가스를 포함하는 고분자 재료(PETG)의 유리전이온도 변화

차성운,윤재동,Cha, Seong-Un,Yun, Jae-Dong 대한기계학회 2000 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.24 No.4

The industries use polymer materials for many purposes because they have many merits. But these materials' costs take up too much proportion in overall cost of products that use these materials as their major material. So it is very economical for polymer industries to reduce these costs. Microcellular foaming process appeared in 1980's to solve this problem and it proved to be quite successful. This process uses inert gases such as CO2, N2. As these gases are dissolved into polymer matrices. many properties are changed. Glass transition temperature is one of these properties. DSC, DMA are devices that measures this temperature, but these are not sufficient to measure the temperature of polymer containing gas. In this paper, we devised a new tester that uses magnetism. We used this device to acquire data of the change of glass transition temperature and made Cha-Yoon model that can predict the change of glass transition temperature. Using this model, the change of this temperature can be estimated as a function of weight gain of gas. Cha-Yoon model proved that Chow's model is inappropriate to predict the change of glass transition temperature of polymer matrices containing gas.

Comparison of antibody responses after the 1st and 2nd doses of COVID-19 vaccine with those of patients with mild or severe COVID-19

( Hye Hee Cha ),( So Yun Lim ),( Ji-soo Kwon ),( Ji Yeun Kim ),( Seongman Bae ),( Jiwon Jung ),( Sung-han Kim ) 대한내과학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.37 No.2

Background/Aims: Data comparing the antibody responses of different coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine platforms according to dose with natural severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-induced antibody responses are limited. Methods: Blood samples from adult patients with mild and severe COVID-19 and healthcare workers who received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (2nd dose at 12-week intervals) and BNT162b2 vaccine (2nd dose at 3-week intervals) were collected and compared by immunoglobulin G immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 specific spike protein using an in-house-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: A total of 53 patients, including 12 and 41 with mild and severe COVID-19, respectively, were analyzed. In addition, a total of 73 healthcare workers, including 37 who received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and 36 who received BNT162b2, were enrolled. Antibody responses after the first and second doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or the first dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine were similar to those in convalescent patients with mild COVID-19, but lower than those in convalescent patients with severe COVID-19, respectively. However, after the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine, the antibody response was comparable to that in convalescent patients with severe COVID-19. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the second dose of mRNA vaccination may be more beneficial in terms of long-term immunity and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 variant infection than a single dose of COVID-19 vaccination or homologous second challenge ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.

급성 신우신염이 선행된 Escherichia coli 농흉 1예

차치운,조준형,김미진,오윤정,연재우,이성규,오미정,채지영,김수연 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.5

We experienced a case of acute pyelonephritis which progressed to Escherichia coli bacteremia and later complicated by empyema in a 65-year-old female. She was successfully treated with intravenous antibiotic therapy and percutaneous drainage of empyema.

김해 이주노동자들의 공간 의미화와 ‘외국인 거리’의 형성

차철욱,차윤정 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2013 한국민족문화 Vol.47 No.-

