Fluoxetine and Sertraline Attenuate Postischemic Brain Injury in Mice

Shin, Tae-Kyeong,Kang, Mi-Sun,Lee, Ho-Youn,Seo, Moo-Sang,Kim, Si-Geun,Kim, Chi-Dae,Lee, Won-Suk The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.3

This study aimed to investigate whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) attenuate brain injury and facilitate recovery following photothrombotic cortical ischemia in mice. Male ICR mice were anesthetized and systemically administered Rose Bengal. Permanent focal ischemia was induced in the medial frontal and somatosensory cortices by irradiating the skull with cold light laser. The animals were treated with fluoxetine or sertraline once a day for 14 d starting 1 h after ischemic insult. Treatment with fluoxetine and sertraline significantly reduced the infarct size. The Evans blue extravasation indices of the fluoxetine- and sertraline-treated groups were significantly lower than that of the vehicle group. Treatment with fluoxetine and sertraline shifted the lower limit of the mean arterial blood pressure for cerebral blood flow autoregulation toward normal, and significantly increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 ${\alpha}$ (HIF-1 ${\alpha}$) proteins in the ischemic region. These results suggest that SSRIs, such as fluoxetine and sertraline, facilitate recovery following photothrombotic cortical ischemia via enhancement of HO-1 and HIF-1 ${\alpha}$ proteins expression, thereby providing a benefit in therapy of cerebral ischemia.

골수이식 후 골밀도 및 골대사의 변화 : 2년 추적관찰 2-Year Prospective Study

이원영,강무일,오은숙,오기원,한제호,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,신완식,민우성,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

Fluoxetine and Sertraline Attenuate Postischemic Brain Injury in Mice

Tae Kyeong Shin,Mi Sun Kang,Ho Youn Lee,Moo Sang Seo,Si Geun Kim,Chi Dae Kim,Won Suk Lee 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.3

This study aimed to investigate whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) attenuate brain injury and facilitate recovery following photothrombotic cortical ischemia in mice. Male ICR mice were anesthetized and systemically administered Rose Bengal. Permanent focal ischemia was induced in the medial frontal and somatosensory cortices by irradiating the skull with cold light laser. The animals were treated with fluoxetine or sertraline once a day for 14 d starting 1 h after ischemic insult. Treatment with fluoxetine and sertraline significantly reduced the infarct size. The Evans blue extravasation indices of the fluoxetine- and sertraline-treated groups were significantly lower than that of the vehicle group. Treatment with fluoxetine and sertraline shifted the lower limit of the mean arterial blood pressure for cerebral blood flow autoregulation toward normal, and significantly increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1Ձ (HIF-1Ձ) proteins in the ischemic region. These results suggest that SSRIs, such as fluoxetine and sertraline, facilitate recovery following photothrombotic cortical ischemia via enhancement of HO-1 and HIF-1Ձ proteins expression, thereby providing a benefit in therapy of cerebral ischemia.

Induction of heme oxygenase-1 protects against podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions

Lee, Sang Choel,Han, Seung Hyeok,Li, Jin Ji,Lee, Sun Ha,Jung, Dong-Sub,Kwak, Seung-Jae,Kim, Seung Hye,Kim, Dong Ki,Yoo, Tae-Hyun,Kim, Jin Hyun,Chang, Se-Ho,Han, Dae Suk,Kang, Shin-Wook International Society of Nephrology 2009 Kidney international Vol.76 No.8

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an anti-oxidant enzyme normally upregulated in response to oxidant injury. Here we determined the role of HO-1 in podocyte apoptosis in glomeruli of streptozotocin-treated rats and in immortalized mouse podocytes cultured in media containing normal or high glucose. HO-1 expression, its activity, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein, and active caspase-3 fragments were all significantly higher in isolated glomeruli of diabetic rats and in high glucose–treated podocytes. These increases were inhibited by zinc protoporphyrin treatment of the rats or by HO-1 siRNA treatment of the podocytes in culture. The number of apoptotic cells was also significantly increased in the glomeruli of diabetic rats and in high glucose–treated podocytes. Inhibition of HO-1 accentuated the increase in apoptotic cells both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggest that HO-1 expression protects against podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions.

장 르느와르 : <위대한 환상>, <게임의 규칙>을 중심으로 Focus on <Grand Illusion>, <The Rules of the Game>

