日帝時代 朝鮮總督府發行 韓國兒童用語學讀本에 나타난 漢字語와 漢文

심경호 한국한문교육학회 2009 한문교육논집 Vol.33 No.-

일제의 강점 시기에는 민족주의 지식인들이 아동들을 위한 조선어 교육에 부심하는 한편, 일제의 朝鮮總督府는 아동들에게 ‘국어’를 교육하고 부수적으로 조선어와 한문을 가르쳤다. 조선총독부의 조선어 및 한문 교육은 ‘국어’ 교육의 활성화를 위한 방편이었지, 조선어 자체의 발전이나 한문 지식의 확대를 위한 것이 아니었다. 또한 국어, 조선어, 한문 교육은 모두 식민지의 아동을 ‘忠良한 國民’으로 形成시키는데 주된 목적이 있었다. 이러한 언어 교육은 조선총독부가 修身書를 편찬하여 아동의 정신교육을 체계적으로 실시한 것과 상호 연관이 있었다고 생각된다. 본고는 조선총독부가 조선어 혹은 ‘국어’를 교육하기 위해 편찬한 普通學校 語學讀本에서 한자어와 한문을 어떻게 활용했는지 일별하였다. 朝鮮總督府發行 韓國兒童用語學讀本이 韓國人의 韓國語와 漢文에 끼친 영향은 다음과 같다고 개괄할 수 있다. (1) 朝鮮總督府發行 韓國兒童用語學讀本은 한국어와 한자, 한자어, 한문의 관련성에 주목하고 식민지 아동에게 민족어인 한국어를 일정한 정도로 교육하기 위해 한자, 한자어, 한문의 교육을 병행했다. 이 점은 한국어 형성의 역사를 고찰하고 한국어 발전의 방향을 가늠하고자 할 때 한 가지 주요한 관점을 제시했다고 할 수 있다. (2) 하지만 朝鮮總督府發行 韓國兒童用語學讀本은 한자와 한문에 대해 素養을 지니고 있는 사람들을 대상으로 삼기라도 한 듯, 어려운 漢字와 漢字語를 지나치게 많이 사용했다. 또한 朝鮮語讀本은 ‘卽하야, 因하야, ∼하는 樣이’ 등 「漢字+한글어미」의 語法이나 ‘如何, 勿論, 可謂’ 등 한문어투의 표현을 溫存시키고 敎範으로 삼음으로써 韓國語의 自己醇化의 기회를 빼앗았다. (3) 開化期以後 日帝時代에 걸쳐 急造되거나 輸入된 한자어들을 사실상 標準語로 公認하고 널리 교육시킴으로써 韓國語 語彙의 구성을 더욱 복잡하게 만들었다. (4) 漢文의 교육은 개인의 修身(孝, 交友 등 포함)과 사회적 同和를 강조하는 원문들을 주로 선별함으로써, 학습자들이 민족주의의 저항 의식과 반봉건의 진취적 정신을 고양시킬 여지를 남기지 않았다. 朝鮮總督府發行 韓國兒童用語學讀本의 한자, 한자어, 한문의 응용이 이후 한국의 한문 소양 형성과 한문 교육 방향에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지에 대해서는 향후 고찰이 필요하다. 또한 朝鮮總督府의 한문 교육 방향이나 내용이 臺灣總督府의 한문 교육정책이나 일본 文部省의 교육 방침과 어떤 관계에 있는지에 대해서도 종합적인 비교 연구가 필요하다. Under the rule of Japanese Imperialism, on the one hand nationalistic intellectuals endeavored to teach children Korean language, but on the other hand Joseon Government-general mainly taught children ‘the national language’ and secondarily taught Korean language and Chinese writing. The education of Korean language and Chinese writing executed by the Joseon Government-general was aimed at reinvigorating the education of ‘the national language’, not at advancing Korean language. Their most important purpose of teaching Korean language was to make children loyal to Japanese Imperialism. Then, these language educational policy of the Joseon Government-general was related to the organized moral education through publishing the ‘Sooshinseo(修身書)’. This study is on how the Joseon Government-general used sino-Korean and Chinese writing in the elementary school Language textbooks. The language textbooks for children published by the Joseon Government-general have some effect on Korean language and sino-Korean as follows. (1) The language textbooks for children published by the Joseon Government-general emphasized the relations between Chinese character, Chinese writing, sino-Korean and Korean language. And the Joseon Government-general taught children both Chinese writing and sino-Korean, to advanced their Korean language proficiency. On the basis of these points, we can watch the formation processes and the development direction of Korean language. (2) However, the language textbooks for children published by the Joseon Government-general mentioned very difficult sino-Korean vocabulary, as if it had been written for intellectual people. In additional, classical Chinese usage - ‘卽하야, 因하야, ~하는 樣이, 如何, 勿論, 可謂’ - remained in the Korean textbook[朝鮮語讀本]. So, we lost the chance to purify Korean language. (3) The Joseon Government-general officially recognized the sino-Korean vocabulary that had been hastily made under the rule of Japanese Imperial, and widely taught children it. So, the organization of Korean language vocabulary was very complicated. (4) The Joseon Government-general selected some Chinese writings as the text, those were mostly about loyalty, filial piety, moral training and social assimilation. So Korean student couldn’t enhance their nationalism and their will to revolt gainst authority. Hereafter, it requires that we research how sino-Korean Vocabulary and Chinese Writing in the Language Textbooks for Children published by the Joseon Government-general affected the formation of sino-Korean and the education of classical Chinese in Korea. And it need to research on the relations between the Korean education of classical Chinese, the policy of the Japanese Ministry of Education and the policy of the Taiwan Government-general.

