부산물 석고처리가 마늘(Allium sativum L.) 생육에 미치는 영향 : Allium sativum L.

김충우,사동민 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2002 農業科學硏究 Vol.19 No.-

The effect of phosphogypsum and lime application on the soil pH, exchangeable Ca, Mg and K concentration in acid soil and their effect on plant growth and yield of garlic(Allium sativum L) were investigated at National Danyang Garlic Agricultural Experiment Station, Danyang, Korea. The Phosphogypsum(PG) and lime were applied to soil at the rate of 100kg/10a the soil pH and exchangeable Ca and Mg concentration in subsoil increased due to the application of phosphogypsum when compared to soils of lime and control treatments howerver, K concentration remained unaffected te application of phosphogypsum improved the plant height, leaf length and weight over control the lime application also increased the plant growth and yield slightly over control. Therefore phosphogypsum application could be recommended for acid soils to improve some of the soil chemical properties in order to improve productivity of garlic.

네마틱-스멕틱A 상전이 근처의 네마틱상에서 상관거리 임계지수(??, ??)의 시료 두께 의존성에 관한 광 산란 실험 연구

김두철,임동건,이민규 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1991 基礎科學硏究 Vol.4 No.1

광 산란 실험 기술을 이용하여 세로 및 가로 방향 상관거리(??, ??)의 임계지수(??, ??)의 시료 두께 의존성을 연구하였다. 시료의 두께는 Teflon(또는 Mylar)필름을 이용하여 25-500μm로 제작하였다. 각 시료들의 네마틱-스멕틱A 상전이 근처의 네마틱상에서 산란된 빛의 세기를 온도의 함수로 측정하였다. 측정된 데이터를 분석한 결과 시료의 두께가 증가함에 따라 임계지수의 값은 증가함을 보였으며, 두 값의 이방성(??)은 점차 감소하였다. 그러나 250μm 이상인 시료들에서는 임계지수 값들이 시료 두께에 무관함을 보였으며, 두 임계지수(??, ??)의 값은 오차 범위내에서 같아지며, 그 값도 de Gennes 모델에서 제시한 값(??)과 일치함을 보였다. By utilizing Rayleigh scattering technique, we have studied the sample thickness dependence of the critical exponents(??, ?? )of longitudinal and transverse correlation lengths(??, ??). In this study we have varied the thickness of samples from 12μm to 500μm using Teflon (or Mylar) film. For each sample, measurements of the temperature dependence of scattered light intensity in the nematic phase near nematic to smectic-A phase transition have been made. From analysis of scattering data, it is found that as the thickness of sample increase the values of critical exponents appear to increase and its anisotropy(??) become smaller. But for the samples thicker than 250μm, the values of critical exponents appear to be independent of the thickness and two critical exponents(??) have the same value within errors, which is consistent with de Gennes's models(??).

Zr계 Vitreloy 박막의 특성에 대한 조사

이경민,이병준,김병훈,이의완,박동수 慶北大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 1999 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.23 No.-

We have grown Zr based vitreloy alloy thin films by thermal deposition methode and ion beam sputtering method and compared them with Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be bulk metallic glass bulk. Thermal analysis caused Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be bulk metallic glass to recrystallize in the two region. The onset point temperature of the first region was 414.12℃ and the peak temperature was 410.02℃. The onset point temperature of the second region was 445.21℃ and the peak point temperature was 454.45℃. The X-ray diffraction measurement and thermal analysis as a function of temperature showed that the bulk metallic glass thin films recrystallize in the same temperature region. As a result, Zr based vitreloy alloy was the same as phase transition of bulk metallic glass bulk and bulk metallic glass thin film.

혼합액정(80CB+50CB)의 네마틱-스멕틱 A 상전이 근처의 네마틱상에서 휨 탄성상수(K₃)에 관한 광산란 실험연구

임동건,이민규,변영태,유영훈,김두철 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1990 基礎科學硏究 Vol.3 No.1

액정 8OCB(octyloxycyanobiphenyl)에 액정 5OCB(pentyloxycyanobiphenyl)를 무게비로 혼합하여 혼합액정 (8OCB+5OCB)을 만들었다. 이 혼합액정은 5OCB의 무게비에 따라 McMillan지수 (??)가 감소하였다. 그리고 Rayleigh 광산란 실험방법을 이용하여, 순수 8OCB와 혼합액정의 네마틱-스멕틱 A 상전이 근처의 네마틱상에서 산란된 빛의 세기를 온도와 함수로 측정하였다. 실험데이타 분석결과는 휨(bend) 탄성 상수에 비례하는 세로방향 상관거리(??)는 McMillan 지수에 관계없이 임계지수 ??=0.66±0.03을 갖고 발산하였다. 이 값은 de Gennes의 모델에서 제시된 ??=0.67과 일치함을 알수있다. By utilizing Rayleigh scattering technique, we have measured the temperature dependence of scattered light intensity near nematic to smectic-A phase transition point in the pure 8OCB(octyloxycyanobiphenyl) and its mixtures contaning 5, 10, 15 weight percentage of 5OCB(pentyloxycyanobiphenyl). From analysis of these data. it is found that the longitudinal correlation length (??) diverges with critical exponent ??=0.66±0.03 independent on McMillan parameter (??). This result is consistent with de Gennes model (??).