신강호 한국영화교육학회 2001 영화교육연구 Vol.3 No.-

This thesis is a analysis of Grand Illusion, The Rules of the Game on director Jean Renoir. The purpose of this thesis is to study the narrative and style in text. Many antiwar films make their plea by providing a surfeit of the horrors of war; Renoir does not. Nor does he win our allegiance to peace with thrilling combat scenes. Rather, he provides some glimpses of brave and honorable men interacting within the vague ambiance of the conflict, leaving us to find and feel in this display of life the futility and wastefulness of war. The use of parallels and repetitions, an important but subordinate elements in the totality of a Renoir film, in Grand Illusion becomes the organizing principle of the whole: Two parallel introductory scenes; three large parallel central sections; one pair of characters splitting into two parallel pairs, with a complex variety of smaller parallels and repetitions, where the repetitions are often also reversals, a repeated form with a contrast meanings. Any brief account of the narrative of The Rules of the Game must seem complicated to the point of unintelligibility. I offer such an account, knowing this danger, but trusting that the discussion that follows will make more sense of it. The film explores the contrast and convention and question of how people meet. These themes had persisted as Renoir moved from the bourgeois films of the early thirties which present larger groups of a lower class, but from Grand Illusion on they are subordinated to the question of class. The style Renoir had developed through the 1930s reaches it culmination in The Rules of the Game. Special lenses were made to maximize the depth of the field. His camera moves more freely than ever through this space, sometimes abandoning an action in mid-movement to follow another, sometimes catching two or three actions simultaneous at different depths in the field, often through a door which frames another receding space. The sound track of a perfection never equaled by any French film. Renoir's films are among the major achievements of this youngest art form. He worked at this art for over forty-five years. One constant in this long career was that in both style and theme his films were genuinely his, rather than performance executed in accord with the fashions of the moment. I'd like to study this point through the Grand Illusion and The Rules of the Game.

Flora of Mt. Woosanbong, Korea

Kang,Shin-Ho,Lee,Young-Sim,Ko,Sung-Chul 한국자원식물학회 2003 Plant Resources Vol.6 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the flora and plant resources of Mt. Woosanbong (537.8 m) from April to October 2002. The collected vascular plants were composed of all 389 taxa including cultivated species, and classified into 329 species, 2 subspecies, 53 varieties, and 5 forms of 248 genera under 81 families. Six taxa of the Korean endemic plants and 4 taxa of the rare and endangered plants were also distributed in this mount. Resource plants were categorized into edible 181, pasturing 160, medicinal 136, stainable 94, ornamental 77, timber 22, fiber 5 and industrial 4 taxa, respectively. Floristic geography of the investigated area was regarded as the boundary between middle and southern parts in floristic pattern of the Korean Peninsula.

비토리오 데 시카 : 네오리얼리즘 삼부작을 중심으로 Focus on Trilogy of Neorealism

신강호 한국영화교육학회 2003 영화교육연구 Vol.5 No.-

This thesis focus on De Sica' s trilogy of <Shoeshine> (l946), <Bicycle Thieves> (1947) and <Umbert D> (1951). I want focus on these three movies and find it necessary to sum up briefly their respective plots. To consider neorealist films as documents in no way implies diminishing their artistic value. In fact, it is the quality of the photography, the interest of the story, the sequence construction that push spectators to look beyond the purely factual and discover the potentialities of the situation. Most neorealist movies suggest and allow for several interpretations and let the public discover contrasted aspects of contemporary life. De Sica' s Rome is not merely a constructed area divided into a centre and outskirts. It is instead a space where habits or traditions intermingle with new needs ambitions, thus creating a complex network of social relationships. There is a difference, or rather a distance, between the centre and the periphery, but entering the city does not only require means of transport. Townsman participate in regulated exchanges, and the immigrants must learn how to behave before being accepted. Neorealism does not exhaust the subject of urban lie and social changes in cites but if offers a coherent, moving vision of some problems which accounts for its long-lasting success.