국어 책임관 제도의 법령 검토와 활성화 방안 연구

배영환 한국공공언어학회 2024 공공언어학 Vol.11 No.-

이 연구는 국어 책임관 제도의 법적 근거를 살펴보고, 이에 대한 활성화 방안을 모색해 보는 데 목적이 있다. 현행 국어 책임관에 관한 법적 근거는 국어기본법과 국어기본법 시행령에 있다. 국어 책임관 제도는 2005년 국어기본법 제정 당시 권고 조항으로 도입되었으나, 2017년 법을 개정하면서 필수 조항으로 바뀌었다. 이에 따라 국가기관과 지방자치단체장은 기관 내 국어 책임관을 반드시 두어야 한다. 국어 책임관의 임무는 해당 공공기관의 공공언어 개선과 국어 사용 환경 개선, 근무자의 국어 능력 향상 추진 등으로 볼 수 있는데 무엇보다 핵심은 공공언어의 개선이라고 할 수 있다. 지방자치단체 등에 국어 진흥 관련 조례를 제정한 곳은 현재까지 144곳이 확인된다. 다만, 이들 가운데 국어 책임관 제도를 명시하지 않은 단체도 확인되고, 임무를 명시하지 않고 간략하게 언급한 곳과 국어책임관을 필수 사항으로 명시하지 않은 곳도 확인되었다. 국어책임관 제도의 문제점은 인식의 문제, 겸직에 따른 전문성의 문제, 임무의 불투명성의 문제, 사후 평가의 불투명성 측면에서 논의하였다. 국어 책임관 제도의 활성화 방안으로는 인식의 개선, 국어 전문관 제도 도입, 유인책(인센티브제) 도입, 업무 실적 평가 제도 활성화와 환류 시스템 정착 등이 필요한 것으로 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to examine the legal basis of the Korean language officer system and to seek ways to revitalize it. The legal basis for the current Korean language officer is in the Framework Act on the Korean Language and the Enforcement Decree of the Framework Act on the Korean Language. The Korean language officer system was first introduced as a recommended provision when the Framework Act on the Korean Language was enacted in 2005, and it was later amended to an essential provision when the law was revised in 2017. Consequently, state agencies and heads of local governments must have a Korean language officer. The duties of the Korean language officer include improving the public language of the relevant public institution, improving the environment in which the Korean language is used, and promoting the improvement of the Korean language ability of workers. Above all, it can be said that the key is the improvement of public language. So far, 144 local governments have enacted ordinances related to the promotion of the Korean language. However, some of these ordinances lack details on the Korean language officer system. In certain cases, only brief mentions of the duties of the Korean language officer are provided, and in some instances, the designation of the Korean language officer is not explicitly specified as mandatory. The challenges of the Korean language officer system are discussed in terms of recognition, professionalism due to concurrent positions, opacity of duties, and opacity of post-evaluation. As a way to revitalize the Korean language officer system, it is proposed that it is necessary to improve awareness, introduce a Korean language specialist system, implement incentives, revitalize the work performance evaluation system, and establish a feedback system.

