DROWSY BEHAVIOR DETECTION BASED ON DRIVING INFORMATION

M. S. WANG,N. T. JEONG,K. S. KIM,S. B. CHOI,S. M. YANG,S. H. YOU,J. H. LEE,서명원 한국자동차공학회 2016 International journal of automotive technology Vol.17 No.1

Drowsy behavior is more likely to occur in sleep-deprived drivers. Individuals’ drowsy behavior detection technology should be developed to prevent drowsiness related crashes. Driving information such as acceleration, steering angle and velocity, and physiological signals of drivers such as electroencephalogram (EEG), and eye tracking are adopted in present drowsy behavior detection technologies. However, it is difficult to measure physiological signal, and eye tracking requires complex experiment equipment. As a result, driving information is adopted for drowsy driving detection. In order to achieve this purpose, driving experiment is performed for obtaining driving information through driving simulator. Moreover, this paper investigates effects of using different input parameter combinations, which is consisted of lateral acceleration, longitudinal acceleration, and steering angles with different time window sizes (i.e. 4 s, 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, 60 s), on drowsy driving detection using random forest algorithm. 20 s-size datasets using parameter combination of accelerations in lateral and longitudinal directions, compared to the other combination cases of driving information such as steering angles combined with lateral and longitudinal acceleration, steering angles only, longitudinal acceleration only, and lateral acceleration only, is considered the most effective information for drivers’ drowsy behavior detection. Moreover, comparing to ANN algorithm, RF algorithm performs better on processing complex input data for drowsy behavior detection. The results, which reveal high accuracy 84.8 % on drowsy driving behavior detection, can be applied on condition of operating real vehicles.

Characterization of T-DNA insertion mutants with decreased virulence in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana JEF-007

Kim, S.,Lee, S. J.,Nai, Y. S.,Yu, J. S.,Lee, M. R.,Yang, Y. T.,Kim, J. S. Springer International 2016 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. No.

<P>The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, is a major agricultural pest that reduces crop quality and value. Chemical pesticides have contributed to pest management, but resistance to these chemicals has significantly limited their use. Alternative strategies with different modes of action, such as entomopathogenic fungi, are therefore of great interest. Herein, we explored how entomopathogenic fungi can potentially be used to control the bean bug and focused on identifying virulence-related genes. Beauveria bassiana (JEF isolates) were assayed against bean bugs under laboratory conditions. One isolate, JEF-007, showed > 80 % virulence by both spray and contact exposure methods. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (AtMT) of JEF-007 generated 249 random transformants, two of which (B1-06 and C1-49) showed significantly reduced virulence against Tenebrio molitor and R. pedestris immatures. Both species were used for rapid screening of virulence-reduced mutants. The two transformants had different morphologies, conidial production, and thermotolerance than the wild type. To determine the localization of the randomly inserted T-DNA, thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL) PCR was conducted and analysis of the two clones found multiple T-DNA insertions (two in B1-06 and three in C1-49). Genes encoding complex I intermediate-associated protein 30 (CIA30) and the autophagy protein (Atg22) were possibly disrupted by the T-DNA insertion and might be involved in the virulence. This work provides a strong platform for future functional genetic studies of bean bug-pathogenic B. bassiana. The genes putatively involved in fungal virulence should be experimentally validated by knockdown in future studies.</P>

Comparison of Single and Blend Acidifiers as Alternative to Antibiotics on Growth Performance, Fecal Microflora, and Humoral Immunity in Weaned Piglets

Ahmed, S.T.,Hwang, J.A.,Hoon, J.,Mun, H.S.,Yang, C.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.1

