만성 남자 정신분열병 환자의 병식 정도와 기질 및 성격 유형과의 관계

강여화,김봉조,손진욱 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.5

연구목적 : 남자 만성 정신분열병 입원 환자에서의 병식 정도와 기질 및 성격유형간의 관련성을 규명하고자 한다. 부가적으로 병식 정도에 따른 사회 인구학적 변인 및 질병 연관 변인의 차이를 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 병식 평가를 위해 McEvoy등이 고안한 '병식과 치료태도에 대한 설문(ITAQ : Insight and Treat-ment Attitudes Questionnaire)'과 Amador 등이 고안한 병식 평가 검사(SUMD : Scale to As-sess Unawareness of Mental Disorder)를 이용한 구조화된 면담을 시행하였다. 다음, Cloninger의 기질-성격 철도(TCI : Temperament and Character inventory) 한국판을 이용하여 기질 및 성격특성을 측정하였다. 또한 병록지 검토와 면담을 통해 인구학적 변인 및 질병 연관 변인에 관한 자료를 얻었다. DSM-Ⅳ 진단기준에 의한 최종 분석의 대상이 된 환자는 113명이었다. 병식의 정도에 따라 병식이 높은 군(중간값 11점 이상)과 낮은 군(11점 이하)으로 양분하였다. 연구결과 1) ITAQ 병식 점수에 따른 양군의 비교에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 척도는 '새로운 것을 추구하는 성향'이었다. 2) ITAQ 병식 점수와 위험 회피적 성향 사이에서 유의한 상관관계가 있었고, '새로운 것을 추구하는 성향'과는 유의한 음성적 상관관계를 보였다. 하지만, 후천적으로 결정되는 성격 척도 사이에서는 통계적 유의성이 없었다. 3) 질병 연관 변인들 중 첫 발병 나이, 입원 형태, 유병기간, 현재 입원기간, 약물투여량은 양군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 결 론 본 연구 결과는 새로움 추구 성향이 높고 위험 회피 성향이 낮을수록 낮은 병식을 가질 수 있다는 병식 정도에 대한 기질특성의 영향을 시사한다. 그러므로 병식의 평가 단계에서 기질 유형을 파악하는 것이 임상적으로 의미가 있을 것이다. 앞으로 정신분열병 환자의 기질 및 성격 유형에 관한 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것이다. Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of insight level with temperament and character pattern in chronic male schizophrenics. In addition, we tried to examine demographic variables and illness-related variables which may affect the level of insight. Methods : To assess insight level by psychiatrists, Insight and Treatment Attitudes Question-naire(ITAQ), Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder(SUMD) were applied. Tem-perament and character patterns were evaluated by the Korean version of Cloninger's self-rated Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI). The authors investigated the correlations between insight level, and scores of temperament and character dimensions. Data on the demographic and illness-related variabres for the subjects were gathered from hospital records and clinical interviews. A total of 113 patients with schizophrenia according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria was analyzed. The insight level was dichotomized into good(≥median value of 11) and poor insight group(<11). Results : 1) There was a significant difference between good insightgroup and poor insight group in novelty seeking dimension in TCI. 2) There was a significant negative correlation between novelty seeking scores by TCI and insight scores by ITAQ(rs : Spearman correlation coefficient=-0.20, p<0.05). 3) Significant differences between good and poor insight groups were identified in diverse clinical variables such as age at onset of illness, mode of hospitalization, duration of illness, current length of stay, and dosage of drug. Conclusion : The results suggest that high scores in the temperament dimension of novelty seeking and low scores in the temperament dimension of harm avoidance may influence poor insight in patients with chronic male schizophrenia. Therefore it is clinically valuable for us to assess the pattern of temperament at the stage of insight evaluation. The authors suggest that further studies on temperament and character in schizophrenia is needed.

혐오시설의 입지갈등해소에 관한 연구 : 제주도 한남리 쓰레기 매립장 사례를 중심으로 Focused on the Case of Han Nam-Ri, Cheju-Do

강여진 명지대학교 대학원 1998 대학원논문집 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study is to find out the perception among Korean bureaucrats regarding the causes of conflicts which occur in the course of selecting waste site. This study first reviews the leterature and theories on the noncompliance and NIMBY, and then examines how the bureaucrats view the phenomina of the local residents opposition to the hazdous waste site. This is a case study focusing on the Han Nam-Ri, CheJu-Do waste site. It is also an empirical study doing a survery research for the data collection concerning bureaucrats' perception. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, previous studies on local opposition to LULUs are reviewed, and theories on NIMBY are expounded, Second as a result of the survey research it was identified that some inportant factors have interacted to affect local residents' opposition. They are residents participation, trust on the project sponsor, and fear of potential danger. Third, on the basis of the above findings, the following 9 strategies are suggested as a way of coping with local opposition. 1) Local residents should be allowed to participate, in the facility site selection and siting process. 2) Information should be disclosed to them. 3) More active promotion and education efforts should be rendered toward local residents. 4) The policy sponsors should enhance local residents' trusts an themselves. 5) Appropriate compensation should be provided to local residents. 6) Siting approaches should be improved. 7) Public discussions with environmental activists groups should be encouraged. 8) The government's siting decision making bodies should be streamlined into one. 9) Delegation of facility siting decision authority to the local government is increased.

