비A비B형 만성 간염 환자의 혈청에서 C형 간염 바이러스 RNA의 검출

조성원(Sung Won Cho),심찬섭(Chan Sup Shim),이준성(Joon Seong Lee),김진홍(Jin Hong Kim),이문성(Moon Sung Lee),이희발(Hi Bahl Lee) 대한소화기학회 1993 대한소화기학회지 Vol.25 No.5

N/A Hepatitis C virus is a positive stranded RNA virus which replicates through a negative stranded RNA. To study the role of hepatitis C virus in non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis, serum samples were tested for detection of genomic hepatitis C virus RNA and negative stranded RNA. from 30 patients with non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis using a combination assay of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Hepatitis C, virus RNA was detected in 28 of 30 patients with non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis. Of these patients, the RNA was detected in 24 of 25 patients positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus and also in 4 of 5 patients negative for antibody to hepatitis C virus. The negative strand was detected in 10 of 30 patients. Of these patients, the negative strand was detected in 9 of 25 patients positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus and in 1 of 5 patients negative for antibody to hepatitis C virus. The presence of the negative strand in serum was not associated with higher serum transaminase levels. These results show that most patients with non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis are infected with hepatitis C virus in Korea, regardless of the presence or absence of antibody to hepatitis C virus.

바이러스간염의 예방과 예방접종

송병철 ( Byung Cheol Song ),조유경 ( Yoo Kyung Cho ) 대한내과학회 2012 대한내과학회지 Vol.82 No.2

Hepatitis viruses are most important cause of acute and chronic hepatitis. In past, hepatitis B virus was one of the major causes of acute hepatitis. Recently, around 60-70% of acute hepatitis is attributed to hepatitis A virus infection. In this article, we will discuss the route of hepatitis virus infection, how to prevent transmission of viral hepatitis and who should be immunized to each hepatitis viruses. (Korean J Med 2012;82:123-133)

Risk of Diabetes after Hepatitis B or C Infection in Korea, 2002-2013: A Population-Based Cohort Study

( Yeerae Kim ),( Hwa Young Choi ),( Hyunsoon Cho ),( Bo Hyun Kim ),( Moran Ki ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: While the association between hepatitis C virus infection and diabetes is established, the association between hepatitis B virus infection and diabetes is still unclear. We assess the association between hepatitis B and C virus infections and diabetes development using population-based cohort data. Methods: Data from the National Health Insurance Service―National Sample Cohort, which consists of 514,791 persons aged 40-79 years, representing approximately 10% of the Korean adult population, who had a health check-up between 2002 and 2003, were used. Adults with hepatitis B or C virus infection during 2002-2003, without a prior history of diabetes, were selected as subjects. Results: The cumulative incidences, incidence rates, and hazard ratios of diabetes were highest in the co-infection group, followed by those of hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and the non-infection groups. The cumulative incidence of 12 years was 43.5% in the co-infected, 30.4% in hepatitis C-, 22% in hepatitis B-, and 16.0% in the non-infected groups. The incidence rates per 1,000 person-years were 238.5, 221.9, 172.2, and 145.0 for the co-infected, hepatitis C virus-infected, hepatitis B virus -infected, and non-infected groups, respectively. The risk factor-adjusted hazard ratios for diabetes development were 1.90, 1.62, and 1.41 for the co-infected, hepatitis C virus infected, and hepatitis B virus infected groups, respectively. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that diabetes is associated with both hepatitis C and B virus infections. Thus, it is important to prevent, screen for, and treat hepatitis B and C virus infections to reduce the risk of diabetes.

