2,5-Hexanedione induces apoptosis via a mitochondriamediated pathway in PC12 cells

Yuan Qi,Shuang-yue Li,Feng-yuan Piao,Zhe-min Wang,Ruo-lin Chen,Shuang Liu,Jing-shun Shen 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2015 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.11 No.1

2,5-Hexanedione (HD) is the main active metabolite of n-hexane and mediates the neurotoxicity of the parent compound. Studies suggested that apoptosis involved in HD neurotoxicity. However, the mechanism of HD-induced neuronal apoptosis remains unknown. To explore its underlying mechanism, we treated PC12 cells with 5, 10 and 20 mM HD for 24 h, respectively. We found that HD induced apoptotic death in PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, HD down-regulated Bcl-2 expression, up-regulated Bax expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, promoted the disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, induced the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and increased the activity of caspase-3 in PC12 cells, which were all the key regulators of intrinsic apoptotic pathway. These results indicate that HD induces apoptosis via a mitochondria- mediated pathway in PC12 cells.

Stereo-digital image correlation in the behavior investigation of CFRP-steel composite members

Xiao-Yuan He,Yun-Tong Dai,Hai-Tao Wang,Tian-Yuan Ge,Gang Wu,Jian-Xiao Wan,Shuang-Yin Cao,Fu-Jun Yang 국제구조공학회 2017 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.23 No.6

The application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) in steel structures primarily includes two categories, i.e., the bond-critical application and the contact-critical application. Debonding failure and buckling failure are the main failure modes for these two applications. Conventional electrometric techniques may not provide precise results because of the limitations associated with single-point contact measurements. A nondestructive full-field measurement technique is a valuable alternative to conventional methods. In this study, the digital image correlation (DIC) technique was adopted to investigate the bond behavior and buckling behavior of CFRP-steel composite members. The CFRP-to-steel bonded joint and the CFRPstrengthened square hollow section (SHS) steel column were tested to verify the suitability of the DIC technique. The stereo- DIC technique was utilized to measure continuous deformation. The bond-slip relationship of the CFRP-to-steel interface was derived using the DIC data. Additionally, a multi-camera DIC system consisting of four stereo-DIC subsystems was proposed and applied to the compressive test of CFRP-strengthened SHS steel column. The precise buckling location and CFRP delamination of the CFRP-strengthened SHS steel column were identified. The experimental results confirm that the stereo-DIC technique can provide effective measurements for investigating the behaviors of CFRP-steel composite members.

