A Review of Industrially Developed Components and Operation Conditions for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

Lim, Ahyoun,Cho, Min Kyung,Lee, So Young,Kim, Hyoung-Juhn,Yoo, Sung Jong,Sung, Yung-Eun,Jang, Jong Hyun,Park, Hyun S. The Korean Electrochemical Society 2017 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.8 No.4

Solid-state alkaline water electrolysis is a promising method for producing hydrogen using renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. Despite active investigations of component development for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE), understanding of the device performance remains insufficient for the commercialization of AEMWE. The study of assembled AEMWE devices is essential to validate the activity and stability of developed catalysts and electrolyte membranes, as well as the dependence of the performance on the device operating conditions. Herein, we review the development of catalysts and membranes reported by different AEMWE companies such as ACTA S.p.A. and Proton OnSite and device operating conditions that significantly affect the AEMWE performance. For example, $CuCoO_x$ and $LiCoO_2$ have been studied as oxygen evolution catalysts by Acta S.p.A and Proton OnSite, respectively. Anion exchange membranes based on polyethylene and polysulfone are also investigated for use as electrolyte membranes in AEMWE devices. In addition, operation factors, including temperature, electrolyte concentration and acidity, and solution feed methods, are reviewed in terms of their influence on the AEMWE performance. The reaction rate of water splitting generally increases with increase in operating temperature because of the facilitated kinetics and higher ion conductivity. The effect of solution feeding configuration on the AEMWE performance is explained, with a brief discussion on current AEMWE performance and device durability.

Damping index of Doppler hepatic vein waveform to assess the severity of portal hypertension and response to propranolol in liver cirrhosis: a prospective nonrandomized study

Kim, Moon Young,Baik, Soon Koo,Park, Dong Hun,Lim, Dae Wook,Kim, Jae Woo,Kim, Hyun Soo,Kwon, Sang Ok,Kim, Young Ju,Chang, Sei Jin,Lee, Samuel S. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing 2007 Liver International Vol. No.

<P>Abstract</P><P>Background and Aims</P><P>Alterations in the Doppler hepatic vein (HV) waveform are associated with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. We prospectively evaluated the correlation between the extent of abnormal Doppler HV waveforms expressed as damping index (DI) and the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and response to propranolol in patients with cirrhosis.</P><P>Material and Methods</P><P>In 76 patients with cirrhosis (69 men and seven women), both DI of Doppler HV waveform and HVPG were measured, and the relationship between them was analysed. DI was calculated by the minimum velocity/maximum velocity of the HV waveform. An HVPG>12 mmHg was defined as severe portal hypertension. In a subgroup of 19 patients receiving propranolol, changes in both DI and HVPG were evaluated after propranolol administration for 3 months. One author (S. K. B.) performed all DI of Doppler HV waveform studies.</P><P>Results</P><P>Abnormal HV waveforms were seen in 66 of 76 patients (86.8%). DI significantly correlated with the grade of HVPG, i.e. with higher HVPG increased DI was observed (<I>P</I><0.01). By logistic regression analysis, DI>0.6 was significantly more likely to be severe portal hypertension (odds ratio: 14.19, 95% confidence interval: 4.07–49.55). Receiver-operating characteristic curve according to the value of 0.6 of DI showed a sensitivity of 75.9% and a specificity of 81.8% for the presence of severe portal hypertension. In 19 patients of the propranolol subgroup, change of DI following propranolol treatment also significantly correlated with that of HVPG (<I>P</I><0.01).</P><P>Conclusions</P><P>Damping index of the HV waveform by Doppler ultrasonography might be a non-invasive supplementary tool in evaluating the severity of portal hypertension and in responding to propranolol in patients with liver cirrhosis.</P>

Preparation and Characterization of Sulfonated Poly(ether Sulfone) Using 4,4-Bis(4-Hydroxylphenyl)valeric Acid for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Application

Seo, Dong Wan,Lim, Young Don,Islam Mollah, M. S.,Lee, Soon Ho,Moon, Sang Ho,Pyun, Sang Young,Kim, Whan Gi Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2009 Materials science forum Vol.620 No.-

