창업자기효능감과 창업의지간의 관계연구 : 문제해결능력의 매개 효과를 중심으로

김보혜(Bo-Hye Kim),김창완(Changone Kim) 한국창업학회 2021 한국창업학회지 Vol.16 No.4

본 연구는 창업자기효능감이 창업의지에 미치는 영향과 문제해결능력이 두 변수간의 매개효과를 가지는지에 대한 영향을 검증하였다. 이를 위해 문제해결능력 기반의 디자인씽킹 교과목을 수강한 대학생을 대상으로 회귀분석을 진행하였다. 연구결과로 창업자기효능감의 하위변수인 자신감, 자기조절효능감, 과업도전감은 문제해결능력에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자신감, 자기조절효능감, 과업도전감이 창업의지에 미치는 영향을 문제해결능력이 완전 매개하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 실무적으로는 창업교육이 실제 창업으로 전환되기 위해서는 개인적인 특성인 창업자기효능감과 문제해결능력을 강화할 수 있는 교과목의 편성이 요구되며 창업교육 실태조사의 방식을 문제해결능력, 창업자기효능감 등의 역량 중심으로 전환하고 대학에서 콘텐츠 개발을 지원할 수 있는 지원정책이 필요함을 제시한다. In this study, the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention and problem-solving ability has a mediating effect between two variables was verified. We conducted a regression analysis on university students who took the design thinking course based on problem-solving ability. This study found that self-confidence, self-regulating efficacy, and task challenge, sub-variables of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, significantly affected problem-solving skills. Additionally, problem-solving skills mediate the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention entirely. The results of this study show that, in practice, in order for entrepreneurship education to be converted into actual entrepreneurship, it is required to organize courses that can strengthen individual characteristics of entrepreneurship self-efficacy and problem-solving ability. Furthermore, it suggests a need for a support policy that can shift to competency-centered and support content development in universities.

