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Guidelines for the next 10 years of proteomics
Wilkins, Marc R.,Appel, Ron D.,Van Eyk, Jennifer E.,Chung, Maxey C. M.,Gö,rg, Angelika,Hecker, Michael,Huber, Lukas A.,Langen, Hanno,Link, Andrew J.,Paik, Young-Ki,Patterson, Scott D.,Pennington, WILEY-VCH Verlag 2006 Proteomics Vol.6 No.1
<P>In the last ten years, the field of proteomics has expanded at a rapid rate. A range of exciting new technology has been developed and enthusiastically applied to an enormous variety of biological questions. However, the degree of stringency required in proteomic data generation and analysis appears to have been underestimated. As a result, there are likely to be numerous published findings that are of questionable quality, requiring further confirmation and/or validation. This manuscript outlines a number of key issues in proteomic research, including those associated with experimental design, differential display and biomarker discovery, protein identification and analytical incompleteness. In an effort to set a standard that reflects current thinking on the necessary and desirable characteristics of publishable manuscripts in the field, a minimal set of guidelines for proteomics research is then described. These guidelines will serve as a set of criteria which editors of PROTEOMICS will use for assessment of future submissions to the Journal.</P>
Wilkins Aquino,Ibrahim Erdem 국제구조공학회 2007 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.7 No.4
A finite element implementation of the modified compression field theory (MCFT) using a tangential formulation is presented in this work. Previous work reported on implementations of MCFT has concentrated mainly on secant formulations. This work describes details of the implementation of a modular algorithmic structure of a reinforced concrete constitutive model in nonlinear finite element schemes that use a Jacobian matrix in the solution of the nonlinear system of algebraic equations. The implementation was verified and validated using experimental and analytical data reported in the literature. The developed algorithm, which converges accurately and quickly, can be easily implemented in any finite element code.
사만다월킨스 ( Samantha L Wilkins ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2012 法學硏究 Vol.20 No.2
전세계 대부분 국가는 어떤 형태로든 내부자 거래를 금지하거나 규제하는 법률을 보유하고 있다. 미국은 불법 내부자 거래를 금지하는 엄격한 법률을 가지고 있으며, 이러한 법률을 집행하기 위해 최선의 노력을 기울이고 있다. 20년 이상 동안 경영, 법률, 경제 커뮤니티에서 내부자 거래를 합법화해야 하는지에 대한 논쟁이 전개되고 있다. 이 논문은 내부자 거래가 합법화되어야 하는지 여부를 증명하기 위한 논쟁의 양쪽의 요소를 분석하고 있다. 내부자거래를 금지하는 견해는 ``공정성``의 거짓과 순수한 감각에 기초하고 심사숙고하여 거부할 수 있다. 일반 여론과는 반대로, 내부자 거래는 투자자 또는 기업에 실제로 피해를 일으키지 않는다. 사실, 실제로는 여러 가지 방법으로 투자자, 기업과 사회의 이익을 줄 수 있다. 따라서 내부자 거래는 합법화되어야 한다. Most jurisdictions around the world have laws prohibiting or regulating insider trading in some form. The United States has some of the strictest laws prohibiting illegal insider trading, and makes the most serious efforts to enforce these laws. For over 20 years a debate has raged on in the business, legal, economic communities over whether these laws should be changed and insider trading legalized. This article will analyze the arguments on both sides of the debates to show that insider trading should be legalized. The arguments for prohibiting insider trading are based on a false and naive sense of "fairness" and can be rejected after careful consideration. Contrary to public opinion, insider trading causes no real harm to investors of corporations. In fact, it actually benefits investors, corporations and society in several ways. Therefore, insider trading should be legalized.
FEELING ‘PROTECTED’ IN MASS ORGANIZED GROUP TOURS - A South Korean case -
이희정,Hugh Wilkins,Young-Sook Lee 한국관광학회 2011 International Journal of Tourism Sciences Vol.11 No.2
This study provides further understanding of mass organized tourists by identifying the push factors for mass tourism in a Korean context. It is proposed that ‘protection seeking’ tendency and perceived travel risks are two push factors that encourage Korean tourists to choose mass tourism products. This study employed a mixed method approach in which qualitative and quantitative approaches were sequentially conducted across two stages. This study successfully identified the dimension of ‘protection seeking’ and found it plays a significant role in a Korean tourist context. The ‘protection seeking’ tendency increases the likelihood of potential tourists to choose the mass organized tours. However, perceived risks were not found to be directly related to choosing the mass organized tours; perceived risks were significantly related to ‘protection seeking’. This study reveals that a critical reason why Korean tourists choose mass tourism products is because they want a psychological ‘shelter’ and the ability to call for help in case of emergency. This implies that various types of mass organize tours are needed to be designed for the future. This result is particularly of significance for those who desire to make their holiday products more attractive to Korean outbound tourists.
Glucosylation of Salicyl Alcohol by Cell Suspension Cultures of Solanum mammosum
Syahrani, Achmad,Indrayanto, Gunawan,Wilkins, Alistair,Sutarjadi, Sutarjadi The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy 1997 Natural Product Sciences Vol.3 No.1
Cell suspension cultures of Solanum mammosum transformed inoculated salicyl alcohol into salicin $(salicyl\;alcohol\;2-0-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside)$. The highest level of salicin (59.3 mg/flask) in the cells was formed within 3 days after inoculating with salicyl alcohol (50 mg /flask containing 50 ml medium). The glucosylation capability of salicyl alcohol by cell suspension cultures of S. mammosum was relatively higher than that reported previously.
Hennessy, D.W.,Wilkins, J.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.12
Forty-two single-bearing and 42 twin-bearing mature Angus${\times}$Hereford cows were allocated, seven per cell to 3 replications of 2 stocking rates (3.2 cows/ha; medium stocking rate [MSR], and 3.8 cows/ha; high stocking rate [HSR]) to graze summer-active and winter-active pastures from late pregnancy to the weaning of their calves. Cow liveweights and growth of calves were recorded as well as estimates of pasture quantity and forage intake. Pasture quantity did not differ in the paddocks grazed by single- and twin-bearing cows during pregnancy, nor effectively did forage intake. Subsequently, intake was higher during mid-lactation especially with twin-rearing cows (25% higher than single-rearing cows at the MSR; 9% at the HSR). However, quantity of pasture decreased for twin-rearing cows and was less than that available to single-rearing cows as lactation progressed. Liveweights of twinrearing cows decreased by 16% from late pregnancy to weaning at the MSR, and by 14% at the HSR, compared to decreases of 1% for single-rearing cows. Twin calves were lighter at birth, had slower growth rates, and were lighter at weaning than single calves. In spite of weaning smaller calves twinning increased the output (kg of calf weaned) per cow and per ha, and increased the efficiency (kg calf weaned per unit of forage eaten by the cow) over single calf production by 46% at the MSR and by 58% at the HSR. Twinning also increased the marginal returns from investment in high input pastures required by the enterprise.
Karthikeyan D. Ramachandriya,Mark R. Wilkins,Krushna N. Patil 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.6
Gasification-fermentation is a thermo chemicalbiologicalprocess for the production of fuels and chemicals. Producer gas cleanup is a major issue that must beaddressed for integration of these platforms. Pre-adaptationof producer gas fermenting microbes to gas impurities hasimproved tolerances to impurities and production of alcoholsin certain bacteria. In this research, the effect of switchgrassgenerated producer gas was studied with adapted andunadapted cultures of C. ragsdalei and compared tofermentations with a control of clean custom producer gas. Results indicated no inhibition to microbial growth withunadapted cells and final cell mass concentrations were22% higher when cells were exposed to switchgrass-basedproducer gas compared to control. The ethanol productivitywith adapted cells was 1.9 and 2.8 times higher thanunadapted and control treatments, respectively. Similarly,the ethanol yield (YETOH/X) of C. ragsdalei adapted toproducer gas was 119% more than the control and 35%greater than the unadapted cells used in this study. Thepresence of switchgrass-based producer gas also inducedmetabolic shifts resulting in reduction of acetic acid toethanol that increased ethanol to acetate ratios from 0.7 g/gin control to 4.9 g/g with unadapted cells and 13.7 g/g withadapted cells. Isopropanol was also observed as a productwhen switchgrass generated producer gas was used. Weconclude that cultural adaptation of C. ragsdalei to biomassgenerated producer gas during preculture stages could beused as an important strategy to enhance ethanol yields forintegrating gasification and fermentation platforms usingC. ragsdalei.