The banning of the use of antibiotics as feed additive has accelerated investigations of alternative feed additives in animal production. This experiment investigated the effect of pure citric acid or acidifier blend supplementation as substitute for antibiotic growth promoters on growth performance, fecal microbial count, and humoral immunity in weaned piglets challenged with Salmonella enterica serover Typhimurium and Escherichia coli KCTC 2571. A total of 60 newly weaned piglets (crossbred, 28-d-old; average 8 kg initial weight) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments included NC (negative control; basal diet), PC (positive control; basal diet+0.002% apramycin), T1 (basal diet+0.5% pure citric acid), and T2 (basal diet+0.4% acidifier blend). All piglets were orally challenged with 5 mL of culture fluid containing $2.3{\times}10^8$ cfu/mL of E. coli KCTC 2571 and $5.9{\times}10^8$ cfu/mL of S. typhimurium at the beginning of the experiment. The PC group showed the highest ADG and ADFI, whereas gain:feed was improved in the PC and T1 group (p<0.05). All dietary treatments showed significant reduction in fecal counts of Salmonella and E. coli, compared to NC (p<0.05), with PC being better than T1 and T2. Significant elevation in fecal Lactobacillus spp. counts was shown by treatments with T1, T2, and PC, whereas Bacillus spp. counts were increased by treatment with T1 and T2 compared to NC and PC diet (p<0.05). Serum IgG concentration was increased by T1 diet (p<0.05), whereas IgM and IgA were not significantly affected by any of the dietary treatments (p>0.05). From these above results, it can be concluded that, as alternatives to antibiotics dietary acidification with pure citric acid or acidifiers blend did not fully ameliorate the negative effects of microbial challenges in respect of growth performance and microbial environment, however improved immunity suggested further research with different dose levels.

Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in La_0.7Ca_0.3-xNa_xMnO₃ exhibiting first-order and second-order magnetic phase transitions

Ho, T.A.,Dang, N.T.,Phan, T.L.,Yang, D.S.,Lee, B.W.,Yu, S.C. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.676 No.-

Polycrystalline orthorhombic samples La<SUB>0.7</SUB>Ca<SUB>0.3-x</SUB>Na<SUB>x</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB> (x = 0-0.09) were prepared by solid-state reaction. The study of magnetic properties revealed that the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic (FM-PM) transition temperature (T<SUB>C</SUB>) increases from 255 to about 271 K with increasing Na-doping content (x) from 0 to 0.09, respectively. Around the T<SUB>C</SUB>, we have found the samples showing a large magnetocaloric (MC) effect with maximum values of magnetic entropy change (|ΔS<SUB>max</SUB>|) of 7-8 J kg<SUP>-1</SUP> K<SUP>-1</SUP> and relative cooling power RCP = 232-236 J/kg for the samples x = 0.03-0.09 in a magnetic-field interval ΔH = 40 kOe. Detailed analyses of isothermal magnetization data M(T, H) based on Banerjee's criteria indicated a first-to-second-order magnetic-phase transformation taking place at a threshold Na-doping concentration x<SUB>c</SUB> ~ 0.06. This could also be observed clearly from the feature of entropy universal curves. An assessment of the magnetic-ordering exponent N = dLn|ΔS<SUB>m</SUB>|/dLnH demonstrates an existence of short-range magnetic order in the samples. We believe that the changes of the magnetic properties and MC effect in La<SUB>0.7</SUB>Ca<SUB>0.3-x</SUB>Na<SUB>x</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB> caused by Na doping are related to the changes in the structural parameters and Mn<SUP>4+</SUP>/Mn<SUP>3+</SUP> ratio, which are confirmed by the geometrical and electronic analyses based on X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure.

Effects of Resveratrol and Essential Oils on Growth Performance, Immunity, Digestibility and Fecal Microbial Shedding in Challenged Piglets

Ahmed, S.T.,Hossain, M.E.,Kim, G.M.,Hwang, J.A.,Ji, H.,Yang, C.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.5

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of resveratrol and essential oils from medicinal plants on the growth performance, immunity, digestibility, and fecal microbial shedding of weaned piglets. A total of 48 weaned piglets (8 kg initial weight, 28-d-old) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with 3 replications of 4 piglets each. The dietary treatments were NC (negative control; basal diet), PC (positive control; basal diet+0.002% apramycin), T1 (basal diet+0.2% resveratrol), and T2 (basal diet+0.0125% essential oil blend). All piglets were orally challenged with 5 ml culture fluid containing $2.3{\times}10^8$ cfu/ml of Escherichia coli KCTC 2571 and $5.9{\times}10^8$ cfu/ml Salmonella enterica serover Typhimurium. The PC group (p<0.05) showed the highest average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experimental period, although feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in the T1 group (p>0.05). Serum IgG level was increased in the T1 group, whereas TNF-${\alpha}$ levels was reduced in the supplemented groups compared to control (p<0.05). The PC diet improved the dry matter (DM) digestibility, whereas PC and T2 diets improved nitrogen (N) digestibility compared to NC and T1 diets (p<0.05). Fecal Salmonella and E. coli counts were reduced in all treatment groups compared to control (p<0.05). Fecal Lactobacillus spp. count was increased in the T2 group compared to others (p<0.05). Dietary treatments had no significant effect on fecal Bacillus spp. count throughout the entire experimental period. Based on these results, resveratrol showed strong potential as antibiotic alternatives for reversing the adverse effects of weaning stress on growth performance, immunity and microbial environment in E. coli and Salmonella-challenged piglets.