행운에 대한 신념과 창업 기회 역량과의 관계에서 우연기술의 매개효과에 관한 연구

황보윤,김영준,김홍태 한국벤처창업학회 2019 벤처창업연구 Vol.14 No.5

When asked about the success factors of successful entrepreneurs and celebrities, he says he was lucky. The remarkable fact is that the attitude about luck is different. However, despite the fact that the belief that we believe is lucky is actually a dominant concept, there has not been much scientific verification of luck. In this study, we saw good luck not being determined randomly by the external environment, but by being able to control luck through the internal attributes of individuals. This study is significant that we have empirically elucidated what kind of efforts have gained good luck, whereas previous research has largely ended in vague logic where luck ends up with an internal locus of control among internal entrepreneurial qualities and efforts can make a successful entrepreneur. We introduced the concept of good luck belief to avoid confirmation bias ,which is, to interpret my experience in a direction that matches what I want to believe, and used a good luck belief questionnaire in previous studies and tried to verify that those who have a good belief can increase entrepreneurial opportunity capability through planned happenstance skills. The reason for choosing the entrepreneurial opportunity capacity as a dependent variable was based on the conventional research, that is, the process of recognizing and exploiting the entrepreneurial opportunity is an important part of the entrepreneurship research For empirical research, we conducted a questionnaire survey of a total of 332 people, and the results of the analysis turned out that the belief of good luck has all the positive impacts of planned happenstance skills’ sub-factors: curiosity, patience, flexibility, optimism and risk tolerance. Second, we have shown that only the perseverance, optimism, and risk tolerance of planned happenstance skills’ sub-factors have a positive impact on this opportunity capability. Thirdly, it was possible to judge that the sub-factors of planned happenstance skills, patience, optimism, and risk tolerance, had a meditating effect between belief in luck and entrepreneurial opportunity capability. This study is highly significant in logically elucidating that people in charge of business incubation and education can get the specific direction when planning a training program for successful entrepreneur to further enhance the entrepreneurial opportunity ability, which is an important ability for the entrepreneur's success. 성공한 창업가들이나 저명인사들에게 성공의 요인을 물어보면 운이 좋았다고 이야기를 한다. 주목해야할 사실은 운이 좋았다고 말하지만 운과 관련된 태도가 다르다는 것이다. 하지만 운이 좋다고 생각하는 신념은 현실적으로 지배적인 개념임에도 불구하고 그동안 행운에 대한 과학적 검증이 많지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 행운은 외부 환경에 의해서 무작위로 정해지는 것이 아니라 개인의 내적 속성으로 운을 통제 할 수 있다는 것으로 보았다. 본 연구의 차별성은 선행연구들이 주로 행운을 기업가적 자질 유형 중 내적 통제 위치(Internal Locus of Control)로 그치고 노력에 의해 창업 성공을 거둘 수 있다는 막연한 논리에 머문 것에 비하여 본 연구는 어떠한 노력이 행운을 가져오는 지를 실증적으로 규명하였다는 데에 그 의의가 있다. 운이 좋다는 것에 대해서는 자신이 믿고 싶은 것과 일치하는 방향으로 자신의 경험을 해석하는 확증편향을 오류를 회피하기 위하여 행운에 대한 신념의 개념을 도입하였고 선행 연구의 행운에 대한 신념 질문지를 사용하여, 행운에 대한 신념이 있는 사람은 우연기술을 매개로 하여 기회역량을 높일 수 있다는 것을 검증하고자 하였다. 종속 변수로 기회역량을 설정한 이유는 기회를 인식하고 활용하는 과정이야 말로 창업 연구에서 핵심적인 부분이라는 기존 연구에 기반을 두었다. 실증연구를 위하여 총 332명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고 분석결과 첫째, 행운의 신념은 우연기술의 하위요인인 호기심, 인내성, 유연성, 낙관성, 위험감수 모두에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 우연기술의 하위요인 중 인내성, 낙관성, 위험감수만이 기회역량에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것을 나타났다. 셋째, 우연기술의 하위요인인 인내성, 낙관성, 위험감수는 행운신념과 기회역량의 관계에서 매개효과가 있다고 판단할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 창업자들의 성공을 위해서 핵심 역량인 창업 기회 역량을 더 높이기 위해서는 행운에 대한 높은 신념을 가지고 우연 기술 중 인내성과 낙관성, 위험감수 성향을 높이도록 하는 것이 필요하다는 것을 실증적이며 논리적으로 규명함으로써 창업 보육 및 교육 담당자들에게 성공적인 창업자들을 선발 또는 훈련 프로그램을 기획함에 있어서 구체적인 방향성을 제시한다는 점에서 그 시사하는 바가 크다고 할 수 있겠다.

Heterogeneous Firms, Skill-Biased Management, and Trade

이양승 한국경제통상학회 2020 경제연구 Vol.38 No.4

Within an economy, decentralization of firms would impact on the pattern of labor demand through generating higher-paying jobs for managers, who are delegated for supervision of production workers. This paper presents a tractable general-equilibrium model, which examines the economic impact of management practices on aggregate economy. While decentralization is costly, it does not benefit firms equally. Higher entrepreneurial-skill firms are benefited more than lower entrepreneurial-skill firms because higher-skill entrepreneur draws higher synergy from delegated managers. Thus, firms self-select for decentralization only if the benefit outweighs the cost; centralized firms and decentralized firms coexist. Decentralization dramatizes the firm size distribution. Higher entrepreneurial-skill firms are more efficiently decentralized, more productive, and produce larger outputs. Those firms contribute to increase aggregate income by creating higher-paying jobs but wage inequality deepens. Trade openness widens differences of firm sizes and generates inter-country income distributions when business environment (of average labor skill and status of social trust) differs between two countries. In short, trade gain is larger for a country, where average labor skill is higher, because decentralization is skill-biased. This paper can contribute to the literature of firm heterogeneity, managements, and trade.

