自然食品에 含有되어 있는 放射能濃度에 對한 調査硏究

張聖宰,金鍾榮,李海光,李美容,金聖年,朴贊杰,元奉必 국립보건연구원 1989 국립보건원보 Vol.26 No.

Isolation and Characterization of a Rhodococcus Species Strain Able to Grow on ortho- and para-Xylene

Jang Jung Yeon,Kim Dockyu,Bae Hyun Won,Choi Ki Young,Chae Jong-Chan,Zylstra Gerben J.,Kim Young Min,Kim Eungbin The Microbiological Society of Korea 2005 The journal of microbiology Vol.43 No.4

Rhodococcus sp. strain YU6 was isolated from soil for the ability to grow on o-xylene as the sole carbon and energy source. Unlike most other o-xylene-degrading bacteria, YU6 is able to grow on p-xylene. Numerous growth substrate range experiments, in addition to the ring-cleavage enzyme assay data, suggest that YU6 initially metabolizes 0- and p-xylene by direct aromatic ring oxidation. This leads to the formation of dimethylcatechols, which was further degraded largely through meta-cleavage path-way. The gene encoding meta-cleavage dioxygenase enzyme was PCR cloned from genomic YU6 DNA using previously known gene sequence data from the o-xylene-degrading Rhodococcus sp. strain DK17. Subsequent sequencing of the 918-bp PCR product revealed a $98\%$ identity to the gene, encoding meth-ylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase from DK17. PFGE analysis followed by Southern hybridization with the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene demonstrated that the gene is located on an approximately 560-kb megaplasmid, designated pJY J1

Selective Autophagy Receptors Interact with EDEM1 During itsDegradation

Insook Jang,Sujin Park,Bruno Guhl,Jin Won Cho,Jürgen Roth 한국당과학회 2012 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1

EDEM1 is an endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) component. ERAD is a cellular pathway that targets misfolded and misassembled glycoproteins for degradation. EDEM1 is involved in the recognition of misfolded luminal glycoproteins and in routing them for dislocation to the cytosol, followed by their degradation. EDEM1 interacts with substrate glycoproteins after their exit from the calnexin/calreticulin cycle and after processing by ER-mannosidase I. Although EDEM1 was proposed to be lectin–like and to react with Man8GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides, itsmechanism of action and its fate are still largely unknown. In a previous report, we found that EDEM1 becomes rapidly degraded and that this occurs by basal autophagy. Here, we show that EDEM1 forms complexes with the selective autophagy receptor p62, NBR1 and Alfy. This was demonstrated in HepG2 cells by double immunogold electron microscopy. Furthermore, we show the interaction between p62 and EDEM1 by immunoprecipitation- Western blot experiments. By serial section analysis, the origin of the phagophore for selective autophagy of EDEM1 could be identified as modified parts of rough ER cisternae. Hence, we provide new insight into the details of EDEM1 degradation process.

Selective autophagy receptors are involved in degradation of EDEM1

Sujin Park,Insook Jang,Jin Won Cho,Jürgen Roth 한국당과학회 2012 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1

Misfolded and mis-assembled glycoproteins are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where they are exposed to the protein folding machinery and protein quality control. The UPR (Unfoled Protein Response) is activated in response to an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Eventually, misfolded and mis-assembled glycoproteins are targeted for degradation by a process called ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). EDEM1 is an ERAD component that recognizes misfolded luminal glycoproteins and is routing them for dislocation to the cytosol. This is classically followed by their degradation. Although EDEM1 was initially proposed to be lectin–like and to react with Man8GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, its complex mode of interaction with substrates has become clear only recently. However, still very little is known about the turnover and degradation mechanism of EDEM1 and how this relates to the fate of its substrates. We already reported that EDEM1 becomes rapidly degraded and that this occurs by basal autophagy. Here, we provide detailed insight into the mechanism by which EDEM1 becomes degraded. After its dislocation to the cytosol, EDEM1 is apparently making complexes with the selective autophagy receptors p62, NBR1 and Alfy. We observed co-distribution of EDEM1 and selective autophagy receptors by double or triple confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence. By quantifying the relationship of EDEM1 and the selective autophagy receptors as visualized by confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence, dramatical changes were observed in HepG2 cells following inhibition of autophagy by wortmannin treatment. These changes were fully reversible upon wortmannin wash-out. In addition, we observed its ubiquitination after dislocation to the cytosol. This demonstrates that the ERAD component EDEM1 itself undergoes ERAD involving selective autophagy

라미부딘과 HBIg 1주일 단기 병합요법은 간이식 후 B형 간염 재발 방지에 HBIg 장기 고용량 투여요법만큼 효과적인가?