일제시대(日帝時代) 조선총독부발행(朝鮮總督府發行) 한국아동용어학독본(韓國兒童用語學讀本)에 나타난 한자어(漢字語)와 한문(漢文)

심경호 ( Kyung Ho Sim ) 한국한문교육학회 2009 한문교육논집 Vol.33 No.-

Under the rule of Japanese Imperialism, on the one hand nationalistic intellectuals endeavored to teach children Korean language, but on the other hand Joseon Government-general mainly taught children `the national language` and secondarily taught Korean language and Chinese writing. The education of Korean language and Chinese writing executed by the Joseon Government-general was aimed at reinvigorating the education of `the national language`, not at advancing Korean language. Their most important purpose of teaching Korean language was to make children loyal to Japanese Imperialism. Then, these language educational policy of the Joseon Government-general was related to the organized moral education through publishing the `Sooshinseo(修身書)`. This study is on how the Joseon Government-general used sino-Korean and Chinese writing in the elementary school Language textbooks. The language textbooks for children published by the Joseon Government-general have some effect on Korean language and sino-Korean as follows. (1) The language textbooks for children published by the Joseon Government-general emphasized the relations between Chinese character, Chinese writing, sino-Korean and Korean language. And the Joseon Government-general taught children both Chinese writing and sino-Korean, to advanced their Korean language proficiency. On the basis of these points, we can watch the formation processes and the development direction of Korean language. (2) However, the language textbooks for children published by the Joseon Government-general mentioned very difficult sino-Korean vocabulary, as if it had been written for intellectual people. In additional, classical Chinese usage - `卽하야, 因하야, ~하는 樣이, 如何, 勿論, 可謂` - remained in the Korean textbook[朝鮮語讀本]. So, we lost the chance to purify Korean language. (3) The Joseon Government-general officially recognized the sino-Korean vocabulary that had been hastily made under the rule of Japanese Imperial, and widely taught children it. So, the organization of Korean language vocabulary was very complicated. (4) The Joseon Government-general selected some Chinese writings as the text, those were mostly about loyalty, filial piety, moral training and social assimilation. So Korean student couldn`t enhance their nationalism and their will to revolt gainst authority. Hereafter, it requires that we research how sino-Korean Vocabulary and Chinese Writing in the Language Textbooks for Children published by the Joseon Government-general affected the formation of sino-Korean and the education of classical Chinese in Korea. And it need to research on the relations between the Korean education of classical Chinese, the policy of the Japanese Ministry of Education and the policy of the Taiwan Government-general.

재일 동포의 한국어에 대한 태도와 학습 동기 강도가 한국어 능력에 미치는 영향

김희상,김효은 국제한국어교육학회 2017 한국어 교육 Vol.28 No.1

This study aims to analyze the effect of attitudes of Korean residents in Japan towards learning the Korean language and their motivational intensity on their Korean proficiency. Data for this study came from a survey on language use of Korean residents in Japan which was conducted in 2016, and questionnaire items referred to language attitude, language use and the degree of understanding language; language use; language learning and Korean ethnic identity. The main results are as follows. First, there were significant differences in Korean language proficiency depending on age, education levels and generation. Second, the control for socio-demographic characteristics, the influence of attitudes towards Korean language on Korean proficiency was statistically significant. However, Korean proficiency was not significantly influenced by motivational intensity. Lastly, moderated effects of immigrant generation in the relation between Korean language attitudes and Korean proficiency were significant. Therefore, the effect of Korean language attitudes on Korean proficiency was more influential on second and third generation Korean-Japanese learners than first generation Korean-Japanese learners. Based on these results, this study suggests that in order to promote Korean language education for Korean residents in Japan, it is required to build positive attitudes toward Korean language, and to consider immigrant generation as a major factor.