기업의 조직역량이 기업의 글로벌 성과에 미치는 영향

장휘(Hui Zhang) 대한경영학회 2018 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.31 No.6

기업의 직무체계에 기초한 실업자 직업훈련과정 표준모형 개발 연구

주인중(In Joong Ju),박종성(),김상진() 한국공학교육학회 2007 공학교육연구 Vol.10 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 기업의 직무체계에 기초한 실업자 직업훈련과정 표준모형 개발 연구에 있다. 훈련과정 표준모형 개발은 우선 직무체계 정립을 통하여 직무관련 개념정의와 직무체계를 검토하였으며, 직무능력체제 및 훈련과정 모형 개발 방향 및 방법을 수립하여, 직무능력체제를 개발하였다. 이를 통해 직무영역, 핵심능력 및 수행내용, 능력단위 및 수준, 단위요소가 도출되었다. 그리고 이를 바탕으로 직무능력체제에 따른 훈련과정 구성 및 구조 설계 정립이 수행되었으며, 그 결과 훈련과정 개발모형, 훈련과정 구조설계, 훈련과정별 훈련교과 모형이 도출된 훈련과정 모형이 개발되었다. This study was aimed at the development of a standard model for vocational training courses for the unemployed based on entrepreneurial skill system. The model reviewed the definition of skill-related concepts and skill system through the set-up of skill system in the first place, and developed job capacity system by coming up with the direction and the method in the development of the model for the job capacity system and training courses. Skill boundaries, core capacities, performances, capacity units and levels, and unit criteria were derived from it. And, training courses were composed and the structure was built in accordance with skill capacity system on the basis of it. As the result, the training model which drew to the development model of training courses, the structure of training courses and the model of training curriculum was finally developed.

Heterogeneous Entrepreneurs and Managerial Delegation in an Open Economy

이양승(Yang Seung Lee) 서울대학교 경제연구소 2021 Seoul journal of economics Vol.34 No.2

This study examines the impact of firm-level managerial delegation on aggregate economy. First, managerial delegation demands skilled labor and hence affects the labor market. Second, managerial delegation also affects the product market by improving production efficiency. Managerial delegation incurs costs but does not equally benefit firms. Higher entrepreneurial-skill entrepreneurs are selected, which dramatizes the firm size distribution. These entrepreneurs run larger and more productive firms, and contribute to the aggregate economy by creating higher-paying jobs. This paper provides new implication of trade gain, which is larger for the country where managerial delegation is easier.

아시아-유럽 6개국 교육이해관계집단의 핵심역량으로서의 기업가정신에 대한 인식

진미석(JIN Misug),윤수린(YOON Soorin),김효정(KIM Hyojung) 한국핵심역량교육학회 2019 핵심역량교육연구 Vol.4 No.1

