체와 감리인을 위한 개괄적인 방안이 되기를 기대한다.. 관리 프로세스를 설계 사례를 제안한다. 이 방법은 프로세스, 활동, 테스크 들의 연관관계 를 도 식 화 하 고 있 다 .

벤조디아제핀 음독 환자에서 플루마제닐 (Flumazenil)사용에 대한 임상 분석

이미진,김한준,소병학,이원재,김세경 대한응급의학회 2003 대한응급의학회지 Vol.14 No.5

Ontology-based economics knowledge sharing system

유동희,노성천 ELSEVIER 2014 expert systems with applications Vol.410 No.20140

도시기본계획의 방재계획 부문에서 설정되어야 할 지표

강양석 대한국토·도시계획학회 2007 國土計劃 Vol.42 No.2

우리나라의 도시화는 대도시와 중소도시가 걸어온 발자취가 다소 다른 점이 있다 . 대도시의 경우는 재정적으로나 도시 환경적인 측면에서 전혀 대비책이 없는 상태에서 급작스럽게 유입되어오는 농촌 인구에 밀려 성장하였다. 특히 서울과 부산은 건설 관련 법규가 정비되지도 못하였음은 물론 국가의 체제마저 혼란하였던 시기에 폭발적인 성장을 하였는데, 이 시기에 고지대나 저지대의 국공유지는 불법불량주택에 의하여 점유 되기도 하였다 . 즉 산지(山地)가 많은 서울과 부산과 같은 대도시의 지 형적인 제한성은, 처음부터 수용할 수 있는 인구의 한계가 존재하였다고 할 수 있으나, 급증하는 인구에 밀려서 이러한 물리적 요소는 무시 되었다 . 한편 중소도시는 아주 느린 속도로 농촌 취락에서 성장하여 왔으나, 공업개발 및 대도시 위주인 국가 정책에 밀려서 계획적으로 성장할 기회를 놓친 것이 많다.현재 우리나라의 도시가 가지고 있는 재해 위험 요소는 이러한 도시화의 과 정에서 생겨난 것이 대부분이다 . 다시 말하면 대 도시의 경우는 인구 급증을 재정적으로 뒷받침할 수 없던 시기에, 한 도시가 가지고 있는 자연적인 제한성을 무시하면서까지 과대 과밀 되면서 생겨난 것이다 . 그리고 중소도시는 자연취락이 도시 규모로 성장하는 과 정에서 당연히 정비되어야할 도시기반 시설이 정비되지 않았기에 존재하는 재해위험요소가 대부분이다. 이상과 같은 우리나라의 도시 환경 속에서 대비하여야 하는 주요 재해유발충격은 2가지로 요약할 수 있다 .첫째는 이제까지 많이 겪어온 수해에 대한 대비이다. 이는 저지대 주거지에 더하여 , 최근 수해에 대한 특별한 고려 없이 진행된 신시가지 개발로 인하여 하류지역에 위치하는 도시에 수해를 일으킬 수 있어 큰 문제가 되고 있다.둘째는 화재와 지진이다 . 지진은 아직 피해를 가져올 수 있는 대규모가 발생하지는 않았지만, 매년 약 40회 정도 발생하고 있다 . 그러나 주거지의 좁은 도로와 이에 대한 고려 없이 건설된 지진에 극도로 취약한 조적조 다세대·다가구 주택은 큰 재해를 가져올 수 있다. 그리고 앞서 말한 바와 같이 화재와 지진에 의한 피해발생 형태와 이에 대처하는 사람들의 행태가 유사하게 되므로 지진에 강한 도시를 건설하는 것은 화재에 강한 도시를 건설하는 것이기도 하다 .