참돌꽃 근경의 항산화작용

류광열,강원식,김영호,장해동,홍진태,유환수,윤여표 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1998 藥學論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidative effects of Rhodiola sachalinensis Rhodiola methanol extract was fractionated sequentially with dichloromethane and butanol. Each Rhodiola fraction (water, MeOH, BuOH and CH_2Cl_2 fractions) showed the potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and had inhibitory effets on peroxide value of linoleic acid (40~57%) and lipid peroxidation (47~70%) in FE^2+/ascorbate system-induced rat liver microsome. Rhodiola methanol extract also recovered carbon tetrachloride-induced decrease in SOD by 42% and catalase activities by 50%, and had inhibitory effects (54%) on carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsome. These results suggest that Rhodiola sachalinensis has the antioxidative effects.

아동기 가정 내 스트레스가 공동의존성에 미치는 영향 및 공동의존성과 정신병리와의 관련성

곽운환,손지욱,한규희,박철수,김장락,김붕년,김봉조,강여화,하형래 대한생물치료정신의학회 2003 생물치료정신의학 Vol.9 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구는 공동의존성에 영향을 미치는 아동기 가정내 스트레스 요인과 공동의존성과 다른 병리와의 연관성을 규명하고자 하였다. 더불어 특정한 질환에서의 공동의존성의 평가가 가지는 의의를 탐색해 보고자 하였다. 방 법: 연구 대상은 정상 일반인 남성집단 88명과 알코올리즘 남성 집단 76명으로 구성되어 있다. 평가도구는 본 저자가 직접 작성한 '아동기 가정내 스트레스 요인 측정용 설문'과 공동의존 척도(RPS), 간이증상 진단검사(SCL-90-R)를 사용하였다. 통계적 분석은 Mann-Whitmey test, Kruskall- Wallis test, Multiple linear regression analysis, Spearman correlation analysis를 이용하였다. 결 과: 1) 정상 일반인 군과 알코올리즘 군의 공동의존성 평균값은 각각 49.12점(표준편차=15.41)과 88.31점(표준편차=17.48)이었다. 2) 정상 일반인 군에서는 '아동기 부모 사별'(p<0.01) '부모의 알코올리즘'(p<0.01) '부모의 상습적 구타'(p<0.01)의 3가지 요인에서, 알코올리즘 군에서는 '어린시절 부모 사별'(p<0.01) '부모의 알코올리즘'(p<0.01) '부모의 상습적 구타'(p<0.01) '부도의 도박'(p<0.01) '사회 병질자 부모의 존재'(p<0.05)의 5가지 요인에서 스트레스 유무에 따라 공동의존성에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3) 두 집단 동시에 SCR-90-R의 8개 소척도 중 '대인관계 예민성'이 공동의존성과 가장 높은 연관성(rs>0.06, p<0.01)을 보였다. 이외에도 '우울증' '불안증'등이 두 집단 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 결 론: 본 연구는 부모의 알코올리즘뿐만 아니라 여러 가정 내 스트레스 요인이 공동의존성의 발생에 영향을 미칠 수 있음과 공동의존성이 높은 집단이 다른 정신과 질환을 동반할 가능성이 높음을 증명한다고 할 수 있다. Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of codependency with family stressors in childhood and psychopathology. Methods : Subjects were a group of 88 normal adult males and a group of 76 alcoholic males. The degree of codependency was assessed with the Korean version of Recovery Potential Survey(RPS). All subjects filled out questionnaires regarding demographic information and family stressors. The psychopathology was measured by self-administred questionnaires using Symptom Check List-90-Revision(SCL-90-R). Results : 1) There were no significant differences in codependency levels by sociodemographic characteristics in two groups, but obvious difference in mean of codependency scores(normal group : 49.12±15.41, alcoholism group : 88.31±17.48). 2) There were significant differences in codependency levels between the presence and absence of parental physical abuse, parental death, and parental alcoholism(p<0.01) in both groups. 3) Among family stressors, parental physical abuse had the largest contribution to codependency level in multiple linear regression. 4) There were significant correlations between the codependency levels and the scores of SCL-90-R's subscales of interpersonal sensitivity, depression, and anxiety in both groups. Conclusion : The codependency levels were related to some family stressors such as parental physical abuse, parental death, and parental alcoholism and the high-level codependency was correlated with higher level of psychopathology in both normal and alcoholism group. These results suggested that various family stressors, as well as parental alcoholism may be predictors of codependency, and codependency also may be a predictor of other psychiatric disorders.