본 논문에서는 아시아유럽정상회담(ASEM) 교육장관회의 소속 혁신역량/기업가정신 (Innovative Competence/Entrepreneurial Skills) 실무그룹 소속 6개 회원국을 대상으로 기업가정신에 대한 교육행정가, 교사, 고용주 등 이해관계집단의 인식을 탐색적으로 분석하였다. 기업가정신은 빠른 과학기술과 통신기술의 발전으로 급격한 노동시장변화와 고용없는 성장의 추세가 진전되면서, 청소년의 미래역량으로 전세계적으로 강조되고 있는 핵심역량이다. ASEM 교육부장관회의 의제 회의 중 하나인 혁신역량/기업가정신 교육(Innovative Competence/ Entrepreneurial Skills) 실무그룹은 2014년에 결성하여 제1단계(2013-2015)에서는 시대 변화에 대응할 수 있는 핵심역량에 대한 개념적 논의를 진행하였고, 제2단계(2016-2018)에서 각국마다 혁신역량/기업가정신에 대한 인식을 실제로 살펴보는 실태조사를 실시하였다. 이 논문은 실태조사결과를 분석하여 제시한 것이다. 6개국의 다른 경제상황과 교육, 문화의 맥락에서 기업가정신에 대한 주요이해관계 집단의 인식을 살펴 본 바, 각국의 교육이해관계집단들은 공통적으로 기업가정신의 중요성을 인식하고 있었고, 특히 고용주들은 기업가정신을 더욱 중요하게 인식하고 있음을 볼 수 있었다. 그리고 이해관계자들의 중요성에 대한 인식은 강하다고 판단되나 실패에 대한 관용이나 위험이 따르는 새로운 대안 모색 등 기업가정신장려 문화나 혁신역량을 강화하는 교육이나 지원시스템은 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 조사 결과의 시사점으로 청소년들의 미래역량으로서 혁신역량/기업가정신을 함양하기 위해서는 체계적인 기업가정신 교육의 강화, 산업체와의 연계, 교사교육 강화, 실패를 허용하고 연습하는 프로그램 등을 도출하였다. Entrepreneurship is a core competence that is emphasized globally as the future capacity of young people along with the rapid change of labor market and the growth without employment growth. The Innovative Competence/ Entrepreneurial Skills Working Group, one of the agenda of the ASEM ㅡMinisters of Education, was formed in 2013, and in the first phase (2013-2015), the conceptualization of core competencies was discussed and in the second phase (2016-2018), a survey on the perception of innovative competence/ entrepreneurial skills in 6 countries was conducted. This study is based on the analysis of this survey. As a result of this study, we could find that all education interest groups such as education policy officers, teachers, employers, etc. perceived innovative competency/entrepreneurial skills are very important as the core competence to cope with changing society. However, it is recognized that the culture such as tolerance on risk taking and generosity to failure is not pervasive in each society. The lack of industry involvement in innovation competence/ entrepreneurship education was reaffirmed as in other areas of education. The survey showed that the industry is not actively involved in innovative competency/entrepreneurial skills education and that it lacks systems to support it. Therefore, it is important to have a variety of ways to encourage industry participation in the contents and delivery method of innovative competency/entrepreneurial skills education. Young entrepreneurs who have proven their innovation capability can be invited as role-models for entrepre­ neurship education. Risk takers and management competencies should be included and emphasized especially in content competency training. Risk-related factors can include planning and implementation of new projects, mock-ups, lectures by seniors, and performance-based tasks. In addition, since the risk-taking capacity is accumulated by learning and experiencing it repeatedly, we should provide opportunities to take various risk-taking and failure experiences starting from a young age. Teachers agree on the need for innovative competency/entrepreneurial skills education, but there is limited will or expertise to actually participate. There must be a lot of educational opportunities for teachers training and professional development. In this respect, many of the international best practices shared during Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the ASEM Working Group could be good reference cases. Based on experience in this working group, it would be helpful to build and operate a platform to share relevant knowledge and disseminate best practices. The results of this study showed that education interest groups agreed on the necessity, but the integrated efforts such as education policy area, school education, industry collaboration and cooperation were lacking. It is suggested that support system is needed for the expansion of innovative competency/entrepreneurial skills education and should support the ecosystem of entrepreneurship education including industry, school, parents, and government. Despite the differences in the educational environment, the administrative environment, and the situation of the research culture and administrative support, the survey was conducted in the same frame to discover common trends in different situations and to identify points of significant difference. However, due to financial and time limitations, it is difficult to strictly limit the size and sampling of the subjects to be surveyed. The results of this survey should be interpreted with caution and it is necessary to improve the size of the sampling and the sampling method for the future research.