Comparing the Clinical Features and Outcomes of Acute Hepatitis E Viral Infections with Those of Acute Hepatitis A, B, and C Infections in Korea

( Hye Won Oh ),( Ra Ri Cha ),( Sang Soo Lee ),( Chang Min Lee ),( Wan Soo Kim ),( Hyun Chin Cho ),( Jin Joo Kim ),( Jae Min Lee ),( Hong Jun Kim ),( Chang Yoon Ha ),( Hyun Jin Kim ),( Tae Hyo Kim ),( 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Genotype 3/4 hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging infection in developed countries. This study investigated the etiology of acute viral hepatitis, and compared the clinical features of HEV infections with those of hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in Korea. Methods: This study included 116 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with acute viral hepatitis between January 2007 and January 2016. Acute viral infections were observed in 23 patients with HEV (19.8%), 49 patients with HAV (42.2%), 28 patients with HBV (24.1%), and 16 patients with HCV (13.8%). Results: The incidence of acute HEV infection was higher among older patients (median age: 49 years) and male patients (69.6%), and was associated with the consumption of undercooked or uncooked meat 43.5%). Most acute HEV infections were associated with pre-existing liver disease (e.g., alcoholic liver disease, chronic hepatitis B, biliary stones, and autoimmune hepatitis) and frequently presented with jaundice (56.5%). HEV-infected patients exhibited significantly lower median peak alanine aminotransferase levels (525 U/L), compared to HAV-infected patients (2,413 U/L, P < 0.001) and HBV-infected patients (1,356 U/L, P = 0.001). HEV-infected patients exhibited significantly higher median total bilirubin levels (6.8 mg/dL), compared to HCV-infected patients (1.2 mg/dL, P = 0.028). Two HEV-infected patients were diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome, although no patients developed fulminant hepatitis. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that HEV is no longer a rare cause of acute viral hepatitis in Korea.

HBV : PE-028 ; Prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C and D viruses among patients with acute hepatitis in Mongolia

( O. Baatarkhuu ),( Do Young Kim ),( B Bayarmagna ),( N Khorolsuren Baigal ),( R Ouyngerel ),( D Enkhsaikhan ),( Y Dahgwahdorj ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Kwang Hyub Han ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-

Background and Aims: Mongolia is an endemic area of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. To determine the prevalence of HAV, HBV, HCV and HDV infections among patients with acute hepatitis in Mongolia during outbreaks. Methods: A total of 624 patients (353 males and 271 females; age, 18.6±8.1 years; range 2-66 years) who were clinically diagnosed with acute hepatitis during outbreak from October 2011 to March 2012 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia have been studied. The prevalence of hepatitis virus infections was determined by testing of serum for the IgM class of antibodies against HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HBsAg. Results: Acute hepatitis A (AHA) (IgM anti-HAV positive) was diagnosed in 284 patients (45.5%). Acute hepatitis B (AHB) (IgM anti-HBc positive) was diagnosed in 191 patients (30.6%) and 22 patients (3.5%) was diagnosed as co-infection of B and D. Acute hepatitis C (AHC) (IgM anti-HCV positive) was diagnosed in 33 patients (5.3%). There were 52 (8.3%) HBV carriers who had detectable HBsAg and anti-HDV but who were negative for both IgM anti-HAV and IgM anti-HBc, suggesting that they acquired type D acute hepatitis due to superinfection of HDV on a background of chronic HBV infection. Forty-two (6.5%) patients were found to be infected by various combinations of dual viruses such as HAV/HBV (2.8%), HAV/HDV (0.6%), HBV/HCV (2.5%), and HCV/HDV (0.6%). AHA was the most prevalent in subjects aged 1-19 years, AHB and HBV+HDV superinfection were the first and second most prevalent in the age group of 20-29 years, and AHC was the most common type in 40-49 years. Conclusion: Dual hepatitis viral infection was detected in approximately 6.5% among patients with acute hepatitis in Mongolia.