Streptococcus의 유당분해에 대한 자일리톨의 효과

신강호,양규호,최남기,김선미,오종석 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.2

자일리톨은 탄소 5개가 있는 탄수화물로 치아우식증을 억제할 목적으로 사용되는 자당 대체물이다. 본 논문은 구강 중요 세균인 Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius에서 유당분해에 대한 자일리톨의 작용을 관찰하고자 하였다. 세균에 대한 유당과 자일리톨의 병합효과를 보기 위하여 분광광도계를 이용한 흡광도를 측정하였고 생균수 검사를 실시하였다. Streptococcus mutans 또는 β-galactosidase에 의한 유당분해에 대한 자일리톨 효과를 보기 위하여 thin layer chromatography와 lactose-PTS activity test를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 유당과 자일리톨을 병합 첨가한 배지에 Streptococcus mutans를 배양하면 배양액 흡광도가 배양 8시간에 증가하지 않다가 배양 24시간에 증가하였다. 배양 8시간에서의 생균수도 유당 단독보다 유당과 자일리톨 병합 첨가 시 적게 나타났다. 2. 유당과 자일리톨을 병합 첨가한 배지에 Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius를 배양하면 배양액 흡광도가 배양 8시간에 증가하지 않다가 배양 24시간에 증가하였다. 3. 배지에 유당 단독으로 첨가할 때보다도 유당과 자일리톨을 병합 첨가한 배지에 Streptococcus mutans를 8시간 배양하면 thin layer chromatography상 남아있는 유당이 많았으나, 배양 24시간에는 모든 유당이 분해되었다. 4. 배지에 유당 단독으로 첨가할 때보다도 유당과 자일리톨을 병합 첨가한 배지에서 Streptococcus mutans의 lactose-PTS 활성도가 낮았다. 5. 배지에 유당 단독으로 첨가할 때보다도 유당과 자일리톨을 병합 첨가한 배지에 β-galactosidase 사용시 thin layer chromatography상 유당이 많았다. 이상의 결과는 자일리톨이 Streptococcus의 유당 이용을 억제함을 시사하였다. Xylitol is a 5-carbons carbohydrate, which can be replaced with sucrose for preventing dental caries. To study the effect of xylitol on the fermentation of lactose in bacteria, the important oral bacteria such as Streptococcus (S.) mutans, S. oralis and S. salivarius were studied. The optical density using spectophotometer and the cell concentration were assessed to evaluate the combined effect of lactose and xylitol against the bacteria. Thin layer chromatography and lactose-PTS activity test were performed to evaluate the effect of xylitol on the fermentation of lactose in S. mutans and by β-galactosidase with the following results. 1. The optical density of Streptococcus mutans culture was not increased for 8 hours-incubation in the media added with lactose and xylitol, but was increased at 24 hours-incubation. The number of viable cells at 8 hours-incubation was smaller in the media containing lactose and xylitol in comparison with lactose only. 2. The optical densities of Streptococcus oralis culture and Streptococcus salivarius culture were not increased for 8 hours-incubation in the media added with lactose and xylitol, but were increased at 24 hours-incubation. 3. When Streptococcus mutans was incubated for 8 hours in the media added with lactose and xylitol. the amount of remained lactose was larger compared with the media added with lactose only. But all lactose was fermented in both media after 24 hours-incubation. 4. When Streptococcus mutans was incubated in the media added with lactose and xylitol, the activity of lactose-PTS was higher compared with the media added with lactose only. 5. When β-galactosidase was incubated in the media added with lactose and xylitol, the amount of remained lactose was larger compared with the media added with lactose only. These results indicated that xylitol inhibited the fermentation of lactose by Streptococcus.

저밀도 폴리에틸렌에 불포화분자의 그라프트 반응

강웅일,선우창신,서호준 전남대학교 촉매연구소 2001 觸媒硏究 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

The functionalization of low density polyethylene with MAH (maleic anhydride), DEF (diethyl fumarate), DBM (dibutyl maleate) and MMA (methyl methacrylate) as a polar functional monomer and DCPO (dicumyl peroxide), BPO (benzoyl peroxide) as radical initiator was investigated. The grafting was conducted under different operating conditions to investigate the effects of various factors, such as unsaturated molecules concentration, initiator concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time. Also in order to investigated degree of functionalization, the grafted polyethylene wax characterized by FT-IR. DSC and SEM. The results of FT-IR spectra showed the grafting polymers analyzed a C=O absorbance band. A melting temperature and heat of fusion were confirmed by DSC. The optimal grafting yield was obtained at an unsaturated molecules concentration, 5g, initiator concentration, 0.8g reaction temperature, 140℃, reaction time, 3h. The grafting yield of the unsaturated molecules was as follow using DCPO; MAH>DEF>DBM>MMA and the grafting yield of the unsaturated molecules was follow using BPO; MAH>DEF>DBM=MMA and DCPO was found to be an excellent initiator for a grafting reaction.

원전의 가동중검사 관련 각국의 기술기준 비교고찰

신호상,김경조,장창희,강석철 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.24 No.2

각국의 법령에서는 원자력발전소에서 발생할 수 있는 사고로부터 국민의 건강과 재산을 보호하기 위해 원자력발전소의 압력경계 주요 용접부 등에 대해서는 주기적으로 열화의 정도를 파악하기 위한 가동중 비파괴검사를 수행하도록 규정하고 있으며, 이를 뒷받침하기 위한 가동중검사 기술기준을 제정하여 이행하고 있다. 최근 리스크를 반영한 가동중검사 프로그램을 개발하여 적용을 시도하고 있지만, 기존의 결정론적 검사대상 선정 프로그램은 아직도 상당한 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 가동중검사에 관한 선진국 즉, 미국, 프랑스, 캐나다, 일본 등의 기술기준과 IAEA에서 제시하는 안전지침에 비교검토를 통하여 현재 국내 가동중검사 기술기준의 개선방안을 모색하고자 하였다. In each country, the periodic ISI(In-Service Inspection) is required by the law to protect the public health and property from the potential accident of the nuclear facilities. To support the implementation of ISI program, the prescriptive ISI technical standards have been established. As the key parts of the ISI program, the non-destructive examination techniques are widely used to identify the degree of degradation of the pressure boundary components and welds. Recently, the risk informed-ISI program has been developed and implemented in several countries. Nonetheless, the existing ISI program which prescriptively decides the scope of inspection still has its own significance. In this article, the technical standards of ISI in leading countries like US, France, Canada, and Japan are reviewed and compared with the safety guide by IAEA. An outline to revise the domestic technical standards of ISI has been suggested.