창업교육 만족도 및 참여 동기가 창업교육 효과에 미치는 영향 : 창업대학교 교육과정을 중심으로

박재환,김용태 한국산업경제학회 2009 산업경제연구 Vol.22 No.2

창업을 위한 여러 역량들은 후천적으로 얻어지는 경우가 더 많기 때문에 창업교육을 통하여 창업의지를 제고시킬 수 있어 창업의지에 대한 창업교육은 매우 중요하다. 2004년부터 체계적이고 전문적인 창업교육을 위하여 설립된 창업대학원 교육생 및 졸업생들을 대상으로 창업교육 참여 동기 및 창업교육에 대한 만족도를 설문조사하여 참여 동기 및 교육만족도가 창업교육의 효과인 창업의지와 창업Skill에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 창업교육에 대한 만족도는 창업의지 및 창업Skill에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있으며 창업교육에 대한 참여 동기는 예상과는 달리 만족도와 유의하지는 않으나 음의 관계가 나타나고 있다. 이는 창업교육에 대한 참여 동기가 높을수록 창업교육에 대한 기대수준이 높아 창업교육에 대한 만족도가 낮아질 수도 있음을 나타낸다고 할 수 있다. 또한 창업교육에 대한 참여 동기는 창업skill에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있으며 창업교육 만족도는 참여 동기보다 창업의지와 창업skill에 더 큰 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타나 만족스러운 창업교육이 매우 중요하며 이를 위하여 창업교육방법, 교육내용, 교수, 창업교육환경 등에서 체계적이고 전문적인 창업교육이 필요하다는 점을 알 수 있다. 본 연구의 실증분석결과는 다음과 같은 점을 시사하고 있다. 창업대학원 학생들은 실질적인 창업관련 지식과 기술을 습득하고자 하는 강한 학습참여 동기를 가지고 있었으며 체계적이고 전문적인 교육을 통하여 창업교육의 만족도를 상승시켜 나갈 때 창업교육의 효과, 즉 창업에 대한 새로운 지식과 기술을 포함하는 창업skill이 풍부해지고 더 나아가 창업의지가 증가될 수 있다는 점을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구는 창업교육을 이수하기 전과 후에 나타나는 학습자의 정확한 변화를 측정하지는 못하였으므로 창업교육의 효과를 측정하는 데 한계가 있다. 아울러 예비창업자와 잠재적 창업자의 창업교육프로그램 효과로서의 창업 의지가 실제 창업으로 이어지거나 창업 후 지속적인 경영을 실현하고 있는지는 확인하지 못하였다. The purpose of this paper is to conduct an empirical test whether participation motive and satisfactory degree of entrepreneurship educational program is correlation to entrepreneurial skill and entrepreneurial intention that is an educational effect of graduate school of entrepreneurship. This study empirically analyzed research hypotheses by investigating opinion of student that participate domestic graduate school of entrepreneurship program. Results of the empirical analysis were summarized as follows: First, Participation motive of entrepreneurship education was not significant of satisfactory degree of educational program. Second, satisfactory degree of entrepreneurship education program had significant positive effects on entrepreneurial skill and entrepreneurial intention. Third, entrepreneurial skill had significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. Fourth, satisfactory degree of entrepreneurship education had more significant correlation to entrepreneurial skill and entrepreneurial intention than participation motive of entrepreneurship educational program. This study implies that the successful development of contents and method of entrepreneurship education is a key factor to improve entrepreneurial skill and intention through satisfaction of education.

Entrepreneurship, 기업가 지향성 및 기업가 활동에 대한 개념적 고찰

김화영(Wha Young Kim),안연식(Yeon S. Ahn) 한국경영학회 2017 Korea Business Review Vol.21 No.3