HBV : PE-028 ; Prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C and D viruses among patients with acute hepatitis in Mongolia

( O Baatarkhuu ),( Do Young Kim ),( B Bayarmagnai ),( N Khorolsuren ),( B Baigal ),( R Ouyngerel ),( D Enkhsaikhan ),( Y Dahgwahdorj ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Kwang Hyub Han ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1

Background and Aims: Mongolia is an endemic area of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. To determine the prevalence of HAV, HBV, HCV and HDV infections among patients with acute hepatitis in Mongolia during outbreaks. Methods: A total of 624 patients (353 males and 271 females; age, 18.6±8.1 years; range 2-66 years) who were clinically diagnosed with acute hepatitis during outbreak from October 2011 to March 2012 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia have been studied. The prevalence of hepatitis virus infections was determined by testing of serum for the IgM class of antibodies against HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HBsAg. Results: Acute hepatitis A (AHA) (IgM anti-HAV positive) was diagnosed in 284 patients (45.5%). Acute hepatitis B (AHB) (IgM anti-HBc positive) was diagnosed in 191 patients (30.6%) and 22 patients (3.5%) was diagnosed as co-infection of B and D. Acute hepatitis C (AHC) (IgM anti-HCV positive) was diagnosed in 33 patients (5.3%). There were 52 (8.3%) HBV carriers who had detectable HBsAg and anti-HDV but who were negative for both IgM anti-HAV and IgM anti-HBc, suggesting that they acquired type D acute hepatitis due to superinfection of HDV on a background of chronic HBV infection. Forty-two (6.5%) patients were found to be infected by various combinations of dual viruses such as HAV/HBV (2.8%), HAV/HDV (0.6%), HBV/HCV (2.5%), and HCV/HDV (0.6%). AHA was the most prevalent in subjects aged 1-19 years, AHB and HBV+HDV superinfection were the first and second most prevalent in the age group of 20-29 years, and AHC was the most common type in 40-49 years. Conclusion: Dual hepatitis viral infection was detected in approximately 6.5% among patients with acute hepatitis in Mongolia.

수직 감염된 B형 간염 바이러스 Promoter 유전자의 변이 분석

이충원,한영나,이정화,이광철,하영미,Lee, Choong-Won,Han, Young-Na,Lee, Jung-Hwa,Lee, Kwang-Chul,Ha, Young-Mee 대한소아소화기영양학회 2002 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.5 No.1

Hepatitis B viral infection which affect about 10% of Korean population manifests asymptomatic carrier, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis and even associates with hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical manifestations induced by hepatitis B virus vary depending on the degree of immune response by cytotoxic T cells against viral epitope-presenting liver cells. Since hepatitis B virus presents high rate of mutaton that might change the presented epitope and eventually alter immune response, viral mutations, especially in promoters and enhancers, have an important implication in hepatic inflammation and viral replication. To identify mutations related to the hepatic inflammation, we investigated sequence variations of hepatitis B viral promotor regions in the presence or absence of symptoms in hepatitis B carriers. For this, sera from persistently hepatitis B virus-infected mother-child pairs were collected. After PCR amplifiation of all hepatitis B viral promoters (C promoter, S1 promoter, S2/S promoter, X promoter) using serum DNA from each pair, viral promotors were sequenced by automatic sequencer and then sequence data were analyzed by ClustalW. In most cases, the dominant type of maternal virus was transmitted to the child. However, in some children, some new host specific viral variants could be observed in Cp, S1p and S2/Sp. The mutations in C promoter did not seem to be vertically transmitted but arose in new host independently after the wild type had been transmitted. Enhancer I containing X promoter revealed high host specific variations as has been reported before. Two S promoters, S1p and S2/Sp, have shown some point mutations in children, but no deletion mutations were detected as in chronic hepatitis patients in whom deletion mutations are frequently found. In conclusion, the children with the vertically transmitted hepatitis B virus mostly retain the dominant type virus that had been transmitted. However, host specific variants tended to accumulate over time, possibly as clinical symptoms develop.

