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사동민,Sa, Tongmin,Chauhan, Puneet Singh 한국토양비료학회 2009 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.42 No.S2
생물비료는 아직도 한국에서는 생소한 용어다. 한국에서 생물비료라 함은 식물추출액, 퇴비류-다양한 형태의 미생물 혼합제 등으로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 최근에는 식물영양요소의 흡수나 이용도를 증진시키는 토양미생물 사용으로 언급하기도 한다. 본 개관은 식물성장을 증진시키는 것으로 알려진 PGPR 서로 다른 기작과 실질적 역할에 대하여 검토하였다. The sustainability of conventional agriculture which is characterized by input dependent and ecologically simplified food production system is vague. Chemicals and present practices used in agriculture are not only costly but also have widespread implications on human and animal health, food quality and safety and environmental quality. Thus there is a need for alternative farming practices to sustain food production for the escalating population and conserve environment for future generations. The present research scenario in the area of plant microbe interactions for maintaining sustainable agriculture suggests that the level of internal regulation in agro-ecosystems is largely dependent on the level of plant and microbial diversity present in the soil. In agro-ecosystems, biodiversity performs a variety of ecological services beyond the production of food, including recycling of nutrients, regulation of microclimate and local hydrological processes, suppression of undesirable organisms and detoxification of noxious chemicals. Controlling the soil microflora to enhance the predominance of beneficial and effective microorganisms can help improve and maintain soil chemical and physical properties. The role of beneficial soil microorganisms in sustainable productivity has been well construed. Some plant bacteria referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can contribute to improve plant growth, nutrient uptake and microbial diversity when inoculated to plants. Term PGPR was initially used to describe strains of naturally occurring non-symbiotic soil bacteria have the ability to colonize plant roots and stimulate plant growth PGPR activity has been reported in strains belonging to several other genera, such as Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Arthrobacter Bacillus, Burkhokderia, Methylobacterium, and Pseudomonas etc. PGPR stimulate plant growth directly either by synthesizing hormones such as indole acetic acid or by promoting nutrition, for example, by phosphate solubilization or more generally by accelerating mineralization processes. They can also stimulate growth indirectly, acting as biocontrol agents by protecting the plant against soil borne fungal pathogens or deleterious bacteria. Present review focuses on some recent developments to evolve strategies for better biotechnological exploitation of PGPR's.
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인산공급이 대두근류의 인산형태와 bacteroid 의 인산흡수에 미치는 영향
사동민,Israel, Daniel W 한국농화학회 1991 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.34 No.2
Soybean plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum MN 110 were supplied with nutrient solutions containing 1.0, 0.25 and 0.05 mM-P to characterize the effect of external-P supply on the phosphorus status of nodules and on the P-uptake system of isolated bacteroids from nodules. After 48 days of growth, whole plant dry mass in the 0.25 and 0.05 mM-P treatments decreased significantly. The Pi concentrations in nodules were 4.1, 2.5 and 2.0 mM for 1.0, 0.25 and 0.05 mM-P treatments, respectively. The external-P supply did not significantly affect the distribution of phosphorus among inorganic phosphate(Pi), soluble organicphosphorus(SOP) and insoluble organic-phosphorus(IOP) fractions in nodules. The Pi concentrations in young leaves of 0.25 and 0.05 mM-P plants were 33% and 20%, respectively, of those in young leaves of 1.0 mM-P plants and Pi concentrations in old leaves were only 16% and 7%, respectively, of those in old leaves of 7.0 mM-P plants. Phosphorus deficiency decreased the percentage of total leaf phosphorus in the Pi fraction and increased the percentage of total leaf phosphorus in the IOP fraction. The bacteroid number ranged from 0.87 to 1.30×10^(11) per GFW nodule regardless of external-F supply to the host plants and plant age. The P-uptake rates were the same (15-16 pmoles /min./l0^8 bacteroids) for the bacteroids isolated from nodules of 1.0 mM-P and 0.05 mM-P plants. These results indicate that Pi concentrations in nodules of phosphorus-deficient plants are sufficient for proliferation of bacteroids and that the P-uptake system of bacteroids is in a repressed state even when host plant growth is severely restricted by phosphorus-deficiency stress.