최근 창업에 대한 관심이 커지면서 기업가의 역할이 강조되고 있다. 기업가는 창업을 통해 이윤의 확대와 기업의 성장을 도모하는데, 창업의 성공은 신시장의 확보, 새로운 이익의 창출 및 신생 기업의 성장을 이끄는 기반이 된다. 기업가가 창업을 위해 새로운 사업에 과감히 진출할 때, 창업가의 Entrepreneurship, 기업가 지향성 및 기업가 활동은 창업의 성공에 중요한 기능과 역할을 하는 것으로 간주된다. 따라서 기업의 창업성공과 생존에 영향을 미치는 Entrepreneurship, 기업가 지향성 및 기업가 활동에 대해 크게 주목하지 않을 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 창업에 필요한 Entrepreneurship과 기업가 역량, 그리고 창업의 성공을 추구하는 기업가 지향성과 기업가 활동에 관한 개념들을 고찰하고, 이들의 개념과 정의를 이해하기 쉽도록 정리해서 제시한다. 또한 이 개념들의 구체적인 해석을 위해서 개념 항목(Conceptual Item)들을 도출하고, 그 결과를 현대중공업의 창업가인 정주영을 대상으로 적용하여 각 개념들을 실체화한다. 이러한 과정과 내용들을 종합한 연구 결과로서, 정주영의 기업가정신은 사업보국정신, 도전정신, 개척정신, 창조정신, 혁신, 신용제일주의, 기술우선주의, 긍정, 근면성실주의 등 아홉 가지의 개념항목으로 도출된다. 또한 그의 기업가 역량으로는 생각연결능력, 질의능력, 관찰 및 현상파악능력, 혁신시도능력, 인맥활용능력, 문제해결능력, 사명의식 고취 및 설득력 등 일곱 가지의 개념항목으로 제시된다. 그리고 정주영의 기업가 지향성은 혁신성, 위험감수성, 진취성, 자율성, 경쟁 적극성 등 다섯 가지 차원으로 제시되고, 기업가 활동은 이윤추구, 성장추구, 글로벌 시장개척, 비즈니스 모델 혁신, 사회공헌활동 등 다섯 가지의 개념항목으로 제시된다. 본 연구의 주된 결론으로서, 일반적으로 사용되는 Entrepreneurship은 창업의 과정에서 창업 또는 기업가 사고(Entrepreneurial Thought)의 개념으로 파악되고, 기업가 지향성과 기업가 활동은 창업기업의 지속적 성공을 추구하는 개념으로 설명된다. 이러한 Entrepreneurship과 아울러 기업가 역량은 창업과정에서 필요하고, 기업가 지향성과 기업가 활동은 창업기업의 성공에 필요한 개념들로서 이들 간에는 선후 관계로 파악되며, 이를 개념 모델(Conceptual Model)로 개발하여 제시한다. As the interest in business start-up grows, the role of entrepreneurs is emphasized. Entrepreneurs seek to expand profits and grow their firms through business start-up. The success of business start-up is the basis for securing new markets, creating new profits, and growing new firms. Entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial orientation, and entrepreneurial activity are regarded as having important function and role in the success of start-up when entrepreneurs are willing to enter new business for start-up. Therefore, we can not help but pay much attention to entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial orientation, and ntrepreneurial activities that affect the success and survival of start-up firms. In this study, we examine the concepts on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial skills necessary for start-up as well as entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial activities pursuing entrepreneurial success. And we present these concepts and definitions together for ease of understanding. In particular, we derive the conceptual items for concrete interpretation of these concepts and apply the results to the founder of Hyundai Heavy Industries, Chung Ju-Young, to materialize each concept. As a result of the processes and the contents of researches, the entrepreneurship of Chung Ju young can be found in nine dimensions as follows: patriotic spirit, challenging spirit, pioneering spirit, creativity spirit, innovation, credit first principle, technology priority, positiveness, and diligence and faithfulness. And his Entrepreneurial skills are presented as seven conceptual items: associating, questioning, observing, experimenting, networking, problemsolving, and awareness-raising and persuasion. In addition, the entrepreneurial orientation of Chung Ju-Young is presented in five dimensions: innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, autonomy, and competitive aggressiveness. And his entrepreneurial activities are divided into five categories: profit-seeking, growth seeking, global market development, business model innovation, and philanthropy. The main conclusion of this study is that the commonly used entrepreneurship is the concept of start-up or entrepreneurial thought as entrepreneurial process, and entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial activity are explained as the concepts of pursuing entrepreneurial success. Therefore, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial skills are needed in the entrepreneurial process, and entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial activities are regarded as concepts necessary for entrepreneurial success. In addition, they are explained in a series of relationships among them. We develop and present a conceptual models for future research.