돈 분뇨 액비에 미생물 첨가가 배추의 발아지수에 미치는 영향

김태일,유용희,정의수,양창범,김민균,Kim, T. I.,Yoo, Y. H.,Chung, E. S.,Barroga, Antonio J.,Yang, C. B.,Kim, M. K. 한국축산환경학회 2005 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구는 돈 분뇨 액비에 미생물 첨가가 배추의 발아지수에 미치는 효과를 구명하기 위해서 수행하였다. 돈 분뇨 액비는 107일 동안 폭기와 무폭기 상태로 액상비료를 제조하여 공시하였고 미생물 첨가는 $0.05\%,\;0.1\%,\;0.2\%,\;0.3\%$ 수준으로 하였다. $0.05\%$ 미생물 접종 처리구에서 식물 독성이 낮고 발아지수가 높게 나타났다. 첨가수준별 돈분 액비 이용시험에서 초기 돈 슬러리의 액비성상은 T-N 2,873 ppm, T-P 753 ppm, $NH_4-N$ 1,441.6 ppm, $NO_3-N$ 16.48ppm으로 50일이 되면서 폭기조건에서 T-N 3,672 ppm, T-P 164 ppm, $NH_4-N$ 183.87 ppm, $NO_3-N$ 21.97 ppm로 변화하였으며, 무폭기 조건에서 T-N 1,261 ppm, T-P 68 ppm, $NH_4-N$ 161 ppm, $NO_3-N$ 16.87 ppm로 나타났다. 미생물을 처리하지 않고 107일동안 폭기조건과 무폭기 조건으로 액비화한 시료의 발아지수는 각각 83과 40.4이였다. 돈 분뇨 액비를 무산소 제조시 $40\%$ 이상, 호기제조시 $50\%$ 이상의 발아지수가 개선되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 액비제조 처리가 무산소 제조보다는 호기제조 처리가 작물에 양호한 것으로 판단되어지며 이는 호기처리시 총질소의 함량을 높게 유지할 수 있도록 하는 결과인 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Synechocystis sp. KACC 91007 when added to a pig slurry or pig liquid fertilizer (PLF) on germination index (GI) of Chinese cabbage. The preliminary experiment involved the screening of inoculant levels which were; 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and $0.3\%$, respectively. The $0.05\%$ level of inoculant was selected based on low phytotoxicity and high GI.. The PLF underwent a 107 day aerobic and anoxic processing conditions. The T-N, T-P, $NH_4$, and $NO_3-N$ concentrations of the untreated pig slurry were; 2,873, 753, 1,441.6, and 16.48 ppm, respectively. Using aerobic processing treatment, the fertilizer value of the PLF was 3,672, 164, 183.87, and 21.97 ppm, respectively. In contrast, the fertilizer value of the PLF processed under anoxic condition was reduced to 1,261, 68, 161, and 16.87 ppm. The GI value of the untreated PLF under aerobic and anoxic processing condition was 83 and $40.4^{*}\%$, respectively. With the addition of the $0.05\%$ microbial inoculant, the GI improved by more than 40 and $50\%$ respectively, when the PLF was processed under anoxic and aerobic conditions. The above findings proved that the aerobic processing of PLF for 107 days was better than anoxic and yielded higher T-N which is a macro-nutrient fertilizer material. Consequently, the addition of $0.05\%$ microbial inoculant resulted to a higher GI of the Chinese cabbage specifically under aerobic processing condition.

사료급여방법이 제주재래마의 체성장 및 도체품질에 미치는 영향

오운용(W . Y . Oh),강태홍(T . H . Kang),김동철(D . C . Kim),진신흠(S . H . Jin),홍성귀(S . K . Hong),양승주(S . J . Yang),정재홍(J . H . Jung) 한국축산학회 1993 한국축산학회지 Vol.35 No.6