일반논문 : 국어교육과 한국어교육의 소통

원진숙 ( Jin Sook Won ) 한국어교육학회(구 한국국어교육연구학회) 2015 국어교육 Vol.0 No.151

In the past decade, Korean as a Foreign Language Education received increasing attention in Korean Language Education field due to two major factors: the rapid increase of culturally and linguistically diverse students in Korea, and the introduction of the 2012 National KSL(Korean as a Second Language) Curriculum. Naturally, Korean as a Foreign Language Education is distinguished from Korean Language Education concerning its purpose, content, and methods of education. Nonetheless, they also share a common factor in that they both teach the same language, Korean. So this study shall organize the relationship of these two fields by focusing on their academic adjacency and differences. Specifically, this study is based on the analysis of research results over the past decade, which are based on culturally and linguistically diverse students within the domain of Korean language education. Therefore, examining the connections between Korean Language Education and Korean as a Foreign Language Education was possible. Using the academic research information service(http://www.riss.kr), we analyzed various theses and papers on Korean Language Education in a meta-volume statistics mechanism. Through this, we identified that research based on Korean as a Foreign Language Education are showing numerous outcomes within the realm of Korean Language Education. Looking at these results in their respective themes, it was clear that research took place in this very order: teaching methodology research > contents based research > policy and situation related research. Here, an interesting discovery was that the teaching methodology research were more stressed than contents based research. This is because the cultivation of a ‘KSL Education system’ for culturally and linguistically diverse students was an urgent problem that needed to be addressed. These research studies on teaching methodology related reseach mainly emphasizes building a KSL system that supports language education for multicultural students inside the public school. Some examples of this emphasis are studies on the KSL(Korean as a Second Language) Curriculum, the development of standard KSL textbooks, the activation of KSL education programs, and training programs to enhance teachers’ competence. On the other hand, contents based research field which is the base of KSL Education, lacked in research results and appeared to be in an imbalanced state. In this regard, active interaction with the field of Korean as a Foreign Language Education, which has a relatively higher research capacity is definitely required. In addition, this study suggests that Korean Language Education and Korean as a Foreign Language Education must overcome their academic boundaries and join hands in concerning KSL education, thus bringing mutual development in both fields.

럿거스 대학의 시조 수업 사례 연구

염은열,유영미 한국어교육학회 2020 국어교육 Vol.0 No.170

Korean as a Foreign Language (KFL) programs in higher education in North America are experiencing unprecedented growth, placing Korean as the 11th in the midst of steady decrease of overall foreign language enrollments. Korean enrollments show the highest increase from 2006 to 2016 (MLA Report 2017). Currently more than 80 institutions offer three or more years of language instruction, and over 50 schools provide Korean studies (KS) courses within an Asian or a world languages department. In this era of quantitative expansion and content development, KFL courses are often considered a “service” component, and KS scholars rarely deal with primary materials in courses on literature, history, cinema and popular culture, thus completely putting aside the Korean language in the undergraduate program. Recent research findings, however, urge us to move from such a strict division towards integrated curricula that simultaneously promote linguistic and disciplinary proficiencies in foreign language programs. This paper reports on one such pedagogical attempt with a connections-based course at Rutgers The State University of New Jersey. “Korean Traditional Poetry: Sijo,” a content course offered in 2017 and 2020, examines one of the most prominent and enduring poetic forms of traditional Korea in the larger context of East Asian traditions and explores its unique structural and thematic properties through the lens of the language, religion and culture of Korea. In addition, the course analyzes the historical backgrounds of sasŏl sijo of the 18th century and modern sijo of the 20th century. In the process, cultural and linguistic implications of sijo translation and the current popularity of sijo in North America are also discussed. Some of the pedagogical implications emerging from the analysis of the course content are as follows. Firstly, it is possible to design a course according to the principles of Individualized Instruction and accommodate students with a wide spectrum of KFL proficiency and cultural/linguistic backgrounds. While mostly relying on English translations of sijo, it was possible to tap into the students’ prior knowledge of Korean language by foregrounding translation issues and providing Korean original texts throughout the semester. The exploration of sijo’s unique structural and thematic properties was seen to be handled most effectively when language was the integral part of learning. Secondly, the instruction, based on the integrative curricular model, was not limited to acquiring knowledge but includes analyses, interpretations, and appreciation of sijo across time and space. In addition, the students were able to relate sijo to KS disciplines other than literature such as music, painting, calligraphy, religion, political/social history, and even botany, ultimately enhancing their overall understanding of Korea, which would have been difficult without a multi-faceted integrative syllabus. Thirdly, we were able to identify the educational value of translation and personal creation. Comparing multiple versions of published English translations against the Korean original text and producing one’s own translations, as well as exploring English language sijo and Hip-Hop style experiments inspired the students to reflect on the empowering role of language as a critical medium in poetic and musical forms. The course demonstrates that it is possible to build content as an invaluable resource for language learning, as much as to utilize language proficiency in acquiring knowledge of Korean literature, thus creating a true two-way bridge in language and content in KFL education.