일반 논문 : 시니어창업 의사결정에 미치는 영향요인에 관한 연구

성창수 ( Chang Soo Sung ),김진수 ( Jin Soo Kim ) 한국중소기업학회 2011 中小企業硏究 Vol.33 No.3

최근 우리나라는 ``고용없는 성장의 시대``에서 급속한 고령화와 조기퇴직의 사회현상은 청년실업과 더불어 사회경제적으로 큰 영향을 초래할 전망이다. 이와 더불어 약 712만 명의 베이비붐 세대가 주 퇴직연령대에 진입하면서 생산인력 부족현상의 초래 및 경제적 위협에 따라 정년을 맞은 시니어 세대의 구직난이 본격화되고 창업에 대한 참여 및 관심은 점차 높아지고 있다. 이러한 환경변화에 따라 시니어창업의 중요성을 재인식하고 급변하는 창업환경에서 창업을 준비하는 시니어 창업가의 특성을 규명하는 연구의 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 급변하는 창업환경에서 시니어 창업가의 개인적 특성요인인 기업가정신과 창업역량 및 환경요인이 창업의도와 초기 창업가 행동에 미치는 영향요인을 규명하여 각 연구 개념간의 연관성을 밝히고자 한다. 이를 바탕으로 시니어창업의 의사결정에 영향을 미치는 개념들의 세부 메커니즘과 구체적인 적용방향을 제시함으로써 새로운 위기에 직면한 시니어의 성공창업을 위한 기초 자료를 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 실증분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업가정신이 창업태도에 미치는 영향관계를 검증한 결과, 위험감수성은 창업태도에 영향을 미쳤으나 자율성과 진취성은 창업태도에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 둘째, 창업역량은 창업태도, 주관적 규범, 인지된 행동통제에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 창업태도와 인지된 행동통제는 창업의도에 각각 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나 주관적 규범은 창업의도에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 못했다. 넷째, 창업의도가 초기 창업가 행동에 미치는 영향관계를 검증한 결과 기회발견과 기회개발에 유의한 영향관계가 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구 결과에 대한 다양한 시사점과 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다. The current socioeconomic condition in South Korea is characterized by early retirement and a shift toward an elderly society. The fact that the age group of 50 or older is about 46.7% of total workforce poses a threat for future economic growth crisis. (The fact that the age group of 50 or older composes 46.7% of the total workforce could be a detrimental factor for future economic growth.) Even now in South Korea`s contemporary society, the retired workforce suffers economically as well as socially. To solve these socioeconomic problems, Small Business Administration is running many different projects and public policies to support senior entrepreneurship. Recently, developed countries such as the U.S., England, Australia and New Zealand have recognized the importance of senior entrepreneurship and are performing various research to systemize concepts for senior entrepreneurship. TTo solve these socioeconomic problems, the Small Business Administration is running many different projects and public policies to support senior entrepreneurship. Recently, developed countries such as the United States, England, Australia and New Zealand have recognized the importance of senior entrepreneurship and are performing various research to systemize concepts for senior entrepreneurship. The purpose of this research was to explain the concept of senior entrepreneurship and the importance of it by systemizing the relationship between beginner entrepreneur and entrepreneurial intention. As the ultimate objective of this research is to develop a systematic strategy to enhance the current entrepreneurial decision making process for senior entrepreneurs, the focus of this research has been set to the details about factors and mechanisms that influences start ups by senior entrepreneurs. Importantly, to identify general process of senior entrepreneurship, Ajzen`s (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior model was used. After reviewing the relevant literature, we developed a model and set our research hypotheses as follows H1: Risk taking will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial attitude. H2: Autonomy will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial attitude. H3: Proactiveness will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial attitude. H4: Entrepreneurial skill will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial attitude. H5: Entrepreneurial skill will have a positive effect on subjective norms. H6: Entrepreneurial skill will have a positive effect on perceived behavioral control. H7: Entrepreneurial attitude will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. H8: Subjective norms will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. H9: Perceived behavioral control will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. H10: Perceived barriers will have a negative effect on entrepreneurial intention. H11: Perceived support will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. H12: Entrepreneurial intention will have a positive effect on the discovery of business chances. H13: Entrepreneurial intention will have a positive effect on the exploitation of business chances. To get the sample data, survey was conducted between October 25, 2010 and November 13, 2010 of seniors who graduated from a senior entrepreneurship academy operated by the Korea Small Business Administration. We received 371 responses and excluded 141 responses due to incomplete answers. Finally we accepted 230 samples. We employed two statistical packages, SPSS 15.0 for descriptive and reliability analysis and AMOS 7.0 for confirmatory factor analysis and structural model analysis with latent variables. We found that questionnaires containing incomplete answers had two types. The first type, which were about thirty six percent of the incomplete questionnaires, were