Nine Cheju Native Horses with an average weight of 169.2㎏ were used in a 238-d (34-wk) fattening trial designed to evaluate the effects of feeding method on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Horses were randomly alloted to three treatment groups: T₁ 6-wk (Former fattening period: FFP) + 28-wk (Latter fattening period: LFP), T₂, 9-wk (FFP) + 25-wk (LFP), T₃, 12-wk (FFP) + 22-wk (LFP). During the FFP, concentrate was restricted at approximately l.5% of their body weights but horses were allowed ad libitum access to concentrate during the subsequent LFP. The horses were individually penned in 2.5-m×3-m pipe stalls with front feeding gates. They were allowed 3 h of exercise in a pen (50-m×30-m) outside the barn monthly. Horses were weighed at 30-d intervals and feed consumption was measured daily. At the end of the 238-d fattening period, one horse in each treatment was selected randomly and slaughtered for meat quality evaluation. Results obtained from the present study were summarized as follows; during the overall fattening period, average daily gains (ADG) and nutrient intake (TDN) per ㎏ wt, gain were 0.59, 5.10(T₁), 0.51, 5.84(T₂) and 0.43, 6.37㎏(T₂), respectively. When horses were allowed ad libitum access to concentrate for 28 wk(T₁), ADG and feed efficiency(TDN) were improved by 37%(P$gt;.05) and20%(P$gt;.05)compared to those allowed concentrate free choice for 22 wk(T₃). Horse in T, group had an improved dressing percentage and carcass weight with good quality grades(intramuscular fat, meat color, fat color). Taste panelists(150 amateures) detected no difference from longissimus lumborum steaks between Cheju Native Horse and improved Cheju Native Cattle, but found juiciness and meat flavor were superior to those of beef.

Electrical characteristics of nano-crystal Si particles for nano-floating gate memory

Yang, J.S.,Kim, S.-I.,Kim, Y.T.,Cho, W.J.,Park, J.H. Elsevier 2008 Microelectronics Journal Vol.39 No.12

In these days, the researches of non-volatile memory device using nano-crystal(NC)-Si are actively progressing to replace flash memory devices. Many kinds of non-volatile memory devices such as phase-change(P)-RAM, resistance(Re)-RAM, polymer(Po)-RAM, and nano-floating gate memory(NFGM) are being studied. In this work, we study NFGM device in which information is memorized by storing electrons in silicon nanocrystal. The NFGM device has shown great promise for ultra-dense high-endurance memory device for low-power applications [S. Tiwari, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 68 (1996) 1377], and it is able to fabricate 1T-type device. Thus, the NFGM is considered to replace existing flash memory device. Non-volatile memory device has been fabricated by using NC-Si particles. The NC-Si particles have broad size range of 1-5nm and an average size of 2.7nm, which are sufficiently small to indicate the quantum effect for silicon. The memory window has been analyzed by C-V characteristic of NC-Si particles. V<SUB>d</SUB>-I<SUB>d</SUB> and V<SUB>g</SUB>-I<SUB>d</SUB> characteristics of the fabricated device have also been measured.

t-SNE 기법을 적용한 지중송전케이블 시스템 PD Pulse 분석

정연하(JUNG Y.H.),장태인(JANG T.I.),최민희(CHOI M.H.),이의찬(LEE E.C.),권대혁(Kwon D.H),양희석(YANG H.S),고재홍(GO J.H.),차상국(CHA S.K),황광모(HWANG G.M.),김숙주(KIM S.J.) 대한전기학회 2020 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.7

재래 흑돼지와 중국 재래돈간의 Melanocortin Receptor 1(MC1R) 유전자의 유전자형 분석

이성수,양보석,정진관,고서봉,오성종,양영훈,김규일,이찬동,풍서당 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.1

PCR-RFLP analysis of Melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) gene was carried out to investigate the genotype distribution in Korean-Native and Chinese-Native pig breeds(Neijiang, Putian, Wannanhua and Jinhua). Allelic variants of MC1R in pigs were analyzed by digestion of BspH I , AccII and Hha I . Ncijiang. Wannanhua and Jinhua had only MC1R*2 allele which is considered to be typical genotype for Meishan and Large Black. Among 20 Korean-Native Pigs and 5 Putian pigs, 10 and 2 heads had the MC1R*3 allele (*2/3 or 3/3), respectively, which was detected in European pig breeds such as Hampshire, Large White, and Pietrain. The remaining animals possessed the genotype MC1R*2/2, probably reflecting the genetic introgression of MC1R*3 allele into Korean-Native and Putian pig breeds by the crossbreeding for improvement. The alleles MC1R*l and MC1R*4, which are considered to be typical allele for European Wild Boar with wild-type coat color and Duroc with red coat color, respectively, were not detected in pig breeds used in this experiment. These results indicate that the analysis of genotype frequencies of MC1R gene may be a useful tool for the conservation of Korean-Native and Chinese-Native pig breeds.