만성 바이러스 감염에서 면역조절인자 FoxP3, PD-1 및 CTLA-4의 역할

조효선,Cho, Hyosun 한국미생물학회 2013 미생물학회지 Vol.49 No.3

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause viral infections that lead to chronic diseases. When they invade human body, virus specific T cells play an important role in antiviral effector functions including killing virus-infected cells and helping B cells to produce specific antibodies against viral proteins. The antiviral activity of T cells is usually affected by immune-regulatory factors that express on surface of T cells. Recently, many researchers have investigated the relationship between effector functions of virus specific T cells and characteristics of immune regulatory factors (e.g., CD28, CD25, CD45RO, FoxP3, PD-1, CTLA-4). In particular, Immune inhibitory molecules such as forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), programmed death-1 (PD-1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) are associated with T-cell dysfunction. They are shown to be up-regulated in chronic viral diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C or human immunodeficiency virus infection. Therefore, the positive correlation between viral persistence and expression of immune regulatory factors (FoxP3, PD-1, and CTLA-4) has been suggested. In this review, the roles of immune regulatory factors FoxP3, PD-1, and CTLA-4 were discussed in chronic viral diseases such as HIV, HBV, or HCV. 인간면역결핍바이러스(Human immunodeficiency virus; HIV), B형 간염 바이러스(Hepatitis B virus; HBV), 그리고 C형 간염 바이러스(Hepatitis C virus; HCV)는 만성 감염질환을 일으키는 대표적인 바이러스들이다. 인체내 감염시 임상적 진행경과에 따른 바이러스 특이 T림프구의 항바이러스 기능변화 및 바이러스의 체내 지속성과 T림프구에 발현되는 다양한 면역인자(e.g., CD28, CD25, FoxP3, PD-1, CTLA-4)들과의 구체적인 상관관계는 최근 많은 국내외 연구진들을 통해 연구되고 있다. 그 중 FoxP3 (forkhead box P3), PD-1 (programmed death-1) 그리고 CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4)는 T림프구에서 발현되는 면역조절인자로 만성 바이러스성 감염시 그 발현이 증가되는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 항바이러스 작용을 가지는 T림프구의 기능결핍과 밀접한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 총설에서는 만성적인 HIV, HBV, 그리고 HCV 감염에서 바이러스 특이 T림프구에서 발현되는 FoxP3, PD1, 그리고 CTLA-4의 발현변화와 각 질환의 임상적 진행경과와의 상관성, 그리고 이들 발현이 T림프구의 항바이러스 기능에 미치는 영향 등을 중심으로 기술하였다.

Survey on Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Patients

이혜연,Hye-Yeoun Lee,김운호,Mi-Young Seo,Hak-Hyun Kim,Ji-Hye Park 대한미생물학회 2022 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.52 No.3

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a blood-borne viral disease, weakens the immune system and causes opportunistic infections or cancers, which can eventually lead to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Generally antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV infected patients reduces morbidity and mortality, but also increases the risk of liver disease in patients coinfected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C virus (HCV), previously known as the leading cause of death from HIV infection. In this study, HIV positive-sera were investigated seroprevalence of HBV and HCV which were requested for HIV test from 2020 to 2021. Of the total 232 samples, there are 184 cases (79.1%) in hospital, 33 cases (14.2%) in public health center, 6 cases (2.6%) in correctional institution and 2 cases (0.9%) in the military manpower administration. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 13 cases (5.6%) and hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) in 16 cases (6.9%) and also both in 4 cases (1.7%) of 232 samples. The results of HBsAg and hepatitis B virus core antibody (anti-HBc) for 107 samples were anti-HBc positive in 36 cases (35.6%) and HBsAg positive in 4 cases (1.7%). The results confirmed that coinfection with HBV and HCV was more common in HIV infected people than in the general population in Korea. These findings from this study were provided as fundamental data for HIV infection prevention and ART therapy selection.

Epstein-Barr Virus와 연관된 급성간염

정형만,최정희,오현숙,위성호,임선희,김나영,이계희,최신은 大韓消化器病學會 1997 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.29 No.4