missing more than fifty percent of the values per construct. To use incomplete questionnaires in statistical tests, we adopted a regression input for the missing values which were less than fifty percent of the items per construct. Second, we eliminated questionnaires containing a series of the same response value or of the same response values pattern. Although we tried to translate English questions into Korean questions to make it easy to check values, seniors who are about fifty years old or older may have difficulties to respond to these questions because of their age. The minimum value of Cronbach`s α in the twelve research constructs is 0.721 and the maximum is 0.906. Fit indexes of confirmatory factor analysis model are χ2(df)=491.116(368), p=0.000, RMSEA=0.038, GFI=0.888, AGFI=0.848, TLI=0.956 and CFI=0.965. In this test, composite reliabilities are 0.640 through 0.892 and AVEs (Average Variance Extracted) are 0.472 through 0.814. Research constructs in confirmatory factor analysis have discriminant validity because all of the 95 percent confidence intervals of correlation coefficient among the twelve latent variables do not include one. Fit indexes of our research model represent a satisfactory level in structural equation analysis (χ2(df)=643.475(406), p=0.000, RMSEA=0.051, GFI=0.854, AGFI=0.821, TLI=0.923, CFI=0.933). In the research model, significant paths/standardized coefficient/hypotheses are as follow; 「entrepreneurial skill → entrepreneurial attitude, 0.080」(H4), 「entrepreneurial skill → subjective norms, 0.703」(H5), 「entrepreneurial skill → perceived behavioral control, 0.894」(H6), 「entrepreneurial attitude → entrepreneurial intention, 0.296」(H7), 「perceived behavioral control → entrepreneurial intention, 0.395」(H9), 「entrepreneurial intention → discovery, 0.603」(H12), 「entrepreneurial intention → exploitation, 0.217」 (H13). We should revise our research model because, in testing the research model, there were two paths containing M.I. of more than ten. So, we tested the revised model with added two paths in the research model. The two paths were 「subjective norms → entrepreneurial attitude」 and 「subjective norms → perceived behavior control」. Fit indexes of the revised model were better than those of the research model (χ2(df)=619.654(404), p=0.000, RMSEA=0.048, GFI=0.857, AGFI=0.825, TLI=0.930, CFI=0.939) and the χ2 difference test between the revised model and the research model was significant. So we accepted the revised model as the final model. In the final model, we found full mediation effects of entrepreneurial attitude and perceived behavioral control, respectively in the relationship of subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention. The overall results supported H1(0.469), but not H2(-0.216, -0.172). The result shows that risk-taking, rather than autonomy, is the factor that influences entrepreneurial decision making for seniors(Dess and Lumpkin, 2005). Results also supported H4(0.458), H5(0.485), H6(H510). Similar to the Linan`s(2008) proven fact, entrepreneurial capabilities have been shown to have the largest impact along with entrepreneurial behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. H7(0.383) and H9(0.386) were supported by the results, but H8 was rejected. The overall result is similar with previous research performed by Linan(2008) and Linan and Chen(2009). On the other hand, H10 and H11 were rejected due to the lack of government support for senior entrepreneurship and the lack of a suitable socioeconomical environment. Lastly, H12(0.597) and H13(0.214) was supported by the results. The results of this research were organized by Ajzen`s(1991) TPB model. According to the results, there were positive relationships between entrepreneurial behavior, entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial capabilities. These results show that the Senior Entrepreneurship Education Center should focus on educating seniors based on enhancing entrepreneurship capabilities. In addition, since risk taking was the only factor that affected entrepreneurial behavior, it is important to educate seniors to manage possible risks. Another result showed that subjective norms had a relatively large impact on entrepreneurial behavior and on perceived behavioral control. Therefore, entrepreneurship education institutions should focus on building a curriculum based on communication. Lastly, Korean senior entrepreneurs were found to focus on opportunity findings rather than environmental restrictions. This shows that it is realistic for the government to support senior entrepreneurship rather than putting the focus on economic relief. Limitations and future research proposals have been categorized in seven different parts. Following is the list of those categories: lack of previous research about senior entrepreneurship, need for longitudinal study, limitation on error estimation, limitation on samples, need for various approach methods on senior entrepreneurship, need to develop a comparison model between senior and young adult entrepreneurs, and a need to categorize senior entrepreneurs based on the years they were in business.