중국 농촌지역 노인의 운동참여정도가 건강생활양식에 미치는 영향

막쌍원 ( Shuang-yuan Mo ),이염삼 ( Yansen Li ),정염정 ( Yan-jingzheng ),조현철 ( Hyun-chul Cho ),김현륜 ( Hyun-ryun Kim ) 한국특수체육학회 2021 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구는 중국 농촌지역 노인의 운동참여정도가 건강생활양식에 미치는 영향에서 운동참여정도(운동빈도, 운동기간, 운동시간)가 건강생활양식(신체적 건강, 사회적 건강, 정신적 건강, 지적 건강, 정서적 건강)에 영향을 미치는가를 파악하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 편의표본추출법을 사용하여 중국 농촌지역을 중심으로 지역 내 양로원, 보건소, 노인복지관, 노인체육관을 이용 중인 노인 375명을 표집하였다. 사용된 수집 자료는 SPSS Windows 26.0 Version 통계프로그램을 일반적 특성을 위해 빈도분석(frequency analysis)을 실시하였으며, 각 항목의 타당도 및 신뢰도 검증을 위해 탐색적 요인분석(exploratory factor analysis)과 신뢰도 검증(Cronbach's α)을 실시하였다. 농촌지역 노인의 운동참여정도에 따른 건강생활양식 관계 분석을 위해 상관관계분석(correlation analysis)과 다중회귀분석(multipleregres-sion analysis)을 실시한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 운동참여정도(운동빈도, 운동기간, 운동시간)가 건강 생활양식 하위요인 신체적 건강에 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 운동참여정도(운동빈도, 운동기간, 운동시간)가 건강 생활양식 하위요인 사회적 건강에 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 운동참여정도(운동빈도, 운동기간, 운동시간)가 건강 생활양식 하위요인 정신적 건강에 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 운동참여정도(운동빈도, 운동기간, 운동시간)가 건강 생활양식 하위요인 지적 건강에 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 운동참여정도(운동빈도, 운동기간, 운동시간)가 건강 생활양식 하위요인 정서적 건강에 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이번 연구를 통해 노인의 운동참여 정도가 건강한 생활스타일에 긍정적인 영향을 준다는 사실이 밝혀졌으며, 이는 중국 농촌 노인들의 건강한 생활스타일을 지도하는데 중요한 역할을 하였으며 고령화 사회에 대한 대비에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of exercise participation (frequency, time, duration) in relation to the health lifestyle of elderly people in rural areas (physical, social, mental, intellectual and emotional). Using the convenience sampling method, the study selected 375 elderly people who are using nursing homes, health centers, welfare centers for the elderly, and gymnasiums for the elderly in rural China. The collection used was a frequency analysis of the SPSS Windows 26.0 Version statistics program for general characteristics, and an exploratory factor analysis and a Cronbach's α to verify the validity and reliability of each item. The results of the study were obtained by conducting correlation analysis and multi-regression analysis to analyze the impact of health lifestyle on the degree of participation of elderly people in rural areas. First, the degree of exercise participation (frequency, time, and duration) has been shown to have a positive effect on physical health, which is a subfactor of a healthy lifestyle. Second, the degree of exercise participation (frequency, time, and duration) has a positive effect on social health, which is a subfactor of health lifestyle. Third, the degree of exercise participation (frequency, time, and duration) has a positive effect on mental health, which is a subfactor of a healthy lifestyle. Fourth, the degree of participation in exercise (frequency, time, and period) has a positive effect on intellectual health, which is a subfactor of health lifestyle. Fifth, the degree of exercise participation (frequency, time, and duration) has a positive effect on emotional health, which is a subfactor of a healthy lifestyle. In other words, the higher the frequency of participation in sports, the higher the level of physical, social, mental, intellectual and emotional health of the elderly. Therefore, the study found that the degree of participation in sports by the elderly has a positive impact on the healthy lifestyle, which played an important role in guiding the healthy lifestyle of Chinese rural seniors and is expected to help prepare for an aging society.

Expression and Clinical Significance of Sushi Domain-Containing Protein 3 (SUSD3) and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor (IGF-IR) in Breast Cancer

Zhao, Shuang,Chen, Shuang-Shuang,Gu, Yuan,Jiang, En-Ze,Yu, Zheng-Hong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.18

Background: To investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) and sushi domain containing protein 3 (SUSD3) in breast cancer tissue, and analyze their relationship with clinical parameters and the correlation between the two proteins. Materials and Methods: The expression of IGF-IR and SUSD3 in 100 cases of breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal breast tissues after surgery was detected by immunohistochemical technique MaxVisionTM, and the relationship with clinical pathological features was further analyzed. Results: The positive rate of IGF-IR protein was 86.0% in breast cancer, higher than 3.0% in adjacent normal breast tissue (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of SUSD3 protein was 78.0% in breast cancer, higher than 2.0% in adjacent normal breast tissue (P<0.05). The expression of IGF-IR and SUSD3 was related to estrogen receptor and pathological types (P<0.05),but not with age, stage, the expression of HER-2 and Ki-67 (P>0. 05). The expression of IGF-IR and SUSD3 in breast cancer tissue was positively related (r=0.553, P<0.01). Conclusions: The expression of IGF-IR and SUSD3 may be correlated to the occurrence and development of breast cancer. The combined detection of IGF-IR, SUSD3 and ER may play an important role in judging prognosis and guiding adjuvant therapy after surgery of breast cancer.