<P>Poly(ether sulfone)s (PES) containing 25-75 mol % valeric acid were prepared with bisphenol A, bis(4-chlorophenyl)sulfone and 4,4-Bis(4-hydroxylphenyl)valeric acid using potassium carbonate in DMAc (dimethylacetamide) at 160 °C. Copolymers containing carboxylacid group were reduced to hydroxy group by BH3 solution 1M in THF and NaBH4 co-catalyst. Sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s (S-PES) were obtained by reaction of 1,3-propanesultone and the reduced copolymer (PES-OH) with potassium t-butoxide. A series of copolymers were studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Sorption experiments were conducted to observe the interaction of sulfonated polymers with water and methanol. The S-PES membranes exhibited proton conductivities from 1.20  10-3 to 3.40  10-3 S/cm, water swell from 12.25 to 31.50 %, IEC from 0.43 to 0.72 meq/g and methanol diffusion coefficients from 3.60  10-7 to 4.90  10-7 cm2/S at 25 °C.</P>

CD137-inducing factors from T cells and macrophages accelerate the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques in hyperlipidemic mice

Jung, In-Hyuk,Choi, Jae-Hoon,Jin, Jing,Jeong, Se-Jin,Jeon, Sejin,Lim, Chaeji,Lee, Mi-Ran,Yoo, Ji-Young,Sonn, Seong-Keun,Kim, Young Ho,Choi, Beom Kyu,Kwon, Byoung S.,Seoh, Ju-Young,Lee, Cheol Whan,Kim, The Federation of American Societies for Experimen 2014 The FASEB Journal Vol.28 No.11

<P>CD137 (4-1BB), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, has been reported to be expressed in atherosclerotic plaques, and to promote lesion formation. However, the role of CD137 in mediating atherosclerotic plaque stability and the possible underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, apolipoprotein E-deficient (<I>ApoE</I><SUP>−/−</SUP>) and CD137-deficient <I>ApoE</I><SUP>−/−</SUP> (<I>ApoE</I><SUP>−/−</SUP>CD137<SUP>−/−</SUP>) mice fed a chow diet for 66 wk were used. CD137 induces plaque instability, which is characterized by increased plaque necrosis, decreased collagen content, decreased vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) content, and increased macrophage infiltration. CD137 also increases the infiltration of effector T (T<SUB>eff</SUB>) cells into plaque lesion sites, resulting in increased interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression. Interestingly, T<SUB>eff</SUB>-cell-derived IFN-γ inhibits collagen synthesis in atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, CD137 activation increases the apoptosis of VSMCs, possibly by decreasing the antiapoptotic regulator, Bcl-2, and subsequently up-regulating cleaved caspase-3. In macrophages, activation of CD137 signaling boosted the oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 <I>via</I> the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 signaling pathways. In summary, activation of CD137 signaling decreases the stability of advanced atherosclerotic plaques <I>via</I> its combined effects on T<SUB>eff</SUB> cells, VSMCs, and macrophages.—Jung, I.-H., Choi, J.-H., Jin, J., Jeong, S.-J., Jeon, S., Lim, C., Lee, M.-R., Yoo, J.-Y., Sonn, S.-K., Kim, Y. H., Choi, B. K., Kwon, B. S., Seoh, J.-Y., Lee, C. W., Kim, D.-Y., Oh, G. T. CD137-inducing factors from T cells and macrophages accelerate the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques in hyperlipidemic mice.</P>

혈액 투석 환자에서 중심정맥 협착에 대한 스텐트 삽입술 : Wallstent Placement

임대승,노상필,이유선,정승현,김보영,이정우,강정아,김정희,이민수,정준용,최시완,정진옥,성인환,이강욱,신영태 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.1

Stenosis of central vein is a common complication arising after percutaneous subclavian vein catheter insertion performed for temporary vascular access in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. There are several treatment methods for the condition like percutaneous angioplasty(PTA), stent insertion, and surgery, but recent trend is toward PTA and stents. Among the patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure from March 1993 to May 2002 and undergoing hemodialysis through AV fistula, the 14 Patients in whom central vein stenosis arose were selected for the study. A total of 28 percutaneous interventions(5 PTA and 23 stent placement) were performed, and restenosis rate and the time taken till the restenosis in de novo lesions and instant lesions were compared. All 28 cases were operated successfully. The 14 cases that received both anigioplasty and stent placement initially. (de novo lesion : 14 cases), Among the 10 cases with de novo lesion that followed up more than 1 year, 3 cases are currently undergoing hemodialysis without restenosis, and the remaining 7 cases have recurred stenosis with the mean time to restenosis of 10.9 months. In the 7 cases in whom stenosis recurred, 11 interventions were done(instent lesion: 11 cases). 4 of these were using only ballon angioplasty with 100% restenosis rate and the mean time of 3 months until restenosis. The remaining 7 cases were using both balloon angioplasty and stent placement, also with 100% restenosis rate but with the mean time of 12 months until restenosis, which was later than the group receiving only balloon angioplasty. In treating the patients with central vein stenosis, stent placement seems to be more advantageous over PTA in terms of restenosis rate and the mean duration of patency. In the case of instent lesion, inserting the stent for the second time after stenosis recurred lengthened the duration of patency compared to performing balloon angioplasty alone.