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카드뮴 및 청국장 첨가식이가 흰쥐의 생육과 체내 카드뮴 분포에 미치는 영향
주현규,강경원,사동민 선문대학교·중소기업기술지원연구소 1998 선문공대 연구/기술 논문집 Vol.3 No.1
This study was performed to investigate the effect of Chungkuk Jang added-diets on reducing cadmium toxiclt in rats (Sprague-Dalvley, ♂, 125 58±4.04g) used as experimental groups. There are six experimental groups, a normal group(Tn), a cadmium treatment group(control group Tc), four cadmium and Chungkuk Jang (0.25%, 0 50%, 1 00%, and 1 50%; T_1 T_2, T_3, and T_4) treatment groups which received different dietary feeding for 8 weeks each The results are as follows. 1 The amount of food intake at Chungkuk Jang mixed group(T_1, -T_2) was 3 5% greater than at the Tc group For the group fed Chungkuk Jang the average of weight gain was 4.42g/day, which showed higher value(2.79%) than the Tc(4 30g/day) group. The food efficency rate of intake Chungkuk Jang group (5.02) was a little higher without significance than that of the Tn(4 91) and Tc(4 99) groups. 2. The amount of water intake was the highest in the Tn(32.44?/day) group and 30.14% greater than that of the Tc(21.66?/day) group. For the water intake (T_3) among Chungkuk Jang added-diet groups showed the highest value(22.78?/day) relatively Cadmium intake of each group was in the range of 1.94 to 2.27 ppm and the T_3 group showed the highest cadmium intake. For the growth rate the Tc group was 7.62% lower than Tn group but the Chungkuk jang fed group resulted in a reduced fashion-about 3% in the growth process against the Tn group 3 There was no significant weight gain or loss of the organ and bone of rats among the experimental groups but in the case of liver and kidney the T_3 (8.59%. 12 36%) was higher than the Tc group 4 Cadmium accumulation was high to low in order of liver > kidney > spleen > heart > lung > testicle > brain > femoral muscle > femur >(T_1, T_2, T_3, and T_4). tibia > blood. The 70% accumulation rate was showed in liver (33 2%), kidney (31.25) and spleen (6 1%). The contents of cadmium in tissue and body-hair in the Chungkuk Jang intake groups(T_1, T_2, T_3, and T_4) were lower than in the Tc group. The chungkuk Jang added-diet groups (T_3, and T_4) showed low levels of cadmium accumulation
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사동민,박병순 선문대학교 ·중소기업기술지원연구소 1996 선문공대 연구/기술 논문집 Vol.1 No.1
고추의 품질향상과 품질평가척도 등을 제시하는 효율적인 건조조건을 규명하기 위하여 건조온도(40, 50, 70, 90℃)와 건조시간(12, 24, 36, 48시간)을 달리하여 고추를 건조한 다음, 건조조건별로 고추의 수분함량 및 색도의 변화를 조사하였다. 고추품질면에서 최적수분함량(11.85~11.05%)을 고려할때 50℃에서 36시간 또는 48시간 건조하는 것이 양호한 것으로 나타났으며 태양건조와 열풍건조를 비교한 결과 열풍으로 50℃에서 48시간 건조하는 것이 고추의 색도가 가장 양호하였다. 고추 색도 특성은 hexane 추출물에서 284nm와 carotenoids(430-474nm)의 전형적인 흡광도 값의 비가 2.5-3.4범위에 있는 것이 가장 좋았으며, 이것은 육안판정에서도 확인되었다. The moisture contents and colors of red pepper were analyzed to observe the changes of the qualities of red pepper with various drying conditions. The moisture content was 11.8%, known as optimal condition for storing red pepper, when dried at 50℃ for 36 and 48 hours. The color of air-dried red pepper at 50℃ for 48 hours was estimated to be the most excellent in comparison of sun drying and air drying. The optimal absorbances of hexane extract from red pepper were examined. The ratios between the absorbances at 280nm and at the typical wavelengths of carotenoids(430 nm, 450 nm, 474 nm) were from 2.5 to 3.4 and these were also confirmed by the sight of the eye.
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대기 CO2 상승시 인산공급이 식물체의 광합성 및 질소고정에 미치는 영향
사동민 ( Tongmin Sa ) 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.40 No.2
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of phosphorus deficiency on nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis of nitrogen fixing soybean plant under CO₂ enrichment condition. The soybean plants(Glycine max [L.] Merr.) inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum MN 110 were grown with P-stressed(0.05 mM-P) and control(1 mM-P) treatment under control(400 ㎕/L CO₂) and enrichment(800 ㎕/L CO₂) enviromental condition in the phytotron equipped with high density lamp(1000 μEm ^(-2)S^(-1)) and 28/22℃ temperature cycle for 35 days after transplanting(DAT). At 35 DAT, phosphorus deficiency decreased total dry mass by 64% in CO₂ enrichment condition, and 51% in control CO₂ condition. Total leaf area was reduced significantly by phosphorus deficiency in control and enriched COL condition but specific leaf weight was increased by P deficiency. Phosphorus deficiency significantly reduced photosynthetic rate(carbon exchange rate) and internal CO₂ concentration in leaf in both CO₂ treatments, but the degree of stress was more severe under CO₂ enrichment condition than under control CO₂ environmental condition. In phosphorus sufficient plants, CO₂ enrichment increased nodule fresh weight and total nitrogenase activity(acetylene reduction) of nodule by 30% and 41% respectively, but specific nitrogenase activity of nodule and nodule fresh weight was not affected by CO₂ enrichment in phosphorus deficient plant at 35 DAT. Total nitrogen concentrations in stem, root and nodule tissue were significantly higher in phosphorus sufficient plant grown under CO₂ enrichment, but nitrogen concentration in leaf was reduced by 30% under CO₂ enrichment. These results indicate that increasing CO₂ concentration does not affect plant growth under phosphorus deficient condition and phosphorus stress might inhibit carbohydrate utilization in whole plant and that CO₂ enrichment could not increase nodule formation and functioning under phosphorus deficient conditions and phosphorus has more important roles in nodule growth and functioning under CO₂ enrichment environments than under ambient condition.
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