김성주,장재권,이석구,도재혁,백승운,최문석,조재원,고광철,이풍렬,이종철,최규완,박상종,이준혁,김재준,임윤정,안병훈 대한소화기학회 2001 대한소화기학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Background/Aims : The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the regimen consisted of lamivudine and one-week HBIg for HBV prophylaxis after liver transplantation is as effective as long-term therapy of high dose HBIg. Methods: Sixty-one patients with HBV infection were randomly divided into two groups: HBIg group of 31 patients and combination group of 30 patients. In the HBIg group, HBIg was given according to the standard dosing schedule. In the combination group, lamivudine was given indefinitely from at least 4 weeks before transplantation, and 10,000 IU of HBIg was given during anhepatic phase and 6 consecutive days. Results: The two groups were not different in HBeAg and HBV DNA positivity. In the HBIg group, the median follow-up of 20 long-term survivors was 12.7 months (range: 4.0 - 48.2) and that of 23 survivors in the combination group was 22.3 months (4.2 - 42.2). Hepatitis B recurred in a patient of the HBIg group and 2 of the combination group. The recurrence-free survival rate of long-term survivors was 66.7% (95% C.I., 39.5% - 93.9%) in the HBIg group and 76.0% (58.6% - 93.4%) in the combination group after 40 months. Conclusions: The combined therapy of lamivudine and one-week HBIg has an effect equivalent to long-term therapy of high dose HBIg in HBV prophylaxis after liver transplantation at a much lower cost.

ERADication of EDEM1 occurs by selective autophagy

Sujin Park,Insook Jang,Jin Won Cho,Jürgen Roth 한국당과학회 2013 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

Misfolded and misassembled glycoproteins are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where they are exposed to the protein folding machinery and protein quality control. The Unfolded Protein Response is activated in response to an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of the ER. Eventually, misfolded and mis-assembled glycoproteins are targeted for degradation by a process called ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). EDEM1 is an ERAD component that interacts with misfolded luminal glycoproteins and routes them for dislocation. This is followed by their ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Although EDEM1 was proposed to be a lectin–like protein and to react with Man8GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, still very little is known about the turnover and degradation mechanism of EDEM1 and how this relates to the fate of its substrates. Previously, we reported that EDEM1 exits the ER by a vesicular non-COPII-mediated mechanism and becomes rapidly degraded by basal autophagy. Here, we provide detailed insight into the mechanism by which EDEM1 becomes degraded. After its dislocation to the cytosol, EDEM1 is apparently making complexes with the selective autophagy receptors p62, NBR1 and Alfy. We observed co-distribution of EDEM1 and selective autophagy receptors by double and triple confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence. By quantifying the relationship of EDEM1 and the selective autophagy receptors as visualized by confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence and double immunogold electron microscopy, dramatical changes were observed in HepG2 cells. Following inhibition of autophagy by wortmannin, the number and size of cytoplasmic clusters composed of EDEM1 and the selective autophagy cargo receptors dramatically increased and this aggregate formation was independent of the activity of HDAC6. We observed that deglycosylation of EDEM1 occurred by the action of the cytosolic peptide N-glycanase since treatment with inhibitors resulted in a strong increase in the amount of glycosylated EDEM1. Inhibition of cytosolic peptide N-glycanase also inhibited wortmannin-induced aggregation of EDEM1 and its complex formation with p62. This indicates that deglycosylation of EDEM1 is a prerequisite for subsequent ubiquitination and interaction with selective autophagy receptors. This demonstrates that the ERAD component EDEM1 itself undergoes ERAD involving selective autophagy

Glucose deprivation increases O-GlcNAc protein modification in cancer cells through glycogen breakdown

Jeong Gu Kang,Sang Yoon Park,Suena Ji,Insook Jang,Sujin Park,Hyun Sil Kim,Sung-Min Kim,Jong In Yook,Yong-Il Park,Jürgen Roth,Jin Won Cho 한국당과학회 2011 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