Nonlinear Bending of Box Section Beams of Finite Length Under Uniformly Distributed Loading

Wei-bin Yuan,Zhao-shui Bao,Nan-ting Yu,Shuang-shuang Zhu,Li-ping Wu 한국강구조학회 2017 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.17 No.2

In this paper, the bending response of box-section beams of finite length is investigated by using energy methods. The basic assumptions used in the present study are that the total strain energy of a box-section beam subjected to uniformly distributed loading can be simplified into a two-stage analysis process. One is the local bending response of the webs and flanges behaving as plates; the other is the overall bending response of the beam with a deformed cross-section. Analytical solutions for both static and dynamic instabilities of box section beams of finite length subjected to transverse uniformly distributed loading are derived by applying the minimum potential energy principle. To validate the analytical solutions developed, geometric nonlinear finite element analyses are also conducted. Good agreement between the present solutions and the FEA results is demonstrated. Finally, the effects of beam length on the limit critical uniformly distributed load are also discussed.

Transcriptome analysis of rice leaves in response to Rhizoctonia solani infection and reveals a novel regulatory mechanism

De Peng Yuan,Xiao Feng Xu,Hong Woo-Jong,Si Ting Wang,Xin Tong Jia,Yang Liu,Shuang Li,Zhi Min Li,Qian Sun,Qiong Mei,Shuai Li,정기홍,Song Hong Wei,Yuan Hu Xuan 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.5

Sheath blight disease (ShB) severely afects rice production; however, the details of defense against ShB remain unclear. To understand the rice defense mechanism against ShB, an RNA sequencing analysis was performed using Rhizoctonia solani inoculated rice leaves after 48 h of inoculation. Among them, 3417 genes were upregulated and 2532 were downregulated when compared with the control group (>twofold or<1/2). In addition, the diferentially expressed genes were classifed via Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and MapMan analyses. Fifty-nine GO terms and seven KEGG pathways were signifcantly enriched. A MapMan analysis demonstrated that the phytohormone and metabolic pathways were signifcantly altered. Interestingly, the expression levels of 359 transcription factors, including WRKY, MYB, and NAC family members, as well as 239 transporter genes, including ABC, MFS, and SWEET, were signifcantly changed in response to R. solani AG1-IA inoculation. Additionally, OsWRKY53 and OsAKT1 negatively regulate the defense response in rice against R. solani via gain of function study for OsWRKY53 and loss of function study for OsAKT1, respectively. Furthermore, several diferentially expressed genes contain R. solani-responsive cis acting regulatory elements in their promoter regions. Taken together, our analyses provide valuable information for the additional study of the defense mechanisms against ShB, and the candidate genes identifed in this study will be useful resource for future breeding to enhance resistance against ShB.

The Signaling Mechanism of TGF-β₁ Induced Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Apoptosis

Di, He-Shuang,Wang, Li-Gang,Wang, Gen-Lin,Zhou, Lei,Yang, Yuan-Yuan Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.3

The present study showed that Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-${\beta}_1$) can induce apoptosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells. This apoptosis was also observed with phosphorylation of Smad2/3 within 0.5-2 h. Afterwards the signal transferred into the nucleus. Moreover, intracellular free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration was significantly elevated as well as Caspase-3 activated and DNA lysised, thereby inducing the programmed cell death. This signaling pathway of TGF-${\beta}_1$ was blocked by SB-431542 ($10^{-2}{\mu}M$) via inhibiting ALK-5 kinase activity, which thus reversed the anti-proliferation and apoptosis effect of TGF-${\beta}_1$ in mammary epithelial cells. These results indicated that TGF-${\beta}_1$ induced apoptosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells through the ALK-5-Smad2/3 pathway, which plays an important role in inhibiting survival of mammary epithelial cells. Moreover, intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ also played a critical role in TGF-${\beta}_1$-induced cell apoptosis.