한국어 학습자 대상 한글 맞춤법 교육 방안

박지순 ( Park Jisoon ) 한국문법교육학회 2021 문법 교육 Vol.41 No.-

In this study, the Korean language norms were considered to be within the minimum range of norms in Korean language education because they are the norms that Korean speakers should follow in their language lives. In particular, Korean orthography must be treated as an educational content in Korean language education, but it is not appropriate to educate Hangul orthography as an independent area as in education for Korean native speakers. Since Korean orthography is based on basic grammar principles, Korean language education needs to integrate the principles of Korean orthography, especially in the grammar area. In this study, we explored the direction of Korean spelling education, referencing specific examples of how Korean orthography items should be reflected in Korean language education. Considerations for integrating Korean orthography into Korean grammar education are as follows. First, Korean learners learn written language simultaneously without fully knowledge and ability of spoken language, so they need to understand the difference between spoken and written languages. Second, Korean learners lack intuition in spoken language and lack problem-solving power in the use of written language, so if necessary, the principles of Hangul orthography should be given as reference information to enhance understanding and production. Third, native speakers have difficulty in writing what they already know how to speak of, Korean learners are likely to have difficulty speaking the written language, so it supposed to be focused to teach and learn how to speak written language.

베트남 학습자들의 드라마를 활용한 한국 언어 · 문화 교육 연구

Nguyen Thi Phuong Mai 국제한국언어문화학회 2009 한국언어문화학 Vol.6 No.1

Nguyen Thi Phuong Mai. 2009. ‘A study on teaching Korean language-culture through television drama for Vietnamese learners’. Journal of the International Network for Korean Language and Culture. Vol. 6-1. 191-211. Korean dramas started the Korean wave in Vietnam and are still a favourite for Vietnamese people. Loving Korean dramas has become a motive for studying Korean language and culture among a great number of Vietnamese students. Therefore, using the Korean dramas as teaching materials would lure the attention from the students as well as create an interesting studying atmosphere. In addition, Korean dramas use lively and daily communication language so as to help students to approach to the modern language not the formal one stated in the textbooks. The study aims at recommending a suitable teaching methodology of Korean language and culture through television dramas. The contents of Korean language-culture teaching and learning methodology in this paper include three parts: linguistic etiquette, productive skill based on comparison of language and cultural characteristics of Vietnamese and Korean languages, and the general Korean language-culture teaching. Regarding the teaching methodology of Korean language and culture through television dramas, this study brings about some suggestions such as using drama as a audio visual media in practising speaking and listening skills, using drama script in improving the reading skill, and sharpening the writing skill by rewriting the script in the cross-culture perspective.(Vietnam National University-Hochiminh City)