성인 쇄골 중위부 골절의 수술적 치료

김동준,김철민,강충남,왕진만,노권재,윤여헌 대한골절학회 1994 대한골절학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The clavicle plays very important role in the motion of the shoulder girdle and maintenance of power and stability of the arm. The most clavicular shaft fractures can be treated by conservative methods with a high rate of union and low rate of complications. The operative treatment in clavicular fracture is limited in such as wide separation of the fragments with soft tissue interposition, nonunion, or neurovascular involvements. From 1989 to 1991, eighty six consecutive patients with clavicular shaft fractures were treated at Ewha Womans University Hospital. Fifty eight patients were treated conservatively(Group I ) and twenty eight patients operatively(Group II) Authors compared both groups and obtained the following results; 1. The most common cause of injuries was the traffic accident and the most common associated skeletal injury around the shoulder was the rib fracture. 2. The degree of comminution and displacement of the clavicular shaft fracture were more severe in Group lI. 3. The average time to union was 8.7 weeks in Group I and 10.3 weeks in Group II. 4. The average rate of union at 4 months was 93.1% in Group I and 96.4% in Group II. 5. The functional result was good or excellent in over 90% in both Groups according to the Kang's criteria. 6. The rate of complication was 8.6% in Group I (one nonunion, three delayed unions and one malunion) and 3.6% in Group lI(only one case of nonunion) 7. The immobilization period was between 6 to 8 weeks in Group I and within 4 weeks in Group II in most cases.

Stereotypes in Co-Teaching of Native English Speaking Teachers

Yeo-jin Kang(Yeo-jin Kang) 한국캐나다학회 2016 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.22 No.2

This study investigated the perceptions and stereotypes of English education in Korean Elementary schools that native English speaking teachers (NESTs) have towards the Korean English teachers (KETs), Korean students, and Korean education system. Two Canadian English teachers have participated in this study in which they were interviewed twice, respectively. During interviews the participants revealed their perceptions toward English language teaching in Korea and their difficulties they have in co-teaching. The overall results of this study show that participants tend to think the teaching style of KETs is teacher-centered, characterized by ‘memorizat- ion’ and ‘repetition’, while their own class is centered on ‘critical thinking skills and creative method’. These stereotypes resemble the discourses used in ‘Orientalism’ and ‘Native speakerism’ which reveal that such stereotyping is neither original nor creative. Moreover, the participants categorize KETs’ teaching styles and their culture based on the essentialistic view centered around unproblematic Self and problematic Other. This could be to resist the KET’s power and maintain hegemony in co-teaching which prevents them from forming a close relationship with their partner teachers necessary for successful co-teaching.

Low-molecular weight keratins with anti-skin aging activity produced by anaerobic digestion of poultry feathers with <i>Fervidobacterium islandicum</i> AW-1

Yeo, Inhyuk,Lee, Yong-Jik,Song, Kyeongseop,Jin, Hyeon-Su,Lee, Jae-Eun,Kim, Dajeong,Lee, Dong-Woo,Kang, Nam Joo Elsevier 2018 Journal of biotechnology Vol.271 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Bioactive peptides contribute to various cellular processes including improved skin physiology. Hence, bioactive keratins have attracted considerable attention as active cosmetic ingredients for skin health. Here, we obtained low molecular weight (LMW) keratins from native chicken feathers by anaerobic digestion with an extremely thermophilic bacterium <I>Fervidobacterium islandicum</I> AW-1, followed by stepwise fractionation through ultrafiltration. To assess the effects of the feather keratins on skin health, we performed in vitro and ex vivo assays to investigate their inhibitory effects on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). As results, LMW feather keratins marginally inhibited collagenase, elastase, and radical scavenging activities. On the other hand, LMW feather keratins significantly suppressed the expression of ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced MMP-1 and MMP-13 in human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, phospho-kinase antibody array revealed that LMW feather keratins suppressed UVB-induced phosphorylation of Akts, c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1, p38 beta, and RSK2, but not ERKs in human dermal fibroblast. Overall, these results suggest that LMW feather keratins are potential candidates as cosmeceutical peptides for anti-skin aging.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Anaerobic digestion of native chicken feathers with <I>Fervidobacterium islandicum</I> AW-1, followed by ultrafiltration, can produce low molecular weight (LMW, < 1 kDa) keratins. </LI> <LI> LMW feather keratins marginally inhibited collagenase, elastase, and radical scavenging activities. </LI> <LI> LMW feather keratins significantly suppressed the expression of UVB-induced MMP-1 and MMP-13 in human dermal fibroblasts. </LI> <LI> LMW feather keratins are potential candidates as cosmeceutical peptides for anti-skin aging. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effect of aerobic exercise training on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high fat diet in C57BL/6 mice

( Jin Kyung Cho ),( In Hwan Lee ),( Dong Hyun Kim ),( Yeo Jung Koh ),( Ji Young Kong ),( Sang Hee Lee ),( Hyun Sik Kang ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.4

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on a high fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver and its metabolic complications in C57BL/6 mice. [Methods] Mice at 5-month old (n = 30) were randomly assigned to standard chow (SC + CON, n = 10) and high-fat diet (HFD, n = 20), and they were subjected to SC and HFD, respectively, for 23-week. After 15-week of HFD, mice in the HFD group were further assigned to HFD (HFD + CON, n = 10) or exercise training (HFD + EX, n = 10) groups. The HFD + EX mice were subjected to aerobic treadmill running during the last 8-week of the 23-week HFD course. Outcomes included hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function and/or fatty oxidation as well as de novo lipogenesis and/or triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. [Results] Treadmill running ameliorated impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance secondary to the HFD. The beneficial effects of treadmill running were associated with enhanced molecular markers of mitochondrial function and/or fatty acids oxidation (i.e., PPARα and CPT1a mRNAs, pAMPK/AMPK, pACC, and SIRT1 protein) as well as suppressed expression of de novo lipogenesis and/or TAG synthesis (i.e., SREBP1c, lipin1 and FAS mRNAs) in the liver. [Conclusion] The current findings suggest that aerobic exercise training is an effective and non-pharmacological means to combat fatty liver and its metabolic complications in HFD-induced obese mice.

Pathologic Complete Response of Primary Tumor Following Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Long-term Outcomes and Prognostic Significance of Pathologic Nodal Status (KROG 09-01)

Yeo, Seung-Gu,Kim, Dae Yong,Kim, Tae Hyun,Chang, Hee Jin,Oh, Jae Hwan,Park, Won,Choi, Doo Ho,Nam, Heerim,Kim, Jun-Sang,Cho, Moon-June,Kim, Jong Hoon,Park, Jin-hong,Kang, Min Kyu,Koom, Woong Sub,Kim, J Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2010 Annals of surgery Vol.252 No.6

OBJECTIVE:: To investigate long-term outcomes of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients with postchemoradiotherapy (post-CRT) pathologic complete response of primary tumor (ypT0) and determine prognostic significance of post-CRT pathologic nodal (ypN) status. BACKGROUND:: LARC patients with post-CRT pathologic complete response were suggested to have favorable long-term outcomes, but prognostic significance of ypN status has never been specifically defined in ypT0 patients. METHODS:: The Korean Radiation Oncology Group collected clinical data for 333 LARC patients with ypT0 following preoperative CRT and curative radical resections between 1993 and 2007. Sphincter preservation surgery and abdominoperineal resection were performed in 283 (85.0%) and 50 (15.0%) patients, respectively. Postoperative chemotherapy was given to 285 (85.6%) patients. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazard model was used in multivariate analyses. RESULTS:: After median follow-up of 43 (range = 14–172) months, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 84.6% and overall survival (OS) was 92.8%. The ypN status was ypT0N0 in 304 (91.3%), ypT0N1 in 22 (6.6%), and ypT0N2 in 7 (2.1%) patients. The ypN status was the most relevant independent prognostic factor for both DFS and OS in ypT0 patients. The 5-year DFS and OS was 88.5% and 94.8% in ypT0N0 patients, and 45.2% and 72.8% in ypT0N+ patients (both, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:: LARC patients achieving ypT0N0 after preoperative CRT had favorable long-term outcomes, whereas positive ypN status had a poor prognosis even after total regression of primary tumor.

Effect of Daillyl Sulfide on the Production of Nitric Oxide by Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages

Kang, Mi-Kyung,Yoon, Yeo-Eun,Park, Jin-Woo,Jhee, Eun-Chung Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 2004 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.29 No.3

In the present study, we investigated the effect of garlic and diallyl sulfide(DAS), an active component of garlic, on the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by mouse peritoneal macrophages. Crude extract of garlic or diallyl sulfide significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) in macrophages treated with interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and Iipopolysaccharide (LPS). Inhibition of NO synthesis by dially1 sulfide was dose-dependent, reaching maximum at 200 nM. At 200 nM concentration, cytotoxicity of diallyl sulfide was minimal, as evidenced by lactate dehydrogenase release and reversibility of the inhibition. In the presence of diallyl sulfide, Western blot demonstrated markedly reduced iNOS protein. Synergistic effect of IFN-γ and LPS on (NO) production can be mimicked by both IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and diallyl sulfide also inhibited the NO production of cells treated wih IFN-y and exogenous TNF-α, suggesting that the action site was not the synthesis but the action of TNF-α. These results may provide an interesting basic mechanistic background regarding the beneficial effects attributed to garlic.