This study is an analysis on how migrant workers, who frequently cross borders in the global era, give meaning to their living space. Migrant workers experience discrimination in a foreign land due to disparate culture and the power relation of capital vs. worker, and such discrimination influence the way they form their living space. The foreigner avenue located at the old downtown of Gimhae city, Gyeongsangnamdo was chosen for analysis. This avenue was formed since five years ago as stores providing basic necessities for migrant workers along with foreign restaurants drastically increased in the area. The present study aimed to show that this space functioned as a space providing psychological stability to the foreigners in addition serving the apparent functions such as information exchange and consumption space. However, the opinions held by Gimhae citizens about the image of foreigner avenue composed of migrant workers differ. Depending on interests, two contrasting views exist: one seeing the space as a multicultural space, and the other seeing it as a dangerous space. Whether the foreigner avenue will prosper into a multicultural space that allows cultural exchanges and communication or turn into another space of isolation from the interaction between the foreigners vs. the natives is a question that requires careful attention. 본 연구는 글로벌 시대 국경을 넘나드는 이주노동자들이 생활공간을 의미화하는 과정을 분석한 것이다. 이주노동자들은 타국에서 이질적인 문화와 자본-노동자라는 권력관계에 의한 차별을 경험하는데, 이러한 차별은 그들이 생활공간을 만드는 방식에 영향을 끼친다. 연구 대상은 경상남도 김해시 구도심에 위치한 외국인 거리이다. 이곳은 약 5년 전부터 외국 음식점을 비롯하여 이주노동자의 생활필수품을 제공하는 상점들이 급속하게 증가하면서 만들어졌다. 본 연구에서는, 이 공간이 외국인의 정보교환과 소비의 공간 같은 표면적 기능 외에 심리적 안정 공간으로서의 기능을 가졌음을 밝히고자 하였다. 하지만 이주노동자들로 구성되는 외국인 거리의 이미지에 대해 김해시민들의 의견은 엇갈린다. 이곳에 대한 이해관계에 따라 다문화공간과 위험한공간이라는 두 가지의 상반된 입장이 존재한다. 앞으로 외국인 거리가 문화소통이 이루어지는 다문화공간으로 나아갈지, 아니면 외국인과 내국인의 관계에서 또 다른 고립공간으로 변화하게 될지에 대한 관심이 필요하다.

靑刈作物의 成熟段階에 따르는 營養 成分 變化

蔣潤煥,河成珍 慶北大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

The barley (Barsoy species) and rye (Petkuser) forages were collected at the varying stages of maturity from pre-heading to yellow ripe stage. The contents of general and inorganic compositions were analyzed by the methods of common procedure, colorimetry, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 1. The crude pcotein contents in green fodder and its hay of barley were in the ranges of 1.4-3.7% and 8-19%, respectively. The changes of dry matter contents following the maturity represented a decreasing trend. The ether extract levels in hay were 0.8-1.4%, showing unchangeable figure with the progress of maturity. N-free extract contents in hay were from 35% to 57%. They were increased while the maturity of plant progressed. The contents of crude fiber were increased until the stage of early bloom, but decreased after that. The contents of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and magnesium were similar to those other researchers reported. However, the values of iron, manganese and zinc were different from the others. The levels of inorganic elements in barley dry matter were not much different from each other following the maturity. 2. The contents of crude protein in fodder rye and its hay were 2.2-3.2% and 7-19%, respectively. The levels in dry matter were decreased according to the progress of maturity as well as in barley. The ether extract contents in hay were 0.8-2.0%, nitrogen-free extract were 35.5-43.7%, crude fiber were 23.0-32.3% and crude ash were 7.5-4.7%. The changing trends for above general compositions following the matunity were similar to those in barley. The values of mineral compositions in rye dry matter showed unchangeable figures as in barley.

소독제에 의한 콕시디움오오시스트의 포자형성 억제효과

이윤세,지차호 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2005 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.6 No.2