Hydraulic conductivity estimation by considering the existence of piles: A case study

Yuan, Yao,Xu, Ye-Shuang,Shen, Jack S.,Wang, Bruce Zhi-Feng Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.14 No.5

Estimation of hydraulic parameters is a critical step during design of foundation dewatering works. When many piles are installed in an aquifer, estimation of the hydraulic conductivity should consider the blocking of groundwater seepage by the piles. Based on field observations during a dewatering project in Shanghai, hydraulic conductivities are back-calculated using a numerical model considering the actual position of each pile. However, it is difficult to apply the aforementioned model directly in field due to requirement to input each pile geometry into the model. To develop a simple numerical model and find the optimal hydraulic conductivity, three scenarios are examined, in which the soil mass containing the piles is considered to be a uniform porous media. In these three scenarios, different sub-regions with different hydraulic conductivities, based on either automatic inverted calculation, or on effective medium theory (EMT), are established. The results indicate that the error, in the case which determines the hydraulic conductivity based on EMT, is less than that determined in the automatic inversion case. With the application of EMT, only the hydraulic conductivity of the soil outside the pit should be inverted. The soil inside the pit with its piles is divided into sub-regions with different hydraulic conductivities, and the hydraulic conductivity is calculated according to the volume ratio of the piles. Thus, the use of EMT in numerical modelling makes it easier to consider the effect of piles installed in an aquifer.

C-Phycocyanin Supplementation during In Vitro Maturation Enhances Pre-Implantation Developmental Competence of Parthenogenetic and Cloned Embryos in Pigs

Shuang Liang,Jing Guo,Yong Xun Jin,Bao Yuan,Jia-Bao Zhang,Nam-Hyung Kim 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2017 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10

C-Phycocyanin (C-PC), a protein from green microalgae, has been suggested to possess various biological activities, including antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. The aim of the current study was to explore the effects of C-PC on the maturation of porcine oocytes and subsequent developmental competence after parthenogenetic activation and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) as well as the underlying mechanisms. There was no significant improvement in nuclear maturation rates between the control and C-PC supplementation groups (1, 3, 5, 10 μg/mL). However, supplementation of 5 μg/mL C-PC in the maturation medium significantly increased blastocyst formation and hatching rates after parthenogenetic activation (59.6±3.6% and 33.0±2.6% vs. 49.8±3.5% and 27.4±2.4%, respectively). In addition, the presence of CPC during the maturation period significantly improved blastocyst formation rates and total cell numbers after SCNT (24.8±1.9% and 42.2±3.3 vs. 21.6±2.2% and 39.5±3.4, respectively) compared to the control group. Furthermore, cellular proliferation and the expression of pluripotency-related genes (SOX2 and NANOG) were increased in cloned blastocysts derived from the C-PC supplemented group. Importantly, C-PC supplementation during maturation not only improved cumulus expansion and increased the expression of cumulus expansion-related genes (HAS2, PTX3, and PTGS2), but also enhanced antioxidant capacity, improved mitochondria function, and decreased cathepsin B activity in porcine oocytes. These results demonstrate that C-PC may be useful for improving porcine oocyte quality and subsequent developmental competence in embryos.

NF-κB/ROS and ERK pathways regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Listeria monocytogenes infected BV2 microglia cells

Yuan Lin,Zhu Yurong,Huang Shuang,Lin Lin,Jiang Xugan,Chen Shengxia 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.8

Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen responsible for neurolisteriosis, which is potentially lethal in immunocompromised individuals. Microglia are the main target cells for L. monocytogenes in central nervous system (CNS). However, the precise mechanisms by which they trigger neuroinflammatory processes remain unknown. The BV2 microglial cell line and a murine model of L. monocytogenes infection were used for experiments in this study. Listeria monocytogenes induced pyroptosis and nucleotide binding and oligomerization, leucine-rich repeat, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in BV2. Pharmacological inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome attenuated L. monocytogenes- induced pyroptosis. Moreover, inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) pathways induced a decrease in caspase1 activation and mature IL-1β-17 secretion. Our collective findings support critical involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in L. monocytogenes-induced neuroinflammation and, to an extent, ROS production. In addition, ERK and NF-κB signaling play an important role in activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, both in vitro and in vivo.