검체별 세균 검사 방법 및 분리균의 생화학적 동정

임시근,이정숙,이경룡,이영애,서지석,최상규 내무부 국립과학수사연구소 2000 國立科學搜査硏究所年報 Vol.32 No.-

培養胸管淋巴球의 蛋白質性抗原 捕식에 關한 電子顯微鏡的 所見

劉永奎,林正均,金明國,韓性輸 최신의학사 1973 最新醫學 Vol.16 No.8

Throughout this study, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing approximately 400 to 500 grams, were used. Purified horse ferritin was chosen as the antigen. Collected lymphocytes were used within three hours after the initial collection began. They were diluted to a concentration of 5X10" cells Per ml in McCoy's media at Ph 7.2 and incubated with 10 mg of the purified ferritin for 30 minutes at 37°C. The cells were then washed 3 times in the same media by centrifuging in a clinical centrifuge. Some of the lymphocytes were centrifuged and fixed in a mixture of 1% paraformaldelhyde and 1% osmium tetroxide in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer at Ph 7.4. The pellets were fixed for 3 to 4 hours and washed in the same buffer containing 4% sucrose, dehydrated through a graded alcohol and embedded in epoxy resin in a routine manner. The pellets were sectioned on an LKB ultramicrotome and observed either in a Hitachi HS-8 or Philips 300 electron microscope. The present studies were undertaken the assess that thoracic duct lymphocytes are capable' of taking up small protein antigens by pinocytosis using the electron microscope. The results were as follows; 1. Electron microscopic observation of the final cell fraction ciearlye indicated that the cells were relatively free of absorved ferritin molecules as indicated by the absence of ferritin along the cell surface but rather cells indeed ingested ferritin granules by pinocytosis as suggested previously. 2. Thus it could be concluded that thoracic duct lymphocytes are capable of taking up small protein antigens by pinocytosis and that such uptake is immunologically meaningful.

염색제, 모발경화제 및 모발영양제 등이 모발의 혈액형 판정에 미치는 영향

이경룡,임시근,이정숙,이영애,서지석,최상규 내무부 국립과학수사연구소 2000 國立科學搜査硏究所年報 Vol.32 No.-

Mode-Dependent Fano Resonances Observed in the Predissociation of Diazirine in the S₁ State

Ahn, Doo-Sik,Kim, So-Yeon,Lim, Goo-Il,Lee, Sungyul,Choi, Young S.,Kim, Sang Kyu WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Angewandte Chemie Vol.49 No.7

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Lights, spectrometer, action: Crucial information about the detailed shape of the potential-energy surface in the vicinity of the transition state is obtained from the Fano resonances in the photodissociation cross-section of diazirine in the S<SUB>1</SUB> state. The excitation along the asymmetric C&n.bond;N stretching mode accelerates the ring-opening reaction, suggesting that two C&n.bond;N bonds of the excited diazirine break in a stepwise manner (see scheme). <img src='wiley_img_2010/14337851-2010-49-7-ANIE200905619-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/14337851-2010-49-7-ANIE200905619-content'> </P>

Mode-Dependent Fano Resonances Observed in the Predissociation of Diazirine in the S₁ State

Ahn, Doo-Sik,Kim, So-Yeon,Lim, Goo-Il,Lee, Sungyul,Choi, Young S.,Kim, Sang Kyu WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Angewandte Chemie Vol.122 No.7

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Licht, Spektrometer, Action: Fano- Resonanzen liefern detaillierte Informationen über die Potentialfläche in der Nähe des Übergangszustands bei der Photodissoziation von Diazirin im S<SUB>1</SUB>-Zustand. Die Anregung entlang der asymmetrischen C-N-Streckschwingungsmode beschleunigt die Ringöffnung; folglich scheinen die beiden C-N-Bindungen von angeregtem Diazirin nacheinander aufzubrechen (siehe Schema). <img src='wiley_img/00448249-2010-122-7-ANGE200905619-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/00448249-2010-122-7-ANGE200905619-content'> </P>