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消費者의 購買選擇에 관한 理論的 考察

차수련,채연수 동국대학교 대학원 1990 大學院硏究論集-東國大學校 大學院 Vol.20 No.-

In the Marketplace, consumer buy that the various product classes are represented by numberous brands, The total set is composed of al brands within a product category that exist in that market, However, consumers may not be aware of all of the brands that exist. Thus there is an awareness set and an unawareness set. The consumer makes a purchase choice from among the brands in the awareness set. The awareness set consists of evoked set. inert set(consisting of brands for which the consumer has insufficient information for evaluation), and inept set(consisting of those brands the consumer has rejected from purchase consideration). The brands that become alternatives to the buyer's choice decision are generally a small number. collectively called his evoked set. A brand would be an element of the buyer's evoked set if he would consider it as an alternative if purchase decision were made now. To evaluate the products in the evoked set. a consumer establishes a set of criteria against which to compare the products' characteristics. These criteria are characteristics or features that are desired (or not desired ) by the buyer. A consumer evaluates a brand on the basis of a number of choice criteria. These criteria are the standards and specifications the consumer uses in evaluating product and brands. They define the preferred product brand features that a consumer seeks in a purchase and be either objective of subjective in nature. Virtually any type of product-related consequence can be a choice criterion in a brand-choice decision, induding salient beliefs about functional consequence. psychosocial consequence or value consequence. Evaluative criteria may vary from one consumer to another and change over time. The number and type of evaluative criteria may vary by product. Consumer decision (or choice) rules are procedures employed by consumers to facilitate brand choice, Such rules serve to reduce the burden of making complex decisions by providing guidelines or routines that makes the process less taxing. Consumer choice rulues have been broadly classified into two major categories : comepensatory rule and noncompensatory rules. In following a compensatory decision rull, a perceived weakness or negative evaluation on one criterion in compensated for by a positive evaluation on another criterion. Seprate evaluations for each choice alternative are combined to form overall evaluation of each one. Then highest-rated alternative is chosen. In comparison. non compensatory rules do not allow consumer to balance a positive evaluation of a brand on one attribute against a negative evaluation of the same brand on some attribute. There are four rules in noncompensatory rules: conjunctive, disjunctive, lexicographic and sequential elimination rule. Consumers using noncompensatory rule establishes a minimum acceptable level for each choice criterion. In conjunctive rule, consumer accept an alternative only if every citeria equals or exceeds the minimum cutoff level. In disjunctive rule, a product is acceptable if it exceeds the minimum level on at least on criterion. In lexicographic rule, consumer ranks choice criteria from most to least important and choose the best alternative on the most important criterion consumer using elimination rule selects one criterion and eliminates all alternatives that do not exceed the cutoff level. He continues eliminating alternatives until one alternative remains and chooses it. It is important for marketer to determine whether his brand is perceived as being in the consumer's evoked, inert, or intept set, Marketer should know consumer's choice criterion and rules. Thus he can influence consumer to buy his brand.

消費者의 購買選擇에 관한 理論的 考察

차수련,채연수 동국대학교 대학원 1990 연구논집 Vol.20 No.-

언어표상을 통한 로컬리티 구성 : 동래 지역을 중심으로

차윤정 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2012 한국민족문화 Vol.44 No.-

Under the premise that human being’s language is formed in a social world, this study aimed to compose locality through language representation by targeting the Dongnae region, which is recognized as Busan’s traditional place. For this, the relation between language representation that have been generated by local Dongnae residents and Dongnae’s historical and social characteristics was examined, and local residents’ consciousness that has been reflected on such representation was looked into. Based on the fact that Dongnae was the beginning of present Busan and center of administration and education, Dongnae residents possess the central consciousness of expanding traits of place, and generation differences in feelings of envy and jealousy for the past Busan region were observed. Currently in Dongnae-gu, 'history' is set and summoned as the region’s symbol for the instillation of consciousness in local residents and economic developments. Local residents either agree with the intention of local governments or are affected by it in certain parts. However, behind this, the 'community consciousness' based on the 'place' of Dongnae as a living place, which is different from the intention of creating a local government, is located. 이 연구에서는 인간의 언어가 사회적 세계에서 형성된다는 전제 하에,부산에서 전통적 공간으로 인식되고 있는 동래 지역을 대상으로, 언어표상을 통해 로컬리티를 구성해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 동래 지역 사람들에 의해 생성된 언어표상과 동래의 역사적․사회적 특징의 관련성을 살피고, 이러한 표상에 반영된 지역인들 의식을 살펴보았다. 동래 사람들은 동래가 현재 부산의 출발점이었다는 사실과 행정, 교육의 중심이었다는 사실을 바탕으로 장소의 특성을 확장시킨 중심의식을 가지고 있으며, 과거 부산 지역에 대한 선망과 질시의 감정에서 세대에 따른 차이를 보였다. 현재 동래구에서는 지역인으로서의 의식 고취와 경제 발전을 위해, ‘역사’를 지역의 표상으로 선정하고 호출한다. 지역인들은 지자체의 의도에 동의하거나 혹은 일정 부분 영향을 받고 있다. 하지만 그 이면에는 지자체가 만들어가려는 의도와는 또 다른, 삶의 터로서의 동래라는 ‘장소’에 기반한 ‘공동체 의식’이 자리하고 있다.

집먼지 진드기(Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus)에 대한 몇가지 허브 에센셜 오일의 기피효과

김병윤, 지차호 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2008 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.9 No.1

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