한국어와 몽골어에 있어서의 언어예절에 대한 비교연구 - 호칭을 중심으로-

D. Otgontsetseg 고려대학교 한국언어문화학술확산연구소 2010 Journal of Korean Culture Vol.15 No.-

This study’s purpose is to explain the similarities and differences in the two countries’ use of honorific titles and raise awareness of manners in Korean language to Mongolians learning Korean and help them use Korean language correctly. Such attempt is meaningful in that it is important for Mongolian students to use honorific titles correctly in using Korean as an everyday language and to deepen their understandings in Korean language and its language manners. Therefore, there is purpose in helping Mongolians learning Korean have sounder and deeper understanding in Korean language and in a more systematic comprehension of cultural and social factors reflected in both languages through comparative analysis of title use in Korean and Mongolian. In the first chapter of the thesis, we emphasized the necessity of cultural education. This is because explaining with cultural comparison of learners’ mother tongue to the foreign language they learn would not only help improve their language proficiency but also will work as an important study material for introducing the language’s culture and literature and play a crucial role in understanding the culture and customs of the nation’s people as well. In the second chapter, we discussed the purpose and necessity of this study and made it clear that manners in language are important in teaching Korean to foreigners. In the third and fourth chapters, we examined honorific titles in both languages and looked over similarities and differences in actual characteristics in application. Moreover, through such comparative analysis we wanted to examine differences in honorific customs between the two languages and also shed a light on potential difficulties in learning languages or mutual cultural misunderstandings that could arise due to such differences. In the fifth chapter, we explained on forms and characteristics of honorific titles in Korean and Mongolian, and asserted that people learning Korean language must pay attention to the innate characteristics of Korean honorific titles. Therefore, we wanted to present Mongolian students principles to follow when using Korean titles which lack Mongolian counterparts. 본 연구는 양국의 호칭어 사용 특징의 공통성과 차이성을 밝히고 몽골인 학습자들의 올바른 언어 사용 및 한국의 언어 예절에 대한 인식을 높이는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 이러한 시도는 몽골인 학습자들이 한국어를 일상 언어로서 구사함에 있어 올바른 호칭어를 사용하고, 나아가 한국어에 대한 인식과 한국의 언어 예절에 대한 이해를 심화하기 위해 중요한 의미가 있다고 생각된다. 따라서 한국어와 몽골어에 있어서의 호칭어 사용을 비교 분석함으로써 몽골인 한국어 학습자들에게 한국어에 대한 더 깊고 확실한 이해를 돕고 언어에 투영된 서로의 사회와 문화적인 요소를 좀 더 체계적으로 이해하는 데 도움을 주려는 것에 그 목적이 있다. 논문의 1장에서는 외국어 교육에서 학습자의 모국어와 목표 언어를 문화적인 관점에서 비교하여 가르치는 것이 학습자들의 언어 능력의 향상에 도움이 될 뿐만 아니라, 목표 언어의 문화와 문학을 소개하는 유일한 수업 자료가 되고 그 나라 민족의 문화와 풍습을 이해하는 데 매우 중요한 역할을 지닌다는 것을 밝히면서 문화 교육의 필요성을 강조하였다. 논문의 2장에서는 연구의 목적과 필요성에 대하여 논의하고 외국인을 위한 한국어 교육에서 언어예절의 중요성을 정리하였다. 논문의 3과 4장에서는 양 언어의 호칭법을 검토하고 실제 응용적 특징의 공통점과 차이점을 살펴보았다. 아울러 이러한 대비적 분석을 통해 두 언어의 호칭 경어관례의 차이점을 규명해보고 그로 인해 유발될 수 있는 잠재적인 상호 문화적 오해나 학습의 어려움 또한 밝혀보고자 하였다. 논문의 5장에서는 한국어와 몽골어 호칭법의 형태 및 특징을 밝히면서 한국어를 배우는 학습자는 한국어 호칭어의 고유한 특징에 주목하여야 한다고 주장하였다. 그래서 몽골인 학습자가 한국어의 호칭과 지칭을 올바르게 사용하는 데 있어서 몽골어 호칭에 없는 한국어 호칭을 쓸 때 지켜야 할 원칙들을 제시하고자 하였다.

우리 말글의 살아온 길과 나아갈 길(2) -제2부 우리 말글의 현재와 나아갈 길-

민현식 ( Hyun Sik Min ) 서울대학교 국어교육과 2010 先淸語文 Vol.37·38 No.-

Korean people commemorated the 60th anniversary of the National Foundation Day. Korea has made rapid progress. Also Korean language has become increasingly popular across the globe. Korean language has two significances as a racial language and an official language. Korean has many problems currently; there are arguments over a historical view, ideology, historical fact, and standard Korean language. We should clean up plagiarism and instigation in the language of academia and media. To join the ranks of advanced countries, we should solve many problems of language users; for examples, language used by public institution, politicians, teachers and students in the classroom, corporate advertisements, and home. Ultimately we aim for the freedom, truth, and love of Korean language. Korea should grow into an advanced country, cleaning up servile spirit and filling with entrepreneurial spirit. Korean language needs to support national security, constitutionalism, free economy, and noble culture. Thus Korean language education should have pride and infinite responsibility.