In general the extent of protein O-GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAcylation) decreases when cellular glucose concentrations fall below normal levels. However, recent reports demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation was increased by glucose deprivation in HepG2 and Neuro-2a cells. Here, we report increased O-GlcNAcylation in non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells and various cells in response to glucose deprivation. Although the level of O-GlcNAc transferase was not changed, it contained less O-GlcNAc and the activity was increased. Also, the activity of O-GlcNAcase was reduced. The studied glycogen containing cells, and we show that its degradation by glucose deprivation provides a source for UDP-GlcNAc required for increased O-GlcNAcylation under this condition. This required active glycogen phosphorylase and resulted in increased glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. Interestingly, glucose deprivation reduced the amount of phosphofructokinase 1, a regulatory glycolytic enzyme, and blocked ATP synthesis. These findings suggest that glycogen is the source for increased O-GlcNAcylation but not for generating ATP in response to glucose deprivation and it may be useful for cancer cells to survive.

O-GlcNAc Biology

Jeong Gu Kang,Sang Yoon Park,Suena Ji,In Sook Jang,Su Jin Park,Hyeon Gyu Seo,Hanbyeol Kim,Eun Ah Kim,Ho Jung Seo,Yang Shin Lee,Jürgen Roth,Jin Won Cho 한국당과학회 2010 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.1

The O-GlcNAc modification is a quite different fro m conventional glycosylation in two aspects. First, it occurs in cytoplasm and nucleus and does not in endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus. Second, this is a single sugar modification and is not a long chain oligosaccharide modification. O-GlcNAc is covalently modified on hydroxyl group of serine and threonine and usually this modification affects or competes with phosphorylation. Thus this modification might modulate many cellular events due to inhibiting or sometimes accelerating phosphorylation. O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase are two important enzymes for modifying proteins with O-GlcNAc. More than 800 proteins have been identified as O-GlcNAcylated proteins. Today I am going to summarize results obtained last 10 years and discuss about future aspects in O-GlcNAc biology.

Changes of Soil Microbe communities in Plastic Film House by Green Manure Crops Cultivation

Won, J G.,Jang, K.S.,Hwang, J.E.,Kwon O.H.,Jeon, S.G.,Park, S G.,Park, K.C.,Suh, Y.J. 한국유기농업학회 2011 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.19 No.S

To improve the soil condition for no-tillage organic pepper cultivation, four different green manure crops were cultivated. Ferlilizer supply was depended on the biomass of the cultivated green manure crops, nitrogen supplies were 314kg in Vicia villosa and 341kg ha-1 in Vicia angustifolia. In the microbial community analyzed by phosph이ipid fatty acid (PLFA) method, soil microbe populations were different among the green manure crops and fungi group was increased at Vicia angustifloia and Vicia villosa. The bi이ogical ratio indexes of fatty acids in the soils, the ratio of Gramnegative to Gram-positive bacterial PLFA and Ratio of aerobes to anaerobes were high at Vicia hirsute and Vicia tetrasperma suggesting the enrich of the aerobic conditions. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids increased at Vicia angustifloia and Vicia villosa suggesting anaerobic conditions. Abundant biomass and uncomposted organic matter, the ratio of fungi to bacteria was increased at Vicia angustifloia and Vicia villosa.

Effect of Rice Bran and Wood Charcoal on 50il Properties and Yield of Continuous Cropping of Red Pepper

Won, J.G.,Jang, K.S.,Hwang, J.E.,Kwon O.H.,Jeon, S.G.,Park, S.G.,Park,K.C.,Suh, Y.J. 한국유기농업학회 2011 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.19 No.S

To improve the soil properties of physical and microbial community rice bran and wood charcoal were applied in the continuously cultivated plastic 꺼1m house soil. Soil physical properties were improved by application of rice bran and charcoal compared to chemical fertilizer application (control) by 8-14% in bulk density and 5-9% in soil porosity. Changes in the biological ratio indexes of fatty acids in the soils were detected depending on the inputted materials. Especially in application of rice bran including mixture with charcoal, much more fungi and less bacteria were detected and the ratio of fungi to bacteria was increased, suggesting the more organic carbon metabolically active in these treatments. The high ratio of aerobe to anaerobe suggested the better aerobic conditions were in the soil inputted wood charcoal. From these results, it is important and possible to select some materials for the organic pepper cultivation, which may improve the poor condition soil.