유기농업에서의 작물의 양분관리

안난희, 신재훈, 옥정훈, 이상민, 김석철, 사동민 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2016 農業科學硏究 Vol.32 No.2

Soil fertility is fundamental in determining the productivity of all farming systems and is most�ﾠ�ﾠ commonly defined in terms of the ability of the soil to supply nutrients to crops. Organic farming systems rely on the management of soil organic matter to enhance the chemical, biological and physical properties of the soil, in order to optimize crop production. Organic agriculture excludes the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers, instead requiring a balance between supply and demand nutrients through the use of organic matter. Nutrient management is one of the main challenges facing organic farming. The short term challenge is supplying sufficient nutrients to crops at the correct point in their development to achieve economically viable yield, while in the long term, the difficulty is to balance nutrient inputs and runoffs to avoid nutrient rundown or environmental pollution. This paper reviews information from the literature to investigate strategies of managing nutrients by supplying organic matter in organic agriculture during the major phases of crop growth.

흰 민들레 추출물의 항산화능 및 항균활성

박명수, 라만, 임우종, 김기윤, 우성만, 이선미, 사동민 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2011 農業科學硏究 Vol.27 No.4

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NGS 데이터를 기반으로 한 PGPR의 기능에 대한 분자생물학적 접근

황보경, 박상익, 김기윤, 사동민, 이이 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2017 農業科學硏究 Vol.33 No.1

There are numerous nutrients, including essential elements, in the soil. Nevertheless, most of the nutrients that exist in the soil are not suitable for the growth of plants. Therefore, in agriculture, chemical fertilizers have been widely used for the increasing of crop production from long time ago. As a result, soil nutrient has been over accumulated, environment was polluted and pathogens gained resistance. As a solution about these problems, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could be used for the promotion of plant growth instead of chemicals. Recently, numerous studies on microbial plant growth promoting (PGP) characters were conducted based on molecular biology like genome sequencing by next generation sequencing (NGS) technique. In this review, we discuss PGP characters about nitrogen fixation, solubilizing/mineralizing phosphorus, production of siderophore, degradation of ethylene and biosynthesis of IAA and cytokinin at gene level and predict the essential set of genes for the PGPR function.

IL-β의 인슐린 분비 자극효과와 그 과정에 관여하는 인자들

정인경,오승훈,강동묵,정재훈,민용기,이명식,이문규,김광원 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.4

연구배경: IL­1β는 용량과 노출시간에 따라 인슐린분비에 대해 상반되는 효과를 가지고 있다. IL­1β의 인슐린 분비 억제효과는 제1혁명 당뇨병의 자가면역 기전과 관련되어 잘 알려져 있으나 인슐린 자극효과에 대해서는 아직 명백히 밝혀지지 않았다. 이에 저자 등은 IL­1β의 다양한 농도에 따라 백서의 췌도세포에서 인슐린 분비에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 그 기전으로 인슐린 생합성, iNOS의 발현, 칼슘통로의 활성도 변화여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법:200∼300g인 수컷 Sprague­Dawley 백서의 췌도를 변형된 Lacy&Kostianovsky's 방법으로 분리한 후 IL­1β의 다양한 농도(0, 0.5, 5, 50, 500pmol/L)에 2, 6, 24시간 노출시켜 췌도세포의 형태, 생존능을 관찰하고 인슐린 분비능 및 췌도세포내 인슐린 함량을 측정하였으며, 전전구 인슐린 mRNA발현, iNOS mRNA발현을 RT­PCR을 통해 확인하였고, 세포의 칼슘 통로 활성도 변화 여부를 측정하였다. 결과:1) IL­1β에 노출되 췌도의 생존능:2시간 노출시는 대조군과 차이가 없었으나, 6시간 고농도군과 24시간 모든 군에서 생존능이 감소되었다. 2)인슐린 분비능은 IL­1β를 2시간 5poml/L이상의 고농도와 6시간 0.5pmol/L 저농도 처리시 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가하였으나, 6시간과 24시간 5poml/L이상의 고농도에서는 의미있게 인슐린의 분비가 억제 되었다. 3)췌도내 인슐린양의 변화는 IL­1β의 시간과 농도에 따라 배지내의 인슐린 변화와 비슷한 경향을 보였으나 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었다. 4)전전구인슐린의 mRNA발현은 2시간 50pmol/L이상 고농도의 IL­1β에서 의미있게 증가하였고, 6시간 처리군에서는 의미있는 차이는 없었으나, 24시간에서 IL­1β의 용량의존적으로 억제되었다. 5)iNOS mRNA는 IL­1β 처리 후 2시간부터 발현되기 시작하여, 6시간에 최고에 달한 후 24시간에는 점차 감소하였다. IL­1β의 처리시간과 무관하게 5poml/L이상의 고농도에서 용량에 따라 발현이 증가하였다. 6)칼슘통로 활성도는 IL­1β의 농도나 시간에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: IL­1β는 단시간 고용량이나 장기간 저용량에서 인슐린 분비와 생합성을 증가시키며, 이런 효과는 iNOS나 칼슘 통로 활성도 변화와는 무관한 것으로 생각된다. Background : The inhibitory effort of IL-1β on the insulin secretion has been validated in pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, but complex results about the stimulatory effect of IL-1β have been reported. The aims of this study are to clarify the effects of IL-1βon insulin secretion of pancreatic islets and to investigate the mechanisms in terms of preproinsulin synthesis, inducible NOS expression, and calcium channel activity. Method : Islets were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat by modified Lacy-Kostianovsky's method. After islets were treated with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 5, 50, 500 pmol/L) and exposure time (2, 6, 24 hours) of IL-1β, morphology, viability, static stimulation of insulin to glucose, insulin content, preproinsulin mRNA expression, iNOS mRNA expression and calcium channel activity were measured. Results : 1) Viability o islets was reduced in high concentrations of long term exposure of IL-1β. 2) Insulin secretion was stimulated in islets treated with 5, 50, and 500 pmol/L of IL-1β for 2 hours. 3) Insulin content was not significantly different regardless of concentration and exposure time of IL-1β. 4) Preproinsulin mRNA expression increased in islets treated with 50, 500 pmol/L of IL-1β for 2 hours. After 24 hours, it decreased in dose dependent manner. 5) iNOS mRNA expression was detectable after 2 hours in the presence of IL-1β, peaks at 6 hour and decreased after 24 hours. It was increased above 5 pmol/L of IL-1β in dose dependent manner. 6) Activities of the voltage-dependent Ca^2+ channels were not different among groups. Conclusion : IL-1β plays a positive role in terms of insulin secretion and insulin synthesis in high concentration of short term or low concentration of long term. These effects of IL-1β might be neither dependent of iNOS pathway nor Ca^2+ channel activity (J Kor Diabetes Asso 431~443, 2000).

On the Ensuring Safety and Reliability through the Application of ISO/PAS 21448 Analysis and STPA Methodology to Autonomous Vehicle

Kim, Min Joong,Choi, Kyoung Lak,Kim, Joo Uk,Kim, Tong Hyun,Kim, Young Min The Institute of Internet 2021 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.13 No.3

Recently, the use of electric and electronic control systems is increasing in the automobile industry. This increase in the electric and electronic control system greatly increases the complexity of designing a vehicle, which leads to an increase in the malfunction of the system, and a safety problem due to the malfunction is becoming an issue. Based on IEC 61508 relating to the functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronics, the ISO 26262 standard specific to the automotive sector was first established in 2011, and a revision was published in 2018. Malfunctions due to system failure are covered by ISO 26262, but ISO/PAS 21448 is proposed to deal with unintended malfunctions caused by changes in the surrounding environment. ISO 26262 sets out safety-related requirements for the entire life cycle. Functional safety analysis includes FTA (Fault Tree Analysis), FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), and HAZOP (Hazard and Operability). These analysis have limitations in dealing with failures or errors caused by complex interrelationships because it is assumed that a failure or error affecting the risk occurs by a specific component. In order to overcome this limitation, it is necessary to apply the STPA (System Theoretic Process Analysis) technique.

Physician-Directed Diabetes Education without a Medication Change and Associated Patient Outcomes

Kim, Hun-Sung,Kim, Hyunah,Yang, Hae-Kyung,Lee, Eun Young,Jeong, Yoo Jin,Kim, Tong Min,Yang, So Jung,Baik, Seo Yeon,Lee, Seung-Hwan,Cho, Jae Hyoung,Choi, In Young,Yim, Hyeon Woo,Cha, Bong-Yun Korean Diabetes Association 2017 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.41 No.3

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>When patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are first referred to a hospital from primary health care clinics, physicians have to decide whether to administer an oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) immediately or postpone a medication change in favor of diabetes education regarding diet or exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of diabetes education alone (without alterations in diabetes medication) on blood glucose levels.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The study was conducted between January 2009 and December 2013 and included patients with DM. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were evaluated at the first visit and after 3 months. During the first medical examination, a designated doctor also conducted a diabetes education session that mainly covered dietary management.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Patients were divided into those who received no diabetic medications (<I>n</I>=66) and those who received an OHA (<I>n</I>=124). Education resulted in a marked decrease in HbA1c levels in the OHA group among patients who had DM for <1 year (from 7.0%±1.3% to 6.6%±0.9%, <I>P</I>=0.0092) and for 1 to 5 years (from 7.5%±1.8% to 6.9%±1.1%, <I>P</I>=0.0091). Those with DM >10 years showed a slightly lower HbA1c target achievement rate of <6.5% (odds ratio, 0.089; <I>P</I>=0.0024).</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>For patients who had DM for more than 5 years, higher doses or changes in medication were more effective than intensive active education. Therefore, individualized and customized education are needed for these patients. For patients with a shorter duration of DM, it may be more effective to provide initial intensive education for diabetes before prescribing